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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutritional Evaluation of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) and its Supplementary Effect on In Vitro Digestibility of Crop Residues and total Mixed Ration
    (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 2014-06-15) Kavya, K.; Prabhu, T.M.; Gideon Gloridoss, R.; Chandrapal Singh, K.; Rajeshwari, Y.B.; Siddramanna
    The objective of the study was nutritional evaluation of Azolla pinnata and its supplementary effect on the metabolizable energy (ME) and digestibility of the crop residues and total mixed ration (TMR) by rumen in vitro gas production technique and modified in vitro two stage digestion technique, respectively. Three different types of diets were formulated using either crop residues alone or combination of crop residue and Compounded feed mixture (CFM). The first type of diet comprised of only roughage which was supplemented with 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% azolla. The second type of diet consisted of TMR, where roughage and CFM taken in the ratio of 60:40 and the CFM portion was replaced with 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% azolla. The third type of diet consisted of TMR, where roughage and CFM taken in the ratio of 60:40 and the roughage portion was replaced with 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% azolla. The CP, CF, EE, TA, NFE (on %DMB) contents of azolla were at a level of 21.66, 15.15, 4.41, 17.84 and 40.79, respectively. The NDF, ADF, ADL and biogenic silica (on %DMB) content of azolla were found to be 54.86, 36.5, 24.03 and 3.34, respectively. Azolla was found to contain 1.64 % Ca, 0.34 % Mg, 2.71 % K, 9.1 ppm Cu, 325 ppm of Zn, 1569 ppm of Fe, 8.11 ppm of Co, 5.06 ppm of Cr, 2418 ppm of Mn, 31 ppm of Bo, 5.33 ppm Ni, 8.1 ppm of Pb, 1.2 ppm of Cd and also rich in all essential amino acids. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of azolla was found to be 54.49 per cent and the ME content was found to be 5.44 MJ/kg DM. There was no significant difference in the ME content and IVDMD in the diet comprising crop residues (paddy straw, sorghum stover and bengal gram husk) supplemented with azolla at different levels (0 to 9%) indicating no significant effect of azolla supplementation on utilization of crop residues. There was significant decrease in the ME content of the diet comprising crop residues (ragi straw, maize stover, maize husk) supplemented with azolla at various levels (0 to 9%). There was decrease in the IVDMD of the diet comprising ragi straw supplemented with azolla at 9% compared to the control diet or TMR comprising CFM and ragi straw supplemented with azolla at 9% compared to control diet indicating negative effect of supplementing azolla on digestibility of crop residues and TMR. It is concluded that, azolla can only serve as a source of protein, amino acids and minerals with limited or no supplementary effect on digestibility or metabolizability of crop residues or total mixed ration.