Thumbnail Image

B.Tech Theses

Browse

2015 - 2019282020 - 20231
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 29
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF BIO-FORMULATIONS USING NATIVE BIO-CONTROL AGENTS (BCAs) FOR THE BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FALSE SMUT AND STEM ROT DISEASES OF RICE
    (PROFFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2023-09-26) Sowmya, V.; Kannan, C.
    Rice stem rot and false smut diseases are caused by Sclerotium hydrophilum and Ustilaginoidea virens are major threat to the rice cultivation in almost all the major rice growing regions of the country. Detailed investigations were carried out on symptomatology, cultural and morphological characters of the pathogen, and their molecular identity through ITS primers and sequences were subjected to sanger sequencing and submitted to NCBI revealed similarity with Sclerotium hydrophilum SHPS1 and Ustilaginoidea virens UVPS1 (Accession number: OP480227, OP480796). Rhizosphere microflora were isolated and studied cultural, morphological and biochemical parameters and tested their antagonistic activity against the test pathogens under in-vitro and glass house conditions in susceptible rice varietiey TN1. Among fourteen isolates, P14 showed maximum production of IAA (7.37 μg/ ml), PS (67.26 μg/ml), siderophores (49.02 % siderophore units), biofilm production (1.35 OD600nm), and HCN (0.047 OD620nm). Molecular identification of potential isolate, nucleotide sequencing, NCBI BLAST, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of the bioagent as Pseudomonas otitidis POPS 1 (Accession number: ON782043). The antagonistic activity of isolated potential Pseudomonasisolate P14 along with standard bioagents viz., Trichoderma isolate (TAIK1) Bacillus isolate (BIK3) and Pseudomonas isolate (PIK1) collected from ICAR-IIRR culture collections were tested for their efficacy against S. hydrophilum and U. virens, their interaction was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phytohormones released from the bioagents were analysed using LC-ESI MS/MS. Potential isolate POPS1 along with TAIK1, BIK3 and PIK1 were screened for phytohormones secretion into their growth media. The selected potential bioagents (POPS1, TAIK1, BIK3, and PIK1) were tested against S. hydrophilum and U. virens under glass house conditions in rice susceptible variety TN1. The results showed that among different treatments, combination of four bioagents consortia was most effective in promoting plant growth viz., shoot length and root length in TN1 variety at two seasons (Rabi 2020-21 and Kharif 2021-22). Furthermore, secondary metabolites of PIK1 were extracted and characterized. A novel compound, 2-Methyl Pyrazine (2MP), was identified and confirmed using Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and High-resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS). The purified 2MP and 6-Pentyl Pyrone (6PP) from TAIK1 were tested for their bio efficacy against S. hydrophilum and U. virens under in vitro conditions. To enhance the efficacy of the bioagents and metabolites, micro and nano encapsulated formulations were developed using extrusion, emulsification, and spray drying methods. The most efficient method was standardized, resulting in microencapsulated spores of TAIK1 and bacterial cells of PIK1, as well as nanoencapsulated 6PP and 2MP. The encapsulated formulations were then tested under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions against stem rot and false smut diseases using rice variety TN1 in a glasshouse. The stability and long-term storage ability of the microencapsulated formulations were demonstrated, with minimal decrease in population density over 90 days. The combination of microencapsulated TAIK1 and PIK1 exhibited the highest plant growth promotion and yield parameters. Nanoencapsulated 6PP showed strong inhibition of pathogen growth. The study also investigated changes in physiological parameters, soil enzymes, and chemical properties upon bioformulations treatment. Significant improvements were observed in plants treated with microencapsulated formulations, and there was a positive correlation between soil properties and plant growth promotion, and a highly negative relation with PDI percent of stem rot disease, indicated that change in soil properties upon encapsulated formulations has an impact on pathogen development and disease severity. Moreover, the research explored the impact of false smut disease and microencapsulated bioagent treatment on grain quality and panicle topology. The combination of MET + MEP treatment showed the most significant changes in these parameters. The whole-genome sequencing of PIK1 provided insights into its multifaceted activities and identified genes associated with various functions, including phytohormone production,secondary metabolite secretion, CRISPR/Cas genes, adhesion, detoxification, virulence-related, some volatiles and toxins, and antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, TAIK1 and PIK1 show promising potential as biocontrol agents against S. hydrophilum and U. virens in rice. The encapsulation of these bioagents enhances their efficacy, with nanoencapsulated 6PP being particularly effective in disease suppression. However, further research is needed for the commercial production and application of nano-encapsulated metabolite formulations at the farmer level. This thesis contributes valuable knowledge to the field of agricultural biocontrol and opens new avenues for sustainable disease management in rice cultivation
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE OF CAPSICUM (Capsicum annum var. grossum L.) UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING ENVIRONMENTS AND FERTIGATION LEVELS
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) KUMARA SWAMY, S.; SRINIVASKUMAR, K.
