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Open Access
DIETARY INCORPORATION OF ORGANIC ACID SALT, SODIUM ACETATE ON GUT HISTOLOGY AND IMMUNOMODULATION IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) SURYAKIRAN, M.,; GANAP[ATHINAIK
Organic acids in various forms can be used as dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of an acetic acid salt, sodium acetate as a feed additive to enhance growth and health in rohu fish. A total of 120 healthy Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average body weight of 5.0 ± 0.5 g (mean SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups (F0, F1, F2, and F3). F0 was fed a basal diet with no organic acid additive taken as the control group, while F1, F2, and F3 were fed the diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sodium acetate salt, respectively. Each group was subdivided in triplicate with 10 fish in each tank. The experimental fish was evaluated after 90 days for growth performance, hematology, immunology, resistance to infection, body composition, gut and liver histology. At the end of the feeding trail, F2 and F3 had significant improvements in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with other groups. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were significantly increased in F2 and F3 compared to F0 and F1. There were significant differences among the groups in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with F2 as highest. After 90 days. F2 and F1 showed highest superoxide anion activity, lysozyme activity, and total serum protein. The lowest values for immune parameters were recorded in F0. The protein and fat contents of the whole body were the highest in F2 followed by F1 groups. The best protection against challenged Aeromonas hydrophila was in F2 followed by F1 groups. The histological architecture and cellular components of gut showed an improvement in the treatments over the control. The study indicates the efficacy of addition of sodium acetate in enhancing the growth and health in rohu fish Labeo rohita.
Open Access
EFFECTS OF SODIUM PROPIONATE AS GROWTH STIMULANT AND IMMUNOMODULATOR IN THE DIET OF INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) KANTHA RAJA, P.,; ganapathi naik
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of a propionic acid salt, sodium propionate as a feed additive to enhance growth and health in rohu fish. A total of 120 healthy Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average body weight of 7.5 ± 0.5 g (mean SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups (F0, FI, F2, and F3). F0 was fed a basal diet with no organic acid additive taken as the control group, while FI, F2, and F3 were fed the diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sodium propionate salt, respectively. Each group was subdivided in triplicate with 10 fish in each tank. The experimental fish was evaluated after 90 days for growth performance, hematology. Immunology, resistance to infection, body composition, gut and liver histology. At the end of the feeding trail. F2 and F3 had significant improvements in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with other groups. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were significantly increased in F2 and F3 compared to F0 and F1. There were significant differences among the groups in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with F3 as highest. After 90 days. F2 and F3 showed highest superoxide anion activity, lysozyme activity, and total serum protein. The lowest values for immune parameters were recorded in F0. The protein and fat contents of the whole body were the highest in F3 followed by F2 groups. The best protection against challenged Aeromonas hydrophila was in F3 followed by F2 groups. The histological architecture and cellular components of gut showed an improvement in the treatments over the control. The study indicates the efficacy of addition of sodium propionate in enhancing the growth and health in rohu fish Labeo rohita.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FREEZING AND FROZEN STORAGE EDIBLE OYSTER ITS VALUE ADDED PRODUCT
(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2021) AAISHWARYA G.K.; S.SIDDAPPAJI
Open Access
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT AGENTS TO CONTROL TURBIDITY IN WATER
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) THIPPESWAMY, T. S; SHIVAKUMAR M
Open Access
DIETARY INCORPORATION OF ORGANIC ACID SALT, SODIUM ACETATE ON GUT HISTOLOGY AND IMMUNOMODULATION IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP LABEO ROHITA
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR., 2021) SURYAKIRAN, M.,; M.GANAPATHI
Organic acids in various forms can be used as dietary supplements in aquaculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of an acetic acid salt, sodium acetate as a feed additive to enhance growth and health in rohu fish. A total of 120 healthy Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average body weight of 5.0 ± 0.5 g (mean SE) were randomly divided into four equal groups (F0, F1, F2, and F3). F0 was fed a basal diet with no organic acid additive taken as the control group, while F1, F2, and F3 were fed the diets supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/kg of sodium acetate salt, respectively. Each group was subdivided in triplicate with 10 fish in each tank. The experimental fish was evaluated after 90 days for growth performance, hematology, immunology, resistance to infection, body composition, gut and liver histology. At the end of the feeding trail, F2 and F3 had significant improvements in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with other groups. The total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were significantly increased in F2 and F3 compared to F0 and F1. There were significant differences among the groups in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration with F2 as highest. After 90 days. F2 and F1 showed highest superoxide anion activity, lysozyme activity, and total serum protein. The lowest values for immune parameters were recorded in F0. The protein and fat contents of the whole body were the highest in F2 followed by F1 groups. The best protection against challenged Aeromonas hydrophila was in F2 followed by F1 groups. The histological architecture and cellular components of gut showed an improvement in the treatments over the control. The study indicates the efficacy of addition of sodium acetate in enhancing the growth and health in rohu fish Labeo rohita.
