BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING SEED DEVELOPMENT OF SAFFLOWER (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY METHODS AND SCHEDULES OF IRRIGATION
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Date
1996
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AAU, Anand
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the biochemical changes during different stages of seed development of safflower as influenced by different methods and schedules of irrigation during winter season at Anand under middle Gujarat conditions. This region represents a sub-tropical climate and soil is sandy loam in texture of alluvial origin. Sixteen treatments comprising all possible combinations of two methods viz., furrow (M1) and flood irrigation (M2) and eight schedules of irrigation viz., no irrigation (I0), irrigation at branching (I1), irrigation at flowering (I2 ), irrigation at seed development (I3), two irrigations each at branching and flowering (I4 ) , two irrigations each at branching and seed development (I5), two irrigation each at flowering and seed development (I6) and three irrigations each at branching, flowering and seed development stages (I7) were tried in a Factorial Randomised Block Design. The seed samples were drawn at 15, 30 and 45 days after flowering (DAF) analysing the quality parameters viz., seed moisture content, 100-seed weight, protein content, fibre content, total lipid content, lipid profile and fatty acid composition of total lipids in safflower seed. The moisture content of the seed and unit weight of fresh seed decreased, whereas unit weight of dry seed increased with the advancement in the seed maturity. Methods of irrigation (furrow and flood) did not bring significant variations either in moisture content or unit weight of fresh or dry seeds. However, crop irrigated at branching and flowering stages recorded the highest moisture content at 15 DAF, but unit weight was the highest when crop was irrigated at all the three critical stages (branching, flowering and seed development) of crop growth. Protein content in defatted meal increased upto 30 DAF and thereafter decreased upto maturity (45 DAF). But crude fibre content decreased with concomitant progress in the seed maturity. The methods of irrigation had no impact on protein and crude fibre contents of seed. Irrigations at the critical stages of crop growth had also given higher protein content at 30 DAF and lower at 45 DAF. Imposition of the stress at all the critical stages of crop growth gave maximum value for crude fibre content of seed. However, in case of flood irrigation, irrigating crop at the branching stage gave the highest crude fibre.Total lipids, triacylglycerol (TG), oleic acid and linoleic acid contents increased, whereas Sn- 1,2(2,3)diacylglycerol (DG), monoacylglycerol (MG), polax lipids (PL) and palmitic acid contents decreased with the progress in the seed maturity. Significant differences were observed in total lipids, TG, DG, PL and linoleic acid contents due to different methods of irrigation. Irrigation at the critical stages of crop growth gave higher total lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), DG, PL, palmitic acid and oleic acid contents, while stress at these critical stages gave higher TG, MG (at 15 DAF) and linoleic acid contents. The results of the present investigation reveal that crop irrigated by the furrow method at flowering and seed development stages gave the best quality oil as judged from linoleic acid content of seed oil. However, maximum quantity of total lipids was found when crop was irrigated at all the three critical stages of crop growth by furrow method.
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BIOCHEMISTRY, AGRICULTURE, A STUDY