    Protectedcultivationofvegetablessuffersfrom sustainableyieldsdueto lackof optimized fertigation levels in semiarid tropics in general and Southern Telangana in particular. In the present study, an experiment was carried out to assess the effect of microclimateontheperformanceofcapsicum(Capsicumammm var.grossumL.)under differentgrowingenvironments and fertigationlevelsatHorticulturegarden, Collegeof Agriculture,Rajendranagar,Hyderabadduring Rabi,2017. Theexperimentwascarried outinthreesubexperimentsofpolyhouse,shadenethouseandopenfieldconditionwith randomizedblockdesignconsistingoffourtreatmentsreplicatedthricetokeeptheerror degreeoffreedominlimits.Theexperimentalsoilissandyclayloamwithlowavailable nitrogenandhighavailablephosphorousandpotassium,respectively.Treatmentsimposed inallthethreegrowingenvironmentsare100%RDF(T1), 125%RDF(T2), 150%RDF (T3)byfertigationand_100%RDF(T4) by soil application. Acommondoseof60kgP205 ha‘lwasappliedasacommonbasaldosetoallthetreatments.Incaseofsoilapplication treatment (T4), nitrogen was applied in three equal splits at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting,followedbypotassiuminthreesplits@30,25and25kgK20ha",respectively.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT ORIFICES AND MOUTHPIECES
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) Farecdl Ahmed. Md et.al.; SHIVAKUMAR, A.
    Reservoirsortankscanbecontrolledbynumberofhydraulicstructures,such assluicegates,weirs,pipesandorifices.Thesetypesofstructuresmaybeclassified intotwogroups.Inonegroup,the flowtakesplaceunderpressurethrougha fixed crosssectionasisthecasefororifices,nozzles,shorttubes,sluicewaysandgates.The second group includes cases in which the flow occurs through an initially undeterminedcrosssection,suchasoverweirs,spillways,chutesanddropstructures (Simon,1981). . In this studythe determination ofcoefficient ofdischarge, coefficient of velocityand coefficientofcontractionoforifices and coefficientofdischarge of differentmouthpiecesaretakenintoconsideration. Themeanvalues ofcoefficientofdischargeby constanthead method of Bourda,Converging-diverging,mouthpiecewith1/d=4,mouthpiecewith1/d=2.5are 0.79, 0.75, 0.8, 0.82 with Coefficient ofvariation 3.11, 3.98, 7.2, 6.7 percentage respectively.ThemeanvaluesofcoefficientofdischargebyTimefallmethodof Bourda,Converging-diverging,mouthpiecewith1/d=4,mouthpiecewith1/d=2.5are 0.84,0.81,0.86,0.86withCoefficientofvariation168, 1.97,4.77,3.18percentage respectively. Themeanvalues ofcoefficientofdischargeby constantheadmethod of Orificeof12mmandOrificeof10mmare0.78and0.66withCoefficientofvariation 7.04and3.86respectively.ThemeanvaluesofcoefficientofdischargebyTimeof fall method ofOrifice of 12mm and Orifice of10mm are 0.65 and 0.66 with Coefficient ofvariation 1.90 and 2.49 percentrespectively. Themeanvalues of CoefficientofvelocityofOrifices of12mm and 10mm are0.98 and 0.98 with Coefficientofvariation 1.82 and 1.64percentrespectively. Themean values of CoefficientofcontractionofOrificesof12mmand 10mmare0.79and0.67with Coefficientofvariation8.0and4.19percentrespectively. The Coefficient ofvariation is lowerin Bourda Mouthpiece followed by Converging-diverging, mouthpiece with 1/d=4, mouthpiece with 1/d=2.5. The CoefficientofvariationislowerinOrificeof101nmcomparedtoOrifice12mm. Keywords: Orifice,Mouthpiece,coefficientofdischarge,Coefficientofvelocity, Coefficientofcontraction.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL LED SOLAR DRYER FOR PREPARATION OF LADDU FROM GREEN GRAM SPROUTS
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) HEMALATHA, K. et.al.; VENKATREDDY, K.
