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Subject: Veterinary Physiology × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2023 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF DIETARY BETAINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN DEONI CALVES DURING SUMMER
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR-585 401, 2023) TRUPTHI; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR
    The present study was conducted to assess effects of dietary betaine supplementation on physiological parameters, growth parameters, anti-oxidant parameters, hormonal profile, biochemical profile, and haematological profile in Deoni calves during summer stress. The study was carried out at LRIC, Deoni farm, Bidar during summer season (April-May 2021) for a period of 2 months. The THI ranged from 75.29 to 79.38 indicative to mild to moderate heat stress in calves. Ten Deoni calves were randomly divided into control and treatment group with five calves in each group. Control group was fed basal diet alone. For the treatment group, basal diet was supplemented with anhydrous betaine hydrochloride @ 5 grams per calf per day in the diet during the study period. The In the present study, rectal temperatures significantly (P< 0.05) lower from day 35 onwards, respiration rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 42 onwards and heart rates were significant (P< 0.05) lower from day 49 onwards in betaine supplemented group. Growth parameters revealed increase in weight gain from day 21 onwards and there was increase in girth, height, and length in betaine treated group from day 28, day 42 and day 35 onwards respectively when compared to the control group during study period. Anti-oxidant profile revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in plasma LPO activity was noted on day 45 and 60 in treatment group, significant (P< 0.05) increase in the mean plasma SOD and catalase from day 45 onwards in treatment group when compared to that of control group. Hormonal profile revealed that the treatment group had significantly (P< 0.05) lower plasma cortisol and higher T4 levels from day 45 onwards compared to control group. The biochemical parameters viz., plasma glucose, plasma albumin, plasma calcium and plasma inorganic phosphorus levels were significantly higher (P ˂ 0.05) whereas plasma triglycerides, plasma cholesterol, and plasma creatinine levels were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in treatment group compared to control. TEC, Hb, PCV values revealed that there were increased at 35th, 45th and 60th day of the study. Whereas, Lymphocyte % were significantly higher and neutrophils were significantly lower in treatment group at day 60. From the results of the current study, it can be concluded that betaine supplementation is economically beneficial with increased growth performance as it ameliorates the negative effects of heat stress because of its potent anti-oxidant property, enhancing hormonal and physio-biochemical balance, and also through improved haematological profile data as observed in our study. Key words: Deoni, calves, betaine, growth, antioxidant, hormone
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OVSYNCH AND PROGESTERONE SPONGE BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS IN MANDYA SHEEP
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) PRATHVIRAJ; SRINIVAS REDDY BELLUR
    The present study based on two estrus synchronization protocols in 30 multiparous Mandya breed of sheep. Study was carried out at the Livestock Research and Information Centre Nagamangala, KVAFSU, Bidar, during the breeding season. The ewes divided into two groups (15 each). OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 1, and Progesterone + OVSYNCH was followed for protocol 2. Blood samples from study animals were collected at day, 0, day 7, day of estrus/mating, 30 days post mating and at the time of mating. Pregnancy diagnosis were done 30 days post mating using ultrasonography The reproductive parameters such as estrus response, time for onset of estrus, rate of conception, lambing percentages, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and lambs sex ratio were recorded. Serum estrogen and progesterone were analyzed using commercially available ELISA kits, and serum biochemical parameters glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed using reagent kits. The estrus response was 60.00 % for protocol 1 and 80.00 % for protocol 2. The average interval for onset of estrus were 19.00 hours for protocol 1 and 24.75 hours for protocol 2. The rate of conception during present study were 40.00 % in protocol 1 and 60.00 % in protocol 2. The lambing percentage on total ewe basis were 40 % and 60 %, lambing percentage on estrus basis were 66.60 % and 75.00 %, lambing percentage on tupping basis were 75.00 % and 90.00 % in protocol 1 and 2 respectively. The average Lamb birth weights were 1.97 kg and 2.06 Kg, Male: Female sex ratio was 1:1 and 1:1.25 for protocol 1 and 2 respectively. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher serum estrogen levels were noted at day of estrus/mating and on the day of lambing in both protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly lowest serum progesterone levels were observed at day of estrus/mating, in both the protocol 1 and protocol 2. Significantly (P˂ 0.05) lowest serum glucose levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum total protein and albumin levels were observed at day of lambing compared to all other stages of study period in both the protocols. Significantly lowest serum cholesterol levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in both protocols. Significantly lowest levels were observed at day 0 and day 7 in protocol 1 and at day 0 in protocol 2 compared to all other stages of study period. Key words: Mandya ewe, Estrus synchronization, Reproductive parameter, Serum biochemistry
