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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON GENITAL INFECTIONS IN POSTPARTUM AND REPEAT BREEDER CROSSBRED CATTLE BY RAVAL SAURABHKUMAR RAMESHCHANDRA (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) (Registration(DEPARTMENT OF GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) RAVAL SAURABHKUMAR RAMESHCHANDRA; Dr. M.T. PANCHALThe present study was conducted on postpartum (PP, n=30) and repeat breeder (RB, n=40) crossbred (CB) cows, presented at AI Centres of Chikhodra and Bedwa villages of Anand district, during August 2016 to February 2017, to evaluate genital infections. Based on bacterial isolates, the animals were subgrouped, which comprised Group I (PPT: PP Treatment, 19); Group II (PPC: PP Control, 11); Group III (RBT: RB Treatment, 28); and Group IV (RBC: RB Control, 12). The cows yielding bacterial growth were treated with sensitive antibiotics (i/m) and cows with no bacterial growth (control) were given 10 ml of normal saline (i/m) and were inseminated and followed for repeating to oestrus and/or pregnancy. The details of bacterial isolates, their antibiogram, PMN%, Whiteside test, pH, spinnbarkeit, inter estrus intervals and fertility results were recorded and analyzed.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF DOUBLESYNCH AND PRID + PMSG FOR OESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS BUFFALOES(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Patel Arpit J.; Dr. J.A. PatelThis investigation was aimed to evaluate the clinical response and monitor the peripheral plasma progesterone and biochemical profiles in postpartum true anoestrus buffaloes treated with different hormonal protocols, viz., Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch, Triu-B/PRID, PRID + PMSG and untreated control, n=11 each under field conditions. All anoestrus animals identified were initially dewormed using Inj. Ivectin, 10 ml s/c (100 mg Ivermectin), and were treated once initially with Inj. Tonophosphan, 10 ml and Inj. Intavita- H,10 ml i/m (Vit.AD3E) and bolus Minotas @ 1 bolus daily PO for 7 daysThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS PROTOCOLS OF ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN CYCLIC AND ACYCLIC BUFFALOES(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Jignesh P. Prajapati; Dr. D.M. PatelThis study was undertaken in field conditions during the year 2016-17 on 50 acyclic/anestrus and 50 cyclic repeat breeder buffaloes to evaluate the efficacy of four estrus induction/synchronization protocols, viz., Doublesynch, Estradoublesynch, Ovsynch, and Ovsynch Plus (10 buffaloes in each protocol, and in untreated cyclic and acyclic controls) in terms of estrus induction response, conception rates at induced estrus with fixed time AI (FTAI) and overall of 3 cycles, including monitoring plasma progesterone, protein and cholesterol profile at different time intervals during treatment and day 12 post-AI. All the animals selected were initially injected with 100 mg Inj. of Ivermectin s/c and Inj. inorganic phosphorus (Inj. Tonophosphan) and multivitamins AD3E (Inj. Intavita-H) 10 ml each i/m and bolus Minotas 1 bolus daily orally for 7 days. Repeat breeding buffaloes received additional single shot i/m injection of Enrofloxacin (Inj. Flobac SA, 40 ml) to rule out invisible infection, if any.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF ANIMAL PROTEIN FREE SEMEN EXTENDERS FOR CRYOPRESERVATION OF CATTLE AND BUFFALO SEMEN(DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) Chaudhary Parth J.; Dr. A.J. DhamiThis investigation was undertaken during the favourable breeding season of the year 2016-17 on three mature Gir cattle and three Surti buffalo bulls at Central Sperm Station of the College. The study covered evaluation of seminal characteristics in neat semen and then comparative efficacy of egg yolk based standard TFYG (Tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol) extender and soybean based commercially available extenders (Optixcell®, IMV, France, and Andromed®, Minitube, Germany) under split-sample technique through various morphological and functional attributes of spermatozoa including leakage of spermatozoa enzymes GOT-GPT in the semen extended/processed in these extenders for cryopreservation, and interrelationships of sperm quality parameters of fresh, pre-freeze and post-thawed semen.