    GreengramisoneoftheimportantpulsecropsofIndia.Greengramisaproteinrich staplefood. Itcontainsabout25percentprotein,whichisalmostthreetimesthatofcereals. Sproutsarerichinnutritionandarecalledlivingfood.Theycontainenzymesandaresourceof manyaminoacidsandvitamins.Atthesametime,theyarepronetomicrobialgrowthbecauseof high moisture content and nutrition. Their shelflife is less than 6 hours. Also, they have characteristicpulseodourwhichmakesthemunacceptablebysomepeople in itsraw form particularlychildren. LadduisapopularproductinIndiamadefrompulseorcereal flours,sugarandother ingredients.Greengramsproutscanbedriedandmadeintoladdususingjaggary,gheeandother llavoringagentslikecinnamonorcardamom. Thegreengramsproutsdryingcanbetakenupusingsundrying.But,withsundrying thereisachanceofcontaminationandconstantsupervisionisrequired.Thedriedproductmay heunhygienic.Conventionaldriersliketraydryer,kitchendryerordrumdryercanbeusedfor drying.But,theyarecostlyandenergyintensive.Asolardryercanbemadeinvillageswiththe locallyavailablematerialslikeMSangleironpieces,metalsheet,aluminum,glassandwood. Inaconvectiontypesolardryer,thedryeref fi ciency iscontinuouslychangingduringthe drying process due to changes in solar radiation and atmospheric temperature. At drying temperaturesmorethan550C,thenutritionalqualityofsproutsdecreases.KeepingthisinView, atemperaturecontrollermodulewithatemperaturesensorwithcutofftemperatureof50°Chas beendeveloped.Usingthismodule,temperatureofthesolardryerwaskeptbelow500Cfor dryingsprouts.Driedsproutswereground,sievedandladduswerepreparedwithjaggerysyrup at60°Brix,70°Brix&80°Brix.Ladduswerestored14daysfordeterminingtheirshelflife. From the results, it is observed that temperature controlled solar dryer is most recommendedcomparedtotraydryerandsundrying.Fromthesensoryevaluation,itisobserved thatwith70°Brixjaggerysyrup,greengramsproutsladduwasacceptablefortasteandoverall acceptance.Theshelflifeoftheproductwasgoodfortheobservationalperiodof14days.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY OF COMBINE HARVESTER IN PADDY CULTIVATION
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) SAGAR, M. et.al.; SRILATHA, CH.
    The present studies entitled “ECONOMICAL FEASIABILITY OF COMBINE HARVESTERINPADDYCULTIVATION”Wasundertakenmainlytostudycostsand returnsofpaddyunder conventional and combineharvester, economicviabilityofPaddy combine harvester. Medak district was purposively chosen for the study as it has considerableareaunderpaddyandmorethan85percentofpaddyareaisharvestedwith combineharvester.Thetop3mandalaswereselectedpurposivelyonthebasisofareaunder paddycultivation.OnevillagefromeachselectedmandalwerechosenpurposivelyPaddy farmersfromeachvillagewererandomlyselectedandthusmakingthetotalsamplesizeto 30.Theinformationpertainingtocombineharvesterwerecollectedfromthe10combine harvesterowners Tabularanalysis,partialbudgetinganddiscountedprojectevaluationtechniqueswere usedtostudycosts,returns, and economicfeasibilityofthepaddyandcombineharvester respectively. ThetotalcostsexpendedperacreofpaddystoodatRs.25850.18andRs.22445.92 withmanualandcombineharvestermethodsofharvestingrespectively.Thegrossincome andnetincomeperacrewereRs.38770/—andRs.12919.82/—respectivelywithConventional method as against Rs.35770/— and Rs.13067.38/— respectively per acre using Combine harvestermethod.TheretumsperrupeeinvestedwerehigherinCombineharvester(1.58) comparedtoConventionalmethod(1.50).Thenetgainduetomechanizedharvestingusing combineharvesterwasRs.147.56/—peracre. Ifthenetavailabilityoftheareawouldbeabout 1000hectarethentherespective paybackperiodwouldbeaboutoneyear.Thenetpresentworthwashighandrangedfrom Rs.9,69,426/—at 12percenttoRs. 8397097at24percentdiscountrates.Thebenefitcost ratiowasmorethanunityatallthediscountrates.Theinternalrateofreturnwasfoundtobe 23.79%whichwasmuchhigherthanthebankrateofinterest(12percent)onlongtermloans Themajorproblemsencounteredin farmmechanizationinricecultivationwere highinvestmentonfarmmachineriesfollowedbynotsuitableforsmallsizedholders.Fodder losswasanothermajorproblemduetouseofcombineharvesterforharvesting. Custom hiringwastheproblemduehighhiringchargesoffarmequipmentsormachineries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    APPLICATION OF GIS IN WATER i NETWORKING WITH LAND USE AND LAND COVER ANALYSIS
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) AkshaySagar, J et.al.; ManojKumar, G.
