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Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Anand Agricultural University (AAU) was established in 2004 at Anand with the support of the Government of Gujarat, Act No.(Guj 5 of 2004) dated April 29, 2004. Caved out of the erstwhile Gujarat Agricultural University (GAU), the dream institution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. K. M. Munshi, the AAU was set up to provide support to the farming community in three facets namely education, research and extension activities in Agriculture, Horticulture Engineering, product Processing and Home Science. At present there seven Colleges, seventeen Research Centers and six Extension Education Institute working in nine districts of Gujarat namely Ahmedabad, Anand, Dahod, Kheda, Panchmahal, Vadodara, Mahisagar, Botad and Chhotaudepur
AAU's activities have expanded to span newer commodity sectors such as soil health card, bio-diesel, medicinal plants apart from the mandatory ones like rice, maize, tobacco, vegetable crops, fruit crops, forage crops, animal breeding, nutrition and dairy products etc. the core of AAU's operating philosophy however, continues to create the partnership between the rural people and committed academic as the basic for sustainable rural development. In pursuing its various programmes AAU's overall mission is to promote sustainable growth and economic independence in rural society. AAU aims to do this through education, research and extension education. Thus, AAU works towards the empowerment of the farmers.
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ThesisItem Open Access THE EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING JIVANTI (Leptadenia reticulata) AND BYPASS FAT IN TOTAL MIXED RATION ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND MILK PRODUCTION OF SURTI GOATS(ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2017) DEVALIA BHARATKUMAR RAVJI; Dr. R. S. GUPTAThe study was conducted in two phases to evaluate the effect of feeding bypass fat and jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata) supplemented total mixed ration (TMR) comprising of 60: 40 concentrates: jowar hay for lactating Surti goats on feed intake, rumen fermentation, digestibility of nutrients, milk yield, feed conversion efficiency and cost of feeding.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOTAL MIXED RATION COMPRISING OF PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan) STRAW IN CATTLE(ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2016) CHETAN SINGH; Dr. R. S. GUPTAAn experiment was conducted for nutritional evaluation of arhar (pigeon pea) straw on twelve cattle. There were two treatments viz. T1 (control) having concentrate mixture (45%) + wheat straw (55%) and T2 (Treatment): concentrate mixture (30) + arhar straw (70). The growing cattle were fed as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards to meet their nutrient requirements in terms of DM, DCP and TDN.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOTAL MIXED RATION COMPRISING OF GRAM (Cicer Arietinum L.) STRAW IN CATTLE(ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2016) CHAUHAN PRAVINSINH A.; Dr. D. C. PATELAn experiment of 5 weeks duration was conducted for nutritional evaluation of gram (Cicer arietinum) straw on twelve cattle. The two treatments were T1 (control): concentrate mixture (45%) + wheat straw (55%) and T2 (Treatment): concentrate mixture (45%) + gram straw (80% replacement of wheat straw). Completely randomized design was followed. The growing cattle were fed as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards to meet nutrient requirement in terms of DM, DCP and TDN.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION IN TOTAL MIXED RATION ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND GROWTH(ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2016) HARSHALA A. THUBE; Dr. R.S. GUPTAThe present study was conducted in two phases to optimize the level of inclusion of fibrolytic enzymes in Surti kids. In Phase-I, in vitro studies were conducted to arrive at the optimum level of incorporation of fibrolytic enzymes in wheat straw based total mixed ration (TMR). On the basis of the results of in vitro fermentation of TMR incorporated fibrolytic enzymes at different levels used as substrate, the optimum level of each was selected, for the in vivo study (Phase II).ThesisItem Open Access METHANE MITIGATION IN BUFFALO ON LEGUME STRAW BASED TOTAL MIXED RATION(ANIMAL NUTRITION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANAND, 2016) Mitul V. Prajapati; Dr. P. R. PandyaThe study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding groundnut straw (Arachis hypogaea) based total mixed ration (TMR) on nutrients intake, digestibility of nutrients, rumen parameters, rumen microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane (CH4) emission in buffalo.