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF GAMMA IRRADIATION AND LOW TEMPEARTURE STORAGE ON THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF COBIA FILLETS (RACHYCENTRON CANADUM)
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) SAGARNAIK, C.,; B.MAJANAIK
The present investigation is aimed to study the influence of gamma irradiation (1, 3 and 5 kGy) and subsequent storage at ice (0 °C) and frozen storage temperature (-20 ± 2 °C) on the quality and extended shelf life of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fillets. The quality changes and extended shelf life were assessed by evaluating the changes in biochemical, microbial and sensory attributes during different storage conditions. The result revealed that all the biochemical quality indices studied like pH, TMA-N, TVBN, TBARS and PV were within the acceptable limit. Total volatile base nitrogen values for irradiated fish samples were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the non-irradiated samples throughout the storage period, and the rate of decrease was more pronounced in samples irradiated at the higher dose (5 kGy). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and peroxide value for irradiated (5 kGy) samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the non-irradiated (control) sample. The total microbial load (mesophilic, psychrophilic and coliforms) for the non-irradiated fish fillets samples were higher than the irradiated samples stored at ice (0 oC) and frozen temperature. No definite trend was observed for pH value of both non-irradiated and irradiated samples. Sensory evaluation showed a reasonable and good correlation with bacterial populations with storage time. The result of the investigation revealed that the influence of gamma irradiation and low temperature storage resulted in overall reduction of microbial loads and stabilized the biochemical characteristics of fish fillets. Therefore, irradiation at a low dose of 3 kGy could be used to control the microbial safety and biochemical characteristics of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) fillets for up to 36 days at ice temperature (0 oC) and 90 days for frozen storage.
Open Access
EFFECT OF SEAFOOD INDUSTRY WASTE IN POULTRY FEED ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER AND GIRIRAJA CHICKS
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) RUDRAPPA BICHAGATTI; C.V.RAJU
Investigation of the effect of co-dried fish silage (CFS) in poultry feed on performance of Broiler and Giriraja chick, and also comparison of the nutritional quality of prepared poultry feed with commercial feed was done. The sensory evaluation of meat was carried to check the eating quality. The silage was prepared from reef cod (Epinephalus diacanthus) fish waste using 3.5 % (w/v) formic acid and propionic acid mixture (1:1 ratio). The biochemical parameters such as PV, TBARS, TVBN and TMA of the fish silage was estimated as 8.97 ± 0.09 meq. O2/kg of fat, 3.93 ± 0.001 mg malondialdehyde /kg of fat, 48.25 ± 0.09 mg /100 g and 14.28 ± 0.06 mg /100 g respectively. The silage was mixed with crushed corn powder in the ratio of 85:15 (CFS had 39.51 % protein). 120 numbers of Broiler and Giriraja chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments (C – Control diet, T1 – Diet with 5% CFS, T2 – Diet with 10% CFS, and T3 – Diet with 15% CFS). Average weekly body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were recorded. At the end of the experiment (6 week) overall FCR, BPEF and livability was also calculated. Later, 10 birds from each group were randomly taken and sacrificed by approved Kosher method to study the meat quality and growth of internal organs. Significant differences were found with weekly feed intake, body weight gain, FCR in Broiler and Giriraja chicks. The dressing yield % was higher in Broiler’s T1 group and Giriraja’s T2 group. The treatment group -T1 (5% CFS) of Broiler and Giriraja chicks had higher BPEF than the other groups. The prepared diets containing CFS showed better storage stability (>2 months) than other diets with lower values of PV, FFA, TPC, fungal count. The present study was concluded that the 10 % CFS could be used as un-conventional protein source for poultry rearing without affecting the growth performance of chicks and eating quality of meat.
