Loading...
Theses (PG)
Browse
1447 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER IN POULTRY(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) SAHITHYA, N.G.; D. RATHNAMMAThe present study was conducted to isolate and characterize Campylobacters from poultry. A total of 158 poultry samples were collected from RMS, CPF and BYPF from different districts. All the samples were subjected for pre-enrichment followed by selective isolation of Campylobacters on mCCDA and Columbia blood agar. Seventyfive (47.46%) Campylobacter isolates were obtained and further confirmed by PCR. Genus specific PCR was standardised to identify Campylobacter isolates at genus level by amplifying 16S rRNA gene. Further species level identification was done by amplifying lpxA gene where 52 isolates were identified as C.jejuniand seven as C.coli. Remaining 16 isolates were unidentified campylobacter species. The prevalence of C.jejuni was more (76%) compared to C.coli (9.33%). Antibiotic sensitivity of all 75 Campylobacter isolates was tested by standard Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. All Campylobacter isolates showed 100 per cent resistance to Clindamycin and Nalidixic acid, followed by Erythromycin (73.33 %), Tetracycline (61.33%), Azithromycin and Doxycline (53.33%) and Ampicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid (44%). The presence of AMR genes in 52 C.jejuni isolates was carried out by PCR. Where all 52 isolates (100%) showed amplification of 23S rRNAgene for Macrolides followed by Fluoroquinolone (86.54%) by Amplifying QRDR region of gyrA gene, Tetracycline (53.84%) by amplifying tet (O) gene, 50 per cent isolates showed amplification of blaOXA-61 gene for Beta-lactams and 69.23 per cent isolates were found to harbour cmeB efflux pump gene. Amplification of cad-F and flaA virulent genes was carried out by subjecting 52C.jejuni isolates to PCR, all the C.jejuni isolates revealed cad-F gene and 29C.jejuni isolates revealed flaA gene . Partial nucleotide sequencing of cad-F gene was done for 12 campylobacter isolates. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups where farm isolates formed one group and isolates from retail meat shops formed another group. The highest mean interspecific divergence was found between LH and K2 (10.42%) and it was lowest between TF and BBY (0.02%). Genotyping of 50 C.jejuni isolates was carried out by ERIC-PCR and intra-species variability of C. jejuni isolates was determined by dendrogram analysis of C. jejuni that revealed 12 distinct clades with discriminatory power (D value) of 0.87. Campylobacter jejuni isolates under study formed two main clusters (A and B) with 100% heterogeneity.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MEDETOMIDINE AND DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS PREANAESTHETICS FOR PROPOFOL - ISOFLURANE GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAMESHA, H.; V. MAHESHThe study was conducted to evaluate Medetomidine and Dexmedetomidine as pre-anaesthetic for Propofol-Isoflurane general anaesthesia in dogs. The study was conducted on 18 clinical cases of dogs divided in to 3 groups with six dogs in each group. All the dogs were atropinised (0.04 mg/kg BW SC) except Group I. The dogs of Group I anaesthesia were induced by administering Propofol (6 mg/kg IV). Group II animals received medetomidine (20 μg/kg IV). Group III animals received Dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IV), later anaesthesia was induced by administering Propofol (3 mg/kg IV) after 10 minutes of pre-anaesthetic administration in all the dogs of Group II and Group III. Maintenance of anaesthesia was done under Isoflurane in all the three groups. The onset of sedation was non-significant between Group II and Group III dogs. The induction time was significantly slower in Group I dogs compare to Group II and Group III dogs. The recovery time was quicker in Group I dogs followed by Group III dogs when compared to Group II dogs. Physiological parameters, haematological, biochemical and haemodynamic parameters showed no significant variation in all the three groups but significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed. Blood gas parameters revealed significant changes PaCO2, PaO2 and pH. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocol carried out in Group II and Group III have given satisfactory results with respect to sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation, smooth induction and recovery without any untoward events orcomplications as compared to directly induced Propofol Group. Therefore, both the drugs produced potent sedative effect.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ELASTIC STABLE INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING (ESIN) FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE OF FEMUR IN SKELETALLY IMMATURE DOGS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RAHUL P A; V. MAHESHThe occurrence of long bone fracture cases during the study period of 12 months was 3.71%, out of which 39.5% were femoral fractures. Most of the femoral fractures were seen in Non-Descript breed male dogs below six months of age. Diaphyseal transverse type of fracture was the most commonly observed and the major cause was found to be automobile accidents. Two pre-bent titanium elastic nails were inserted into the metaphyseal region each avoiding epiphyseal growth plates in 6 skeletally immature dogs. Symmetric bracing action of elastic nails provided three point fixation inside the medullary cavity and gave rotational, axial, translational and flexural stability. The pain score was highest on the pre-operative day, which was significantly reduced from the 7th post-operative day till the 45th post-operative day in all the six dogs. Dogs started bearing partial weight on the fractured limb from 14th post-operative day, but complete weight bearing in all dogs was observed between the 28th to 45th post-operative day. Immediate post-operative radiographs showed proper reduction and good alignment of the fractured fragments. Post-operative radiographic studies revealed early callus formation and consolidation of the fracture. Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing was found to be best suited for treatment of diaphyseal fractures of femur in skeletally immature dogs as the technique was minimally invasive, provided optimal stability and elasticity which developed early bridging callus and contributed to faster healing of bone without disturbing the growth plate in skeletally immature bone thus allowing early weight bearing and walking.ThesisItem Open Access A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF MYOSTATIN AND FABP3 GENES IN MANDYA AND YALAGA SHEEP(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) MEENAKSHI, R. N.; R. NAGARAJA)The PCR-RFLP and SSCP polymorphisms of Myostatin (exon 1 and intron 1) and FABP3 (intron 3) genes were compared between Mandya and Yalaga sheep using the genomic DNA obtained from 50 each of Mandya and Yalaga sheep breeds. The Myostatin (497 bp and 414 bp) and FABP3 (355 bp) gene sequences were amplified by PCR employing published primers. PCR-RFLP analysis of Myostatin gene (497 bp) with DraI restriction enzyme revealed two genotypes, AB and BB with frequencies of 0.34 and 0.66 in Mandya sheep and 0.12 and 0.88 in Yalaga sheep, respectively. The allele frequencies for A and B were 0.17 and 0.83 in Mandya sheep and 0.06 and 0.94 in Yalaga sheep, respectively. PCR-RFLP analysis of FABP3 gene with BanII restriction enzyme revealed two genotypes, AA and AG with frequencies of 0.66 and 0.34 in Mandya sheep and 0.08 and 0.92 in Yalaga sheep, respectively. The gene frequencies for A and G were 0.83 and 0.17 in Mandya and 0.54 and 0.46 in Yalaga sheep, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment of B allele sequences of Myostatin (497 bp) gene and A allele sequences of FABP3 gene in Mandya and Yalaga sheep revealed T>C transition at 64 bp and C>T transition at 174 bp in Yalaga sheep. PCR-SSCP analysis of Myostatin (414 bp) gene revealed two genotypes, AA and AB with frequencies of 0.74 and 0.26 in Mandya sheep and 0.78 and 0.22 in Yalaga sheep, respectively. The gene frequencies for A and B were 0.87 and 0.13 and 0.89 and 0.11 in Mandya and Yalaga sheep, respectively. The alignment of A and B alleles of Myostatin gene in Mandya and Yalaga sheep revealed two SNPs: G>T transversion at position 46 bp and G>T transversion at position 287 bp in Yalaga sheep.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS FED WITH FEED ADDITIVES CONTAINING PROBIOTICS, ENZYMES AND ORGANIC ACIDS(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, NANDINAGAR, BIDAR – 585 401, 2021) MD MASOOD KHAN DURRANI; S.B. PRASANNAThe present study was designed to evaluate the effect of feeding a combination of feed additives viz., probiotics, enzymes and organic acids on the performance of crossbred HF milking cows on milk yield, milk composition, rumen microflora changes and Body Condition Score of dairy cows. The cows were selected and divided into three treatment groups viz., T1 (control), T2 (single dose) and T3 (double dose) based on average previous month milk yield and stage of lactation. The results revealed that there was a significant (P ≤ 0.01) increase in the milk yield in group T2. Further among two experimental groups T2 and T3 there was no significant effect on the milk composition. On both the 30th and 60th day, there was an increase in the protozoan motility in groups T2 and T3 as compared to T1. Similarly, on the 30th and 60th day, there was a significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) in the bacterial count per 100 micro liters of rumen fluids in groups T2 and T3. There was no significant effect on rumen motility. The results of body condition score of all the animals in their respective groups were analyzed and it was found that there is no significant change in the body condition scores. The present study revealed that supplementing feed additives at a single dose (T2) level of 2ml /kg in concentrate feed (10ml/day) and 1 ml per kg of drinking water (30ml/day) is having the beneficial effect of 9.76% increase in milk yield or increase of 0.54 liter of milk per day per cow. Further, addition of feed additives in twice the dose (T3) had no beneficial effect on the milk yield or composition. Keywords: Feed additives, probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, feed additives, microflora, BCS.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF GENETIC CAPTURE-MARK-RECAPTURE TECHNIQUE FOR POPULATION ESTIMATION IN ASIAN ELEPHANTS (Elephas maximus), USING SELECTED FIELD SITES IN KARNATAKA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) MARKAD MAYUR VILAS; NAVEEN KUMAR, S.A study was conducted to standardize Genetic Capture-Mark Recapture technique for population estimation of Asian elephants. Blood and dung samples were collected from 35 captive elephants of Mathigodu and Dubare camps for genetic diversity study and 138 dung samples were collected from the adjacent forest area of the Mathigodu camp for population density estimation. A panel of 10 microsatellite loci viz., LA04, EMU13, EMU07, EMU8, EMU14, EMU18, EMU02, EMU01, EMU11 and EMU03 were utilized for genotyping. The amplified PCR products were genotyped using an ABI Genetic Analyzer 3500XL. The genetic diversity parameters were estimated using CERVUS software package version 3.0. Out of 35 blood samples, 33.4 ± 0.49 samples showed genotyping results. The allele numbers ranged from 3 (LA04) to 6 (EMU07) with mean number of alleles of 4.3 ± 0.3. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.693 ± 0.06 and 0.654 ± 0.019, respectively. The mean PIC value was 0.586 ± 0.019 and the total combined probability of identity (PID) across all the loci was 4 x 10-8. Out of 35 dung samples, 23.8 ± 1.87 samples showed genotyping results. The allele numbers ranged from 3 (LA04) to 6 (EMU07) with mean number of alleles of 3.8 ± 0.29. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.624 ± 0.073 and 0.572 ± 0.024, respectively. The mean PIC value was 0.489 ± 0.023 and the total combined PID across all the loci was 1.5 x 10-6. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SECR) package of R statistical software was utilized to estimate the density. In the study area, 21 unique individuals were identified and the density was found to be 13.64 ± 3.68 elephants per 100 Sq. km.ThesisItem Open Access DIETARY INCORPORATION OF ORGANIC ACID SALT, SODIUM ACETATE ON GUT HISTOLOGY AND IMMUNOMODULATION IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) SURYAKIRAN, M.,; GANAP[ATHINAIKOrganic acids in various forms can be used as dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of an acetic acid salt, sodium acetate as a feed additive to enhance growth and health in rohu fish. A total of 120 healthy Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average body weight of 5.0 ± 0.5 g (mean SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups (F0, F1, F2, and F3). F0 was fed a basal diet with no organic acid additive taken as the control group, while F1, F2, and F3 were fed the diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sodium acetate salt, respectively. Each group was subdivided in triplicate with 10 fish in each tank. The experimental fish was evaluated after 90 days for growth performance, hematology, immunology, resistance to infection, body composition, gut and liver histology. At the end of the feeding trail, F2 and F3 had significant improvements in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with other groups. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were significantly increased in F2 and F3 compared to F0 and F1. There were significant differences among the groups in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with F2 as highest. After 90 days. F2 and F1 showed highest superoxide anion activity, lysozyme activity, and total serum protein. The lowest values for immune parameters were recorded in F0. The protein and fat contents of the whole body were the highest in F2 followed by F1 groups. The best protection against challenged Aeromonas hydrophila was in F2 followed by F1 groups. The histological architecture and cellular components of gut showed an improvement in the treatments over the control. The study indicates the efficacy of addition of sodium acetate in enhancing the growth and health in rohu fish Labeo rohita.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTS OF SODIUM PROPIONATE AS GROWTH STIMULANT AND IMMUNOMODULATOR IN THE DIET OF INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) KANTHA RAJA, P.,; ganapathi naikThis study was conducted to evaluate the use of a propionic acid salt, sodium propionate as a feed additive to enhance growth and health in rohu fish. A total of 120 healthy Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average body weight of 7.5 ± 0.5 g (mean SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups (F0, FI, F2, and F3). F0 was fed a basal diet with no organic acid additive taken as the control group, while FI, F2, and F3 were fed the diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sodium propionate salt, respectively. Each group was subdivided in triplicate with 10 fish in each tank. The experimental fish was evaluated after 90 days for growth performance, hematology. Immunology, resistance to infection, body composition, gut and liver histology. At the end of the feeding trail. F2 and F3 had significant improvements in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with other groups. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were significantly increased in F2 and F3 compared to F0 and F1. There were significant differences among the groups in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with F3 as highest. After 90 days. F2 and F3 showed highest superoxide anion activity, lysozyme activity, and total serum protein. The lowest values for immune parameters were recorded in F0. The protein and fat contents of the whole body were the highest in F3 followed by F2 groups. The best protection against challenged Aeromonas hydrophila was in F3 followed by F2 groups. The histological architecture and cellular components of gut showed an improvement in the treatments over the control. The study indicates the efficacy of addition of sodium propionate in enhancing the growth and health in rohu fish Labeo rohita.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FREEZING AND FROZEN STORAGE EDIBLE OYSTER ITS VALUE ADDED PRODUCT(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2021) AAISHWARYA G.K.; S.SIDDAPPAJI