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOTAL MIXED RATION COMPRISING OF PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan) STRAW IN CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 2016) SINGH, CHETAN; Gupta, R. S.An experiment was conducted for nutritional evaluation of arhar (pigeon pea) straw on twelve cattle. There were two treatments viz. T1 (control) having concentrate mixture (45%) + wheat straw (55%) and T2 (Treatment): concentrate mixture (30) + arhar straw (70). The growing cattle were fed as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards to meet their nutrient requirements in terms of DM, DCP and TDN. The data for DM intake kg/day/animal, kg/100 kg body weight and g/kg W0.75 were 3.88 and 4.05 (P<0.05); 2.58 and 2.62 (P>0.05) & 90.91 and 92.58 (P<0.05) for T1 (control) and T2 (treatment) group, respectively. Average daily CP, DCP and TDN intakes were 448.33 and 465.37 g; 278.45 and 310.98g and 2.10 and 2.21 kg in T1 and T2, respectively. The data for total and average daily weight gain were 15.83 and 19.42 kg and 452.38 and 554.76 g in T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The results revealed significant difference (P<0.G5) between treatment and control group for daily CP intake and TDN intake as well as total and average daily weight gain. These data suggested that feeding of TMR with arhar straw had significant effect on feed and nutrients intake as well as growth. The results for rumen fermentation pattern revealed that SRL pH was lower in T1 (6.47) than T2 (6.66). However, the reverse trend was observed for TVFA contents (14.48 and 14.40mM/dl in T1 and T2, respectively) in both the groups. The treatment differences for pH and TVFA were non-significant (P>0.05). The average values of NH3-N, total-N and protein-N concentrations under T2 (13.24, 71.77 and 44.92 mg/dl, respectively) were higher as compared to T1 (11.68, 66.49 and 42.82 mg/dl, respectively). However, the difference between treatments for total-N (P<0.05) and NH3-N (P<0.01) were significant and for protein-N were non-significant.ThesisItem Open Access METHANE MITIGATION THROUGH FEEDING LEGUME STRAW BASED TOTAL MIXED RATION SUPPLEMENTED WITH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION BIOMASS IN CROSSBRED CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 2016) SHERASIA, PANKAJ L; Pandya, Paresh RThe study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding groundnut straw (Arachis hypogaea) based total mixed ration (TMR) supplemented with solid state fermentation (SSF) biomass on nutrients intake, digestibility of nutrients, rumen parameters, rumen microbial protein synthesis and enteric methane (CH4) emission in crossbred cattle. In order to optimize the level of inclusion of groundnut straw for maximum DM and OM digestibility and minimum CH4 production, the groundnut straw was incorporated from 10 to 60% in the TMRs replacing wheat straw. After optimizing the level of inclusion of groundnut straw, the TMRs were formulated with optimum level of groundnut straw and different level of SSF biomass (1 to 10%). Based on maximum in vitro DM and OM digestibility and minimum in vitro methane production, optimum level for inclusion of SSF biomass was also worked out.In vitro studies with different levels (10-60%) of groundnut straw revealed that apparent and true dry matter digestibility improved at all inclusion levels of groundnut straw in TMRs, as compared to control group. However, a significant (P<0.05) improvement in apparent (10.43%) and true (9.51%) DM digestibility was observed at inclusion of 30% groundnut straw, replacing 30% wheat straw in TMR. Similarly, in vitro methane production decreased in all groundnut straw based TMRs, compared to TMR without groundnut straw (2.89 ml/100 mg DM), and the highest decrease (2.61 ml/100 mg DM) was observed at 30% inclusion level, which was significantly (P<0.01) lower by 9.69% than the value observed in control group. Thus, TMR with 30% groundnut straw, 30% wheat straw and 40%) concentrate was further studied with different levels of SSF biomass. In vitro studies with 30%) groundnut straw and different levels of SSF biomass (1-10%)) indicated that apparent and true dry matter digestibility improved significantly (P<0.0]) by 14.36 and 12.92%>, respectively at 5.0%) inclusion levels of SSF biomass. Similarly, in vitro CH4 production of TMRs with 30%o groundnut straw and different level of SSF biomass revealed that the highest decrease in in vitro CH4 production (1.67 ml/100 mg DM) was observed at 5.0%) inclusion level of SSF biomass, which was significantly lower by 16.91%o (P<0.01) than the value observed in control group. Based on the overall results of in vitro studies, TMR with ratio of 40:30:30 for concentrates: wheat straw: groundnut straw with 5.0% SSF biomass was used for further in vivo studies. In vivo experiment was conducted on 6 adult crossbred cattle for 120 days, using Switch Over Design. The animals in control group (T1) were fed TMR with 40%) concentrate and 60% wheat straw. The animals in experimental group T2 were fed TMR with 40% concentrate, 30% wheat straw and 30% groundnut straw, whereas, animals in T3 group were fed as T2 with 5.0%) SSF biomass, replacing wheat straw on part basis. At every fortnight interval, the amount of SSF biomass in group T3 was adjusted depending upon the activity of carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme to ensure the uniform supply of enzyme activity throughout the experiment.