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Subject: Biochemistry ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PROTEIN PROFILE IN TIGERS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-02) KALPANA, K. N.; V. GIRISH KUMAR
    Tiger (Pantheratigris) is an important member of forest ecology belonging to subfamily felinae and they classified as endangered and three subspecies are already extinct out of nine subspecies from the globe. The cause for extinction is postulated to be poaching, a decline in pery base, nutritional deficiencies and/or infectious diseases. Further, the above scenario creates an immense need for conserving the germplasm in tigers. Thus the present study is being undertaken in Royal Bengal tigers to study the suitable microsatellite marker for species conservation as well as to find out a suitable marker in connection with inbreeding. Further Protein profile, GDH, CK activity concerning the age and sex also studied. Upon microsatellite marker analysis a total of 9 alleles were identified across the 4 microsatellite loci, 2 alleles each for Primer 4 (175 and 180 bp), Primer 3 (130 and 160 bp), Primer 2 (500 and 510 bp) and 3 alleles for Primer 1 (100, 120 and 340 bp). Similarly based on PIC values, Primer 4 and Primer 2 showed lower diversity and Primer 3 showed intermediate diversity, whereas Primer 1 showed high diversity. Further, the mean FIS in the present study indicates the probability of inbreeding in the population. Likewise, Shannon's Information index for Primer 1 in the present study indicates the higher genetic diversity in the microsatellite locus in the population. Likewise, serum protein analysis reveals that values in Group-II male tigers were significantly higher when compared to Group-I male tigers, whereas in females, there was no significant difference in both the groups. Similarly, when compared between different sex within a group, a significantly higher level was observed only in Group II male tigers when compared to Group II female tigers. Similarly, the mean albumin values when compared between the two age groups (Group-I and Group-II) within sex as well as when compared between sexes within an age group revealing no significant difference. Likewise, the mean values of α, β1, β2 and γ globulin when compared between the two age groups within sex revealed for no significant differences. Mean serum GDH values in Group I animals of both sex was found to be significantly higher when compared to that in Group II animals. Further, the values of the same when compared between sex within an age group was found to be higher in males when compared to females. Likewise, mean serum CK values revealed for significantly higher value in the Group II male tigers and Group I female tigers when compared to Group I male tigers and Group II female tigers respectively. Further, the mean serum CK values found to be significantly higher in males compared to females in both groups. Keywords: Bengal tiger, microsatellite markers, protein analysis, GDH, CK
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENTAL GENE EXPRESSION DURING EARLY FOLLICULOGENESIS IN CAPRINE OVARY
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-09) KAVYA, V.; Dr. V. GIRISH KUMAR
    India occupies first position in terms of goat population and goat milk production. Primordial follicles constituted a store of germ cells in the postnatal ovary and their number varies with species and age. Mammalian ovaries which contain large number of primordial follicles are considered as prime candidates for invitro culture techniques. The present study aim at the isolation of preantral follicles from slaughtered caprine ovaries by using mechanical cum enzymatic method, how to assess the growth rate, viability rate and antrum formation fate of isolated preantral follicle and then expression of some key development genes SPFs, EPFs and LPFs were cultured invitro for 30 , 14 and 7 days in culture medium with growth supplements like glutamine, hypoxanthine and sodium pyruvate, insulin transferring selenium and follicle stimulating hormone respectively and examined for their growth rate, viability and for antrum formation. The results revealed late cultured Preantral follicle has more growth rate, survivability and antrum formation compared to EPFs. Within the growing follicles, some of the genes are upregulated and few genes are downregulated, which was essential for the development of dominant follicle to undergo the ovulation. The mRNA expression of IGF1, EGF, FSHr and FGF was found to be significantly higher in SPF, EPF and LPF respectively by qPCR. We found significantly (P<0.05) higher mRNA expression of FSHr in SPFs while lower expression in LPFs. Similarly, EGF mRNA expression is significantly (P<0.05) higher in LPFS and lower in EPFs. IGF-1 and bFGF mRNA expression significantly higher in LPFs compared to SPFs followed by EPFs. The results indicated that an interaction between EGF and IGF-I and FGF formed an important regulatory mechanism for preantral folliculogenesis.