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF SHORT AND LONG TERM APPLICATION OF PROGESTERONE SPONGES IN COMBINATION WITH GnRH FOR ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN MANDYA SHEEP
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) AMIT; SHRIKANT KULKARNI
    A study was carried out for evaluating short- and long-term application of progesterone sponges in combination with PGF2α and GnRH for estrus synchronization in Mandya sheep. 30 ewes are divided in two equal groups (15 ewes in each group) namely short-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 1, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 5 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection) and long-term progesterone treatment group (protocol 2, intravaginal progesterone sponge for 12 days following PGF2α injection and GnRH injection). In the current study estrus response, conception rates, lambing percentage on total ewe basis, lambing percentage on estrus basis, lambing percentage on tupping basis, twinning rate, lamb birth weight and sex ratio in protocol 1 and 2 were 21.33 and 24.83 hours, 53.33 and 60%, 53.33 and 60%, 88.88 and 75%, 80 and 75%, nil in both, 1.95 and 1.96 kg and 4:4 and 5:4 ratio respectively. There was no significant difference observed in serum glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides and serum urea nitrogen between the Protocol 1 and 2. However, there was significant (P ˂ 0.05) difference observed within the protocols. There were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher estrogen values at day of lambing and at day of estrus/mating compared to all other stages of study both in Protocol 1 and Protocol 2. However, significantly lower serum progesterone levels were noted at the day of estrus in both the protocols compared to all other stages of study. There was no significant (P˃ 0.05) difference in serum estrogen and progesterone levels between the Protocols. Key words: Estrus response, Long term, Mandya ewe, Progesterone sponge, Short term.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SATISH
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2023) SATISH; SHRIKANT KULKARNI)
    The current experiment was carried out at Veterinary College, Bidar to study the effects of dietary supplementation of betaine on haemato-biochemical profile, antioxidant status and growth performance in broilers. Eighty, day-old commercial broiler chicks were reared commonly in deep litter system with similar managemental inputs during acclimatization period of two weeks. On 15th day the broilers were divided randomly into four groups with 20 birds in each. Group I (Control) was provided with basal diet, Group II with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 1g/ kg diet, Group III with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 2g/ kg diet and Group IV was provided with basal diet supplemented with betaine @ 4g/ kg diet. Haematological parameters analysed manually as per standard protocol for avian blood. Biochemical parameters were estimated using semi-automated biochemistry analyzer. Antioxidant parameters were measured manually by spectro-photometric method. Growth parameters were recorded at weekly intervals. Dressing percentage was measured at the end of the study. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by Two-way ANOVA with the application of Bonferroni’s post-test using ‘GraphPad Prism’ version 5.01 (2007) computerized software. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was utilized for analyzing dressing percentage. In the present study, in betaine supplemented group TEC, TLC, Lymphocyte %, TP, Globulin levels and SOD activity were significantly higher in Group III and IV at 5th week of age as compared to those of control group (Group I). Dietary betaine supplementation significantly lowered heterophil %, H/L ratio, Cholesterol, BUN, LPO levels at 4thand 5th week of age as compared to those of control group. In the present study, in betaine supplemented groups (Group III and IV) theweekly body weights, weight gains, dressing percentages were significantly higher and FCR was significant lower at last two weeks of study as compared to those of control group. From the above results it can be concluded that dietary supplementation of betaine improved growth performance and apart from this betaine supplementation had hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect apart from notable influence on immunity. Feeding betaine is economical owing to its cheap availability and improved growth performance. Key Words: Betaine, Broilers, Haemato-Biochemical, Growth