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS AND PRESERVATION OF SURTI BUCK SEMEN UNDER REFRIGERATION AND DEEP FREEZING AND THEIR FERTILITY TRIALS(AAU, Anand, 1989) Deshpande, Satish Balkrishna; Mehta, V. M.In the present studies on Surti buck semen (i) Physical characters (ii) Effect of dilutors viz., Egg Yolk Citrate (EYC), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose (TEYCAF) and Goat Milk and dilution rates (1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) on sperm motility and live sperm count at different hours of preservation (0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96) and (iii) effect of dilutors i.e. Egg Yolk Citrate Fructose Glycerol (EYCFG), Tris Egg Yolk Citric Acid Fructose Glycerol (TEYCAFG) and Goat milk glycerol (Goat-milk G) with three different levels (4, 5 or 6 per cent) of glycerol on pre-freeze (P1 and P2) and post-freeze (P3 and P4) sperm motility and live sperm count were studied.ThesisItem Open Access REPRODUCTION IN MARES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY(AAU, Anand, 2012) KUMAR, NISHANT; Patel, D. M.The present study on "Reproduction in Mares with Special Reference to Endometrial Biopsy" was carried out on mares of different police head quarters like Anand and Kheda districts. The mare visiting Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Anand, were also included in the study. The research work included study of normal and abnormal estrous cycle of mare. In this study special emphasis was given on collection of endometrial biopsy for histopathology and blood for different hemato-biochemical parameters. A detailed histopathological study was carried out on endometrial biopsies to know the reproductive status of mares. The research work was carried out on 18 police mares and privately owned mares of Anand and near by Anand area. Each of the three groups had 6 animals and were divided on the basis of reproductive status, viz.. Group 1- Mares with normal estrous cycle, Group 2- Mares with abnormal estrous cycle. Group 3- Mares with infertility. These mares were studied for normal and abnormal estrous cycle, histopathology of endometrial biopsy and hemato-biochemical studies. On the basis of study in 172 mares it was found that mare is a seasonal polyestrous animal with breeding seasons in the months of spring and summer. As day length increases in spring mares show signs of heat and as day length decreases in winter mare were found to be going into deep anestrous condition. The mean estrous cycle length of mares during breeding seasons were found to be 21 ±0.58 days with estrus period of 5-7 (6.07 ± 0.87) days. The signs of estrus include frequent urination, deviating tail away from the perineum, standing still with the hind limbs spread apart, clitoral winking (rhythmic eversion of the clitoris), squealing, kicking and sensitivity over the flanks, hindquarter, and abdomen. The recently parturited mares were showing foal heat between 7-13 (9.38 ± 2.57) days of parturition. The mean estrous cycle lengths of abnormal cyclic mares was 10 ± 2.32 days (Short) and 32 ± 3.6 days (Long) during breeding season of spring and summer months. The abnormal cyclic mare were also shown wide range of estrus period of 3- 10 (5.6 ±2.8) days. Endometrial biopsy and histopathology studies indicated normal endometrium exhibiting mild to moderate neutrophil infiltration, specially in case of estrus period. In estrus the epithelial cells were tall cuboidal to low columnar and progressing to high columnar during diestrus. Acute endometritis was characterized by accumulation of inflammatory cells (neutrophils), mild to moderates stromal fibrosis, stromal oedema, congestion of blood vessels and accumulation of inflammatory exudates which may be temporary in nature. Chronic