    ement,maintenance,manipulationandpresentationofgeographicdataandor informationTheuseofthesetechnologiesisknowntosimplifydecisionmakingtoa nontechnicallevelandtosupportthestakeholdersinsustainable-orienteddecision making. recently, ithasbecomeclearthatGlS,togetherwith Global positioning systems(GPS), aerialphotography,remotesensingtechniques,andotherspatially relatedtoolsfordecisionmaking,comprisealargerarrayofcomplementarytoolsthat canbegroupedtogetherunderthemorecomprehensive.GlobalPositioningSystems Formakingthevectormapof“LandUseLandCovermappingwithDrainage NetworkofSangareddyDistrict.Allstreamsofselectedboundarywasshownby thematiclayer” firstwelearnedsomepre-requisitetechnicalaspectslikeARCGIS. AftergettingtheDEMimagefromtheopentopograpyit wasconvertedintovector datawithrequiredfeaturesasborders,Polygonsandstreamlinesetc.Allthefeatures are represented on the map with the required data finally all the features were representedwiththethematiclayermapandthemapwasshowedwith the legendand north arrow.Thefinalresultswereexplainedwiththecleardata.Allthefeatures were represented onthe mapwithlabelsandsymbolsand finallytheanalysiswas done.Thestreamlinesandwaterbodieswassaidtobewaterstoragereservoirforthe sakeofirrigationorotherpurposes.Theresultfoundedwasflowdirectionandwater storageusingstreamlinesandLandUseLandCovermappingwasdonetofindthe Individualfeature
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    STUDY OF THE STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS BY UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) KIRAN, P. et.al.; VENKAT REDDY, K.
    ManyagriculturalmaterialsarebeingintensivelyusedinagriculturalOperationsandfor the construction ofagricultural structures. These include shade nets, mulching materials, polyhousecoveringmaterials,drippipes,lateralsetc.Allthesematerialswillhaveastandard strengthandlimitofelongationorcompressionbeyondwhichtheyfailtoexistintheoriginal form .‘the study ofthesestrengths and elongation characteristics is veryimportant in the selectionofaparticularmaterialforaspecifieduseandhencethemeasurementofstrengthof thesematerials.Manyfactorslikeenvironmental,animal,culturalactseffectsonthestability ofthesematerials. The present study was conducted to obtain the strengths ofdifferent agricultural materialsusingUniversalTestingMachine. Theresultswereobtainedbyconductingtensileand compressiontestsondifferent agricultural materials with load at distance and distance at load conditions, to obtainthe maximumpermissiblebreakingstrengthandcompressionstrengthofthematerials.Underload atdistance condition tensiletest, Polyhousecoveringmaterial of20micronthicknesshas extended up to 187.8 mm and the maximum permissible load ofelongation on it was 0.10kN—mandof40micronisupto229.73mmat0.15kN—m.Shadenet25%hasextendedup to45.86mmandthemaximumpermissibleloadofelongationonitwas0.22kN-m.Shadenet 35%—23.75mm,O.28kN—m.Shadenet50%-36.12mm,0.28kN-m.Shadenet75%— 19.55 mm, 0.29kN-m. Shadenet90% -75.32mm, 0.31kN-m. Multipurposemulchingmaterial 15.60mm,0.26kN-mLoadsrespectively.Duringcompressiontest,driplateralofdiameter16 mmandthicknessof1.18mmhascompressedupto12.83mmandthemaximumpermissible loadofcompressiononitwas0.39kN—m.Driplateralofdiameter16mmandthicknessof1.14 mm14.19mm,0.37kN-m.Driplateralofdiameter16mmandthicknessof1.67m—10.75 mm,0.38kN—m.Driplateralofdiameter6mm—5.19mm,0.39kN-m. Fordistanceatloadconditiontensiletest,multipurposemulchinghasextendedupto 6.23mmandthemaximumpermissibleloadofelongationonitwas0.26kN—m.Polyhouse coveringmaterialof20micronthickness-185.22mm,0.12kN—m.Polyhousecoveringmaterial of40micronthickness-211.75mm,0.14kN—m.Shadenet25%-23.16mm,0.23l