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FIBROLYTIC ENZYMES SUPPLEMENTATION IN TOTAL MIXED RATION ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN KIDS(AAU, Anand, 2016) THUBE, HARSHALA A.; GUPTA, R. S.The present study was conducted in two phases to optimize the level of inclusion of fibrolytic enzymes in Surti kids. In Phase-I, in vitro studies were conducted to arrive at the optimum level of incorporation of fibrolytic enzymes in wheat straw based total mixed ration (TMR). On the basis of the results of vitro fermentation of TMR incorporated fibrolytic enzymes at different levels used as substrate, the optimum level of each was selected, for the in vivo study (Phase II). Eighteen Surti kids of similar body weight were randomly allotted in to two groups of nine each and were individually fed for 15 days under preliminary period and 120 days experimental period to meet their energy and protein requirements as per ICAR (1998) standards. The kids were fed TMR with no fibrolytic enzymes (T1); and TMR with 0.05% fibrolytic enzymes (T2) The average daily DM1 of kids in T1 and T2 groups during digestion trial was 659.33 ± 8.11 and 649.13 ±6.61 g and when expressed as kg/100 kg body weight was 4.44 ± 0.11 and 4.20 ± 0.0.05 and the same in terms of g/kg W0.75 was recorded as 87.11 ± 1.48 and 83.29 ± 0.70. The DM intake of experimental kids did not differ significantly (P>0.05) when expressed in terms of absolute intake or intake per 100 kg body weight. However, when expressed in terms of DMI/ kg metabolic body weight a significant difference was noted. The average digestibility coefficients (%) of nutrients in T1 and T2 groups were 60.83 ± 1.24 and 60.89 ± 0.99 for DM, 63.99±1.17 and 64.49±0.94 for OM, 64.17 ± 1.14 and 64.26 ± 0.88 for CP, 45.50 ± 2.08 and 49.90 ± 2.02 for CF, 71.77 ± 1.00 and 72.18 ± 0.66 for NFE, 54.77 ± 1.69 and 59.76±0.84 for NDF, 47.99 ±2.16 and 52.39 ± 2.03 for ADF and 69.45 ± 1.74 and 73.12 ± 1.26 for HC of experimental kids under T1 and T2 groups respectively. The cumulative DM I of experimental Surti kids was 77.40±1.07 and 77.10±0.68 kg/head for 120 days in T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The treatment groups did not differ from each other. The average conversion efficiency for DM (kg/kg gain) was 8.63 ± 0.22 and 7.73 ± 0.27, forCP (kg/kg gain) was 0.94 ±0.10 and 0.91 ± 0.09, for DCP 0.67 ± 0.03, and 0.62 ± 0.03 and for TDN (kg/kg gain) was 5.07 ± 0.20 and 4.59 ± 0.20 in T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The groups differed significantly (P<0.01) from each other. The average daily gain was 78.24 ± 2.25 and 86.36 ± 2.98 g in T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The treatment groups differed significantly (P<0.01) from each other. The increase in the body measurements viz. increase in body length and height at wither of Surti kids under T2 group was numerically higher in comparison to Surti kids under T1. However, the heart girth was significantly higher (p<0.05) in T2 group as compared to T1 (control). The respective values of T1 and T2 groups for rumen parameters: pH (6.34 and 6.20); total N (79.85 and 90.06 mg/dL); NH3-N (19.42 and 23.86 mg/dL), non protein nitrogen (12.72 and 15.42 mg/dL), TCA precipitable-N (38.18 and 44.01 mg/dL) and total volatile fatty acids (7.41 and 9.07 mM/dL), under the treatment groups differed significantly (P<0.05) from each other except for rumen pH. The blood samples collected during experimental feeding, the average total protein, average albumin, average globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, BUN, urea and creafinine concentrations were 6.24 ± 0.33 and 6.02 ± 0.17 g/dL, 3.26 ± 0.08 and 3.29 ± 0.07 g/dL. 2.99 ± 0.28 and 2.73 ±0.16 g/dL. 50.65 ± 1.35 and 50.95± 1.09 mg/dL, 53.55 ± 2.81 and 53.60 ± 2.07, 37.95 ± 2.02 and 39.30 ±1.10 mg/dL 14.37 ±0.54 and 12.51 ± 0.39, 30.80 ± 1.16 and 26.80 ± 0.83 and 0.80 ± 0.02 and 0.74 ± 0.03 in T1 and T2 group, respectively, which did not differ from each other. The average values (U/L; mean ± SE) of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SCOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of experimental Surti kids in T1 and T2 groups were 31.25 ± 1.18 and 29.25 ± 0.57, 78.10 ± 1.98 and 80.00 ± 2.30, 69.78 ± 8.30 and 48.72 ± 3.25, respectively. The values were comparable between the two dietary treatment groups. These liver enzyme profiles are considered generally