endometritis was characterized by moderate to severe endometrial gland atrophy, extensive fibrosis (i.e., more than five layers of fibrocytes around endometrial glands) and mononuclear cell (specially lymphocytes) infiltration. In some cases diffiisely less density of endometrial glands were found The serum calcium levels of normal cyclic, abnormal cyclic and infertile mares were 12.09 ± 0.14, 11.04 ± 0.15 and 10.62 ± 0.10 mg/dl, respectively and was found to differ significantly to each other. The serum magnesium levels of normal cyclic, abnormal cyclic and infertile mares were 2.13 ± 0.06, 1.96 ± 0.03 and 1.85 ± 0.03 mg/dl. The serum phosphorus levels of normal cyclic, abnormal cyclic and infertile mares were 3.86 ± 0.07, 3.22 ± 0.10 and 2.63 ± 0.11 mg/dl. Both serum magnesium and serum phosphorus levels were significantly lower in infertile than normal and abnormal cyclic animals.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Antioxidants on Refrigeration (5°C) and Cryopreservation (-196°C) of Buffalo Semen(AAU, Anand, 2015) VARGHESE, ORIN; DHAMI, A. J.This study was undertaken on five sexually mature healthy buffalo bulls of Surti breed during the breeding season at Central Sperm Station of the College. The bulls were maintained in nearly identical nutritional and managemental conditions throughout the period of study and were regularly dewormed and vaccinated against FMD & HS. They were in regular, twice a week, semen collection schedule using AV. Eight ejaculates with >70% initial motility were studied from each of the 5 bulls at weekly interval. Soon after collection, the ejaculates were evaluated for routine physicomorphological attributes, including motility, viability, morphology (eosin-nigrosin), acrosomal integrity (Giemsa stain) and plasma membrane integrity (HOST 150 mOsm/L; an in vitro fertility test) through standard procedures and using phase contrast microscope. Each ejaculate was then divided into five equal aliquots, and extended at the concentration of 100 x10 power 6 spermatozoa ml-1 at 34°C with standard Tris citrate fructose egg yolk glycerol (TFYG) extender as control and TFYG having 2 additives - Cysteine HCl (0.5 & 1.0 mg/ml) and Taurine (4.0 & 6.0 mg/ml)- each at 2 levels to study their comparative efficacy for refrigeration (5°C up to 72 hrs) and cryopreservation (-196°C) of buffalo semen based on above 5 sperm quality parameters, including interrelationships of these parameters in fresh, refrigerated and cryopreserved semen. Small portions of the extended semen samples (2 ml from each aliquot) were transferred to a refrigerator for 5°C preservation and evaluated at 24 hrs interval up to 72 hrs for above quality parameters. The remaining portions of extended semen samples were used for filling the French mini straws on IS4 system (IMV, France). After gradual cooling over 60-90 minutes and equilibration for 4 hrs in cold handling cabinet, the straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour using a programmable bio-freezer (Digitcool 5300, IMV, France). The straws of all 5 extenders were evaluated on dilution, at pre-freezing (after equilibration) and after 18-24 hrs of freezing (post-freeze stage) for the above quality parameters. Post-thaw incubation test (37 °C) was also performed to evaluate sperm survival after 1,2 and 3 hr of incubation. The mean values of ejaculate volume, density (1-4 score), sperm concentration, mass activity (0-5 score), individual sperm motility, live sperm, abnormal sperm, intact acrosome and HOS reactive sperms observed in fresh semen in Surti bulls were 3.04±0.11 ml, 3.06±0.08, 963.05±50.97 million/ml, 2.97±0.06, 75.00±0.69 %, 88.22 ±0.48 %, 4.40±0.26 %, 93.67±0.31 % and 89.17±0.57 %, respectively. The variation between bulls was significant (P<0.05) only for HOS test. With respect to cryopreservation, the overall mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed initially, after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) and after freezing (post-thaw stage) of buffalo semen split-diluted in TFYG extender, irrespective of additives, were 