Open Access
STUDIES ON BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND BODY COMPOSITION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL FISH, RED-TOOTHED TRIGGERFISH ODONUS NIGER (RUPPELL, 1836) ALONG MANGALURU AND MALPE COAST
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) SUYANI NITIN KANJI; MRIDULA RAJESH
The red-toothed triggerfish (Odonus niger Ruppell, 1836) is a demersal reef associated fish of the tropical Indo-Pacific area, found at a depth of 5-40 m. The body is blue, the fins are blue-green with blue edge, mouth is small and prominent, the caudal fin is C-shaped and well-developed dorsal fin spines to protect themselves from predators. The present study was based on the observation of 358 individuals (15.4 to 24.0 cm TL) comprising of 257 males and 101 females. The “r” value indicated that the most highly correlated body parameter in relation to TL was standard length (r = 0.91, p<0.01). Four out of eight morphometric characters were environmentally controlled, indicating a wide range of zoogeographical distribution of the species. ANCOVA showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between sexes, therefore, a common equation of LWRs was derived as: W = 0.04705 L2.56089. The Kn indicated almost identical condition for both the sexes. Analysis of gut contents specify that the fish is truly an omnivore and the diet was composed of crustacean remains (51.50%), zooplankton (19.97%), algae (17.70%), squid remains (4.93%), fish remains (3.70%), partially digested matter (2.16%) and detritus (0.24%). The overall sex-ratio of M:F was 1:0.39. Maturity stages indicated that the species spawns for a prolonged period, extending from November to March. Lm50 revealed that the males mature earlier than females. Absolute fecundity ranged from 16,464 to 1,01,962 eggs with an average of 49,467 ± 21675 eggs/female. Ova diameter ranged from 0.01 to 0.28 mm. The HSI values exceeded the GSI in all the months. The muscle composition revealed that the fish has high protein and low fat content and hence regarded as lean fish. Ash content of the species indicated high content of minerals. The present study revealed that O. niger could be a potential source of ω3 fatty acids as well as essential amino acids and micro nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium and calcium.
Open Access
“STUDIES ON THE FISHERY AND BIOLOGY OF OBTUSE BARRACUDA, SPHYRAENA OBTUSATA [CUVIER, 1829] ALONG MANGALURU AND MALPE COAST”
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCE UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) MESHRAM MONTI MADAN; MRUDULA RAJESH
The obtuse barracuda, Sphyraena obtusata (Sphyraenidae), is a pelagic species found in the tropical oceans around the world. It is a voracious feeder, feeding on fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. A total of 352 individuals of S. obtusata were analyzed which comprised of 162 males and 190 females. The comparison of different morphometric characters with total length showed high values of correlation (0.708-0.985). Analysis of meristic characters indicated that the number of spines on dorsal fin 1 (5), dorsal fin 2 (1), ventral fin (1) and anal fin (2) and number of rays on dorsal fin 2 (9), ventral fin (5) and caudal fin (17) and number of gill rakers (2) on first gill arch remained constant throughout the study. The length-weight relationships showed no significant difference between male and female and thus a common equation derived for pooled data was W = 0.01786 L2.6815 (r2 = 0.9658, n = 352). The value of relative condition factor (Kn) varied from 1.00097 ± 0.04509 to 1.00153 ± 0.05640. Gut content analysis revealed that 118 stomachs (33.52 %) were empty and 234 stomachs (66.48%) contained food in varied quantity. Index of relative importance (IRI) showed highest value for fishes (93.76%) followed by crustaceans (6.09 %) and cephalopods (0.15%). The reproductive biology of S. obtusata revealed that there are seven maturity stages in female and five maturity stages in male. The sex ratio skewed towards females with an overall ratio of 1:1.17 (Male: Female). The spawning season of S. obtusata was observed during September to December. The size at first maturity of male and female was found to be 21.3 and 21.1 respectively. The absolute fecundity ranged from 91,942 to 1,34,445 with an average of 1,12,878 ± 2,763. The ova diameter ranged from 0.02 to 0.48 mm. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 1.23 ± 0.23 to 3.64 ± 0.98 for male and 1.31 ± 0.21 to 3.8 ± 0.39 for female. The proximate composition of S. obtusata showed 76.87 to 78.0 % moisture, 20.01% to 21.39% protein, 0.82% to 1.21% fat and 0.92% to 1.19% ash.

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