as indicators of alterations in body tissue and organs especially that of the pathological changes. The feed cost in terms of Rs/kg gain in T1 and T2 groups was Rs. 134.29 ± 3.33 and 127.25 ± 4.43, respectively. The feed cost per unit gain was statistically lower in group supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes than the control kids (P<0.05). The results indicated that inclusion of fibrolytic enzymes @ 0.05% in TMR (60:40 concentrate: roughage) for growing Surti kids resulted in 10.38% better growth, improved rumen fermentation, increased digestibility of CF and fibre fractions significantly and feed conversion efficiency with 5.53% reduction in feed cost per kg gain in weight as compared to control group.ThesisItem Open Access NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOTAL MIXED RATION COMPRISING OF PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan) STRAW IN CATTLE(AAU, Anand, 2016) CHETAN SINGH; Dr. R. S. GUPTAAn experiment was conducted for nutritional evaluation of arhar (pigeon pea) straw on twelve cattle. There were two treatments viz. T1 (control) having concentrate mixture (45%) + wheat straw (55%) and T2 (Treatment): concentrate mixture (30) + arhar straw (70). The growing cattle were fed as per ICAR (1998) feeding standards to meet their nutrient requirements in terms of DM, DCP and TDN. The data for DM intake kg/day/animal, kg/100 kg body weight and g/kg W0.75 were 3.88 and 4.05 (P<0.05); 2.58 and 2.62 (P>0.05) & 90.91 and 92.58 (P<0.05) for T1 (control) and T2 (treatment) group, respectively. Average daily CP, DCP and TDN intakes were 448.33 and 465.37 g; 278.45 and 310.98g and 2.10 and 2.21 kg in T1 and T2, respectively. The data for total and average daily weight gain were 15.83 and 19.42 kg and 452.38 and 554.76 g in T1 and T2 groups, respectively. The results revealed significant difference (P<0.05) between treatment and control group for daily CP intake and TDN intake as well as total and average daily weight gain. These data suggested that feeding of TMR with arhar straw had significant effect on feed and nutrients intake as well as growth. The results for rumen fermentation pattern revealed that SRL pH was lower in T1 (6.47) than T2 (6.66). However, the reverse trend was observed for TVFA contents (14.48 and 14.40mM/dl in T1 and T2, respectively) in both the groups. The treatment ii differences for pH and TVFA were non-significant (P>0.05). The average values of NH3-N, total-N and protein-N concentrations under T2 (13.24, 71.77 and 44.92 mg/dl, respectively) were higher as compared to T1 (11.68, 66.49 and 42.82 mg/dl, respectively). However, the difference between treatments for total-N (P<0.05) and NH3-N (P<0.01) were significant and for protein-N were non-significant. The values for digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, EE and CF were 55.88 and 57.63 %, 59.71 and 61.19 %, 68.48 and 69.08 %, 56.87 and 56.95 % (P>0.05) for T1 and T2, respectively. These data suggested that the digestibility was slightly higher in T2compared to T1. The digestibility of CP was 62.11 and 66.83 %, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 than T1. The respective data for digestibility of NFE, NDF and ADF were60.06 and 61.19%, 57.33 and 57.89 % & 45.24 and 47.21 % under T1 and T2and were statistically non-significant (P>0.05). The efficiency of feed utilization (DM intake per kg gain) was superior in T2 (7.22kg) in comparison to T1 (8.68 kg). The values for CP, DCP and TDN intake per kg weight gain were 0.99, 0.62 and 4.65 kg in control group (T1) and 0.84, 0.56 and 3.98 kg in treatment group (T2), respectively. The treatment differences for DM, CP and TDN intake per kg gain were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). However, DCP intake was non-significant (P>0.05). The cattle fed TMR incorporated with arhar straw as a roughage source required 16.82% less DM, 15.15% less CP, 9.68% less DCP and 14.40% less TDN for per kg gain in weight in comparison to cattle fed control TMR (T1) and the treatment differences were significant (P<0.05). The daily cost of feeding was Rs 48.80 and 42.66, while cost of feeding (Rs/kg gain) was 108.27 and 76.94, respectively in T1 and T2 group. The daily cost of iii feeding (Rs/animal) and cost of feeding (Rs/kg gain) was lower in T2 (P<0.05) in comparison to T1.The daily feed cost was 14.39% less for cattle fed TMR incorporated with arhar straw as roughage source (T2) in comparison to cattle fed control TMR (T1).The daily feed cost Rs/kg gain was reduced by 40.72%in cattle fed arhar straw based TMR (T2) in comparison to cattle fed control TMR (T1). These findings suggested that cattle can be raised economically by feeding arhar straw based TMR with improvement in growth rate, better feed efficiency in terms of DM, CP, DCP and TDN required per kg gain with reduction in daily feed cost by 14.39% and feed cost Rs/kg gain by 40.72% in comparison to cattle fed control TMR (T1).