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIRECT PADDY DRUM SEEDER
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) DURGA DEVI, L. et.al.; BASAVARAJ
    Fieldexperimentswereconductedondirectsownpaddyusingeight-rowdrum seederunderpuddledconditioninfarmer’s fieldatChirnnapurvillageinSangareddydistrict, Telangana. The direct seeding and transplanting arethetwo general methods ofplanting. Transplanting methodinvolves seedbed preparation, nursery growing, careofseedlings in nursery,uprootingofseedlings,haulingandtransplantingoperations.Thepreparationofseedbed and sowing were done 30 days before theplanting. The farmers facing problems during transplanting are shortage oflabour during peak time, hike in labour charges; small and fragmentedlandholdingsetc.Forwetdrumseedingthepaddyseedsweresoakedinwaterfor24 hoursandincubatedfor24-48hours.Thesesproutedseedsweresowninpuddledfield1—2days afterpuddlingusingeightrowdirectpaddydrumseeder.Thedirectpaddydrumseederwas testedinlaboratory.Thelaboratorycalibrationwascarriedoutwithdifferentcombinationsof drumfillsvia,90,75,50percentandtravelspeedviz.,1.1kmh“,1.35kmh“,and1.6kmh". Fromthelaboratorycalibrationtestthecombinationof75%drumfilland1.1kmh"speedwere selectedforfieldevaluationofdrumseeder.TheSoakingofseedsfor24hoursandincubationof seedsfor48hourswasresultedinincreaseinseedweightby6.2percent.Thetheoretical field capacityandeffectivefieldcapacityofthedrumseederwereobserved0.187hah'1and0.128ha h"respectively.Thefieldefficiencyoftheseederwas68.56percent.Thecostofoperationof drumseederisRs.25.21/—perhourandRs.197/—perhectare.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Technical ReportItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF READY TO SERVE BEVERAGE FROM RICE BROKENS
    (PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2017) RavaliReddy, M. et.al.; VenkatReddy, K.
    ydrates,proteins,fats, fibers,minerals,vitamins.Ithashighdigestability,biological value.Ricehusk,ricebranandbrokenricearethemainby-productsofthericeindustry. "Ricebeverage”wasmadefrombrokenricebysoaking,cookingandblendingwithwater, whichwasdeveloped“asanewliquidfoodmaterial.Rawbrokenriceishardtobechewed andeatenunlikecookedrice.Valueaddedproductslikericebeverageispreparedfrom brokenriceinordertoimprovethevalueofbrokenrice. Brokenricehaslowcostwhen comparedwithwholegrainrice.ThereforericebeverageaRTS(readytoserve)beverage madefromriceslurry. Broken rice samples of 1kg were soaked for lhr,2hr & 3hr and cooked with 1:1,1:2,1:3partsofwaterat80°Cfor15minuponadditionof0.22%(wt)ofa-amylase.The resultantmixtureofeachsamplewasblendedwith1:1,1:2,1:3partsofwateranddrained. 0.33% (wt) ofXanthangumwas addedto thepreparedbrokenricebeverageto prevent settling ofparticles in it. Physico chemical properties were analysed as: The blending conditionshavesignificanteffect(p<0.0001)onpHvaluesofbrokenricebeverage.ThepH valuesincreased astheblendingratioincreased.Theblendingconditionshavesignificant effectonTSSvaluesofbrokenricebeverage.TheTSSvaluesdecreasedastheblendingratio increased. Soakingperiod has significant effect on titrable acidityvalues ofbroken rice beverage. Titrable aciditiy values increased as the soaking period increased. Overall acceptabilityofsample81washigherwhencomparedtoS2andthesampleSlisthebest.