79.25±0.37, 70.15±0.43 and 41.72±0.53, respectively. The corresponding values for live spermatozoa were 84.80±0.32, 76.61±0.45, 48.05±0.55 %; morphologically abnormal spermatozoa 4.73±0.11, 5.94±0.12 and 8.23±0.13 %; intact acrosomes 92.40±0.18, 89.20±0.21 and 83.06±0.18 % and HOST reactive sperms 84.77±0.35, 75.25±0.46 and 46.42±0.56 %, respectively, all of which differed highly significantly (P<0.01) between stages of freezing process. The mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed soon on dilution (initial/0 hr) in control TFYG extender and in extender having cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 75.12±0.76, 77.75±0.69, 80.51±0.65, 81.75±0.79 and 81.00±0.82, respectively. The corresponding values for live spermatozoa were 82.75±0.76, 84.27±0.66, 85.95±0.65, 86.17±0.64 and 84.80±0.82 %; intact acrosomes 92.85±0.34, 93.07±0.31, 91.00*2.30, 92.22±0.39 and 90.55±0.43 % and HOS reactive sperms 82.72±0.91, 83.40±0.70, 85.72±0.67, 86.25±0.64 and 85.62±0.86 %, respectively. The mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed after equilibration (at pre-freeze stage) in control TFYG and TFYG with cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 65.37±0.84, 68.37±0.81, 72.62±0.69, 73.25±0.81 and 71.12±1.02; and after freezing-thawing 38.37±0.95, 39.50±0.80, 46.50±0.72, 50.00±0.62 and 34.25±0.71, respectively. The corresponding values of live spermatozoa observed at pre-freeze stage in control TFYG and in TFYG with cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 72.75±0.99, 70.62±0.81, 78.97±0.93, 79.37±0.88 and 76.32±1.14 %; and after freezing-thawing 44.82±1.02, 46.37±0.99, 52.97±0.79, 55.02±0.80 and 41.07±0.99 %, respectively. The mean percentages of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa observed at pre-freeze stage in control TFYG diluent and in TFYG with cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 6.35±0.27, 5.73±0.28, 5.45±0.25, 5.80±0.28 and 6.38±0.29; and after freezing-thawing 9.10±0.22, 8.15±0.26, 7.10±0.26, 7.90±0.29 and 8.90±0.31 %, respectively. The overall mean values of sperms with head, midpiece and tail abnormalities recorded initially were 1.19±0.04, 1.54±0.04 and 2.01±0.08 %, respectively. The corresponding values noted after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) of extended semen were 1.33±0.04, 1.99±0.05 and 2.70±0.09 %, and after freezing (postthaw stage) 1.62±0.04,2.58±0.06 and 4.03±0.09 %, respectively. The mean percentages of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes found at pre-freeze stage in control TFYG and in TFYG with cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 89.70±0.39, 90.58±0.34, 90.90±0.35, 88.53±0.46 and 86.28±0.45; and after freezing-thawing 82.43±0.32, 84.40±0.18, 85.73±0.18, 82.75±0.30 and 79.98±0.35 %, respectively. The overall mean percentages of sperms with swollen, ruffled, detached and denuded acrosome, and total damaged acrosomes recorded initially were 3.18±0.08, 2.30±0.06, 1.36±0.04, 0.76±0.04 and 7.58±0.18 %, respectively. The corresponding values noted after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) of extended semen were 4.55±0.09, 3.30±0.08, 1.85±0.05, 1.11±0.04 and 10.80±0.21 %, and after freezing (post-thaw stage) were 6.73±0.07, 5.25±0.07, 2.99±0.06, 1.94±0.05 and 16.94±0.18 %, respectively. The values of all the traits differed highly significantly (P < 0.01) between stages/periods of cryopreservation process. The mean percentages of spermatozoa with biochemically active intact plasma membrane recorded at pre-freeze stage in control TFYG extender and in TFYG with cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml 70.82±0.92, 74.17±0.93, 78.12±0.79, 78.08±0.95 and 75.03±1.08; and after freezing-thawing 42.52±1.04, 45.10±1.04, 51.62±0.82, 53.73±0.69 and 39.10±0.91 %, respectively. The mean percentages of motile spermatozoa observed immediately after thav^ng (0 hr), and after 1, 2 and 3 hrs of post-thaw incubation at 37°C in water bath were 41.52±0.57, 27.88±0.58, 15.05±0.58 and 5.47±0.35 (P<0.01), respectively. The mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed in control TFYG with cysteine 0.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 mg/ml and 6 mg/ml after 1 hr of post-thaw incubation were 24.13±0.88, 27.18±1.02, 32.75±0.82, 36.13±0.92 and 19.25±0.88; after 2 hrs of incubation 12.38±0.86, 14.38±0.84, 18.88±0.70, 21.50±0.88 and 8.13±0.64 %, and after 3 hrs of incubation 3.25±0.58, 4.63±0.58, 8.88±0.66, 10.00±0.65 and 0.63±0.2 %, respectively. Significantly higher progressive motility, better viability and post-thaw survival, acrosome integrity and HOS reactivity with fewer abnormalities of sperm/acrosome were observed at all stages of cryopreservation of buffalo semen extended with TFYG extender having taurine 4 mg/ml and cysteine 1 mg/ml than cysteine 0.5 mg/ml and control TFYG, while taurine 6 mg/ml in TFYG showed comparatively inferior results towards cryopreservability of buffalo semen may be due to its hypertonicity and osmotoxic effect induced by this higher level. As regards to refrigeration preservation, the overall mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed on dilution in TFYG based extender at (0- hr), and after 24, 48 and 72 hrs of refrigeration preservation of split-diluted semen samples were 79.22±0.37, 66.75±0.40, 58.02±0.43 and 50.20±0.49 respectively. The corresponding values for live spermatozoa were 84.79±0.31, 72.66±0.45, 63.53±0.48 and 55.99±0.51 %; abnormal sperms 5.17±0.46, 5.79±0.11, 7.05±0.12 and 8.56±0.13 %; intact acrosome 91.94±0.48, 89.85±0.18, 86.80±0.18 and 83.55±0.22 %, and HOST reactive sperm were 84.47±0.35, 72.00±0.46, 62.50±0.48 and 54.95±0.50%, respectively. All these traits differed highly significantly (P<0.01) between refrigeration intervals with progressive decline in sperm quality with increasing storage time. The mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed after 24 hrs of refrigeration storage in control TFYG extender and in extender having cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml were 62.37±0.66, 65.37±0.76, 70.00±0.69, 69.00 ±0.82 and 67.00±1.02, respectively. The corresponding live spermatozoa were 82.75 ±0.76, 84.27±0.66, 85.95±0.65, 86.17±0.64 and 84.80±0.82; abnormal sperms 68.60± 0.77, 72.05±0.92, 75.87±0.69, 75.05±0.93 and 71.75±1.17; intact acrosomes 89.75 ±0.31, 90.92±0.25, 91.72±0.32, 89.42±0.39 and 87.45±0.34; and HOS reactive sperms 67.35±0.70, 71.17±0.90, 75.30±0.93,74.37±1.00 and 71.80±1.13 %, respectively. The mean percentages of progressively motile spermatozoa observed after 72 hrs of refrigeration storage in control TFYG extender and in extender having cysteine 0.5 & 1 mg/ml and taurine 4 & 6 mg/ml vy^ere 44.57±0.92, 48.87±0.93, 55.00±0.85, 55.00± 0.82 and 47.62±0.91, respectively. The corresponding values for live spermatozoa were 50.47±1.03, 54.85±1.05, 60.50±0.85, 60.20±0.93 and 53.95±1.01; abnormal sperms 9.28±0.29, 8.30±0.25, 7.78±0.26, 8.23±0.31 and 9.23±0.24; intact acrosomes 83.10± 0.33, 85.10±0.29, 86.32±0.31, 82.50±0.47 and 79.75±0.39; and HOS reactive sperms 49.67±0.94, 53.40±0.94, 59.85±1.01, 59.00±0.82 and 52.77±0.99 %, respectively. Significantly higher progressive sperm motility, better viability, acrosome integrity and HOS reactivity with lesser sperm/acrosome abnormalities of buffalo spermatozoa were observed at all intervals of refrigeration storage (0-72 hrs) in semen diluted with standard TFYG extender having cysteine HCl 1 mg/ml or taurine 4 mg/ml as additive than with 0.5 mg/ml cysteine and 6 mg/ml taurine and both the additives maintained significantly better sperm quality when compared with non-added control TFYG diluents. Taurine 6 mg/ml at times revealed insignificant differences with control TFYG for some sperm parameters, particularly intact acrosome which was significantly depressed. Thus in general, TFYG with cysteine HCl 1.0 mg/ml or taurine 4.0 mg/ml has been considered as a better additive for refrigeration preservation, while cysteine HCl 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml was better for cryopreservation, while taurine at 6 mg/ml level was found to be detrimental/toxic to buffalo sperm particularly at post-thaw stage. Hence, standard TFYG diluent with cysteine HCl 1.0 mg/ml or taurine 4.0 mg/ml can be recommended as a better option for improved refrigeration and cryopreservation of buffalo semen. However, actual fertility trials are required to substantiate the present findings. Some of the interrelationships between sperm motility, viability, morphology, intact acrosome and plasma membrane integrity in fresh, refrigerated and cryopreserved buffalo semen were observed to be significant (P<0.01), which proved that initial motility and membrane integrity can be used as predicative measures in routine semen evaluation.ThesisItem Open Access RELATIVE EFFICACIES OF DIFFERENCES HORMONAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES IN REPEAT BREEDING DAIRY ANIMALS(AAU, Anand, 2015) PARMAR, CHIRAGKUMAR PRATAPSINH; PATEL, D. M.This study was carried out in villages of Amul as well as Panchamrut milk shed areas of Gujarat on 80 repeat breeding animals comprising 40 each cows and buffaloes, and 10 each normal cyclic cows and buffaloes (exhibiting oestrus within 90 days postpartum). The objectives were to evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of various hormonal approaches, viz., Ovsynch protocol, Mid cycle PGFaa, AI+hCG inj. and Progesterone inj. 5th day post-AI, and to monitor the influence of these therapies on plasma progesterone, biochemical and minerals profiles on different days of treatment in cows and buffaloes. Ten repeat breeding cows and buffaloes each with average body condition score (BCS) of 2.75 to 3.50, without visible and palpable genital abnormalities were treated initially once with SC injection of ivermection 100 mg, IM injection of 3.0 g enrofloxacin to check invisible genital infection, IM injection of inorganic phosphorus and multivitamins AD3E. Owners of the animals were supplied with multimineral bolus for PC use, one bolus on alternate day for four times. In Ovsynch protocol ten each repeat breeding cows and buffaloes were administered with IM inj. of Buserelin acetate 10 µg on day 0, inj. Cloprostenol 500 µg on day 7, and second inj. of Buserelin acetate 10 µg was given IM on day 9, followed by FTAI twice 0 and 24 hrs later. The conception rates obtained in cows at induced estrus, second estrus, third estrus and overall were 50.00 (5/10), 20.00 (1/5), 25.00 (1/4) and 70.00 (7/10) per cent, respectively. The corresponding values in buffaloes were 40.00 (4/10), 33.33 (2/6), 0.00 (0/4) and 60.00 (6/10). The mean intervals from PGFα injection to induced estrus in Ovsynch treated cows and buffaloes were 81.17±0.63 and 78.73±1.10 hrs, respectively, with cent per cent estrus response.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF EGG YOLK AND SOYA BASED EXTENDERS FOR REFRIGERATION (5 °C) AND CRYOPRESERVATION (-196 °C) OF BUFFALO SEMEN(AAU, Anand, 2014) CHAUDHARI, DINESHKUMAR V.; Dhami, A. J.The present investigation was undertaken during the favourable breeding season (November-February) of the year 2013-2014 on six mature Surti buffalo bulls at Central Sperm Station of Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Veterinary College, AAU, Anand. The study covered evaluation of seminal characteristics in neat semen and then comparative efficacy of egg yolk based standard TFYG (Tris-citric acid-fructoseegg yolk-glycerol) extender and soybean based commercially available extenders (Bioxcell® and Optixcell®, IMV, France) using split-ejaculate technique through various morphological and functional attributes of spermatozoa extended/preserved/ processed in these extenders for refrigeration preservation (at 5°C up to 72 hrs) and cryopreservation (-196°C), including interrelationships of quality sperm parameters of fresh, refrigerated and cryopreserved semen. Immediately after collection, the ejaculates (8 per bull) were evaluated for routine physico-morphological attributes, including motility, viability, morphology (eosinnigrosin), acrosomal integrity (Giemsa stain) and plasma membrane integrity (HOST 150 mOsm/L; an in vitro fertility test) through standard procedures and using phase contrast microscope.