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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF LABLAB PURPUREUS IN RATS
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FOISHERIE'S SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-07) PRAKASH V SOGALANNAVAR; N. B. SHRIDHAR
    The study was taken up to evaluate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of L. purpureus plant. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and triterpenoids. The study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory property of the plant extract using carrageenan induced paw oedema and the extract at the doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg is having significant anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo analgesic activity was conducted by using acetic acid induced writhings as peripheral pain model and the extract at the doses 400 and 600 mg/kg showed significant analgesic activity. Acute oral and repeated dose 28 day oral toxicity studies of methanol extract was carried out in Wistar albino rats as per the OECD guidelines 423 and 407 respectively. In sub-acute oral toxicity dose levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg were administered daily for 28 days and compared with the control rats. In both toxicity studies, no mortality and toxicity signs were observed. The MTD value was found to be more than 5 g/kg. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed significant effect of the extract on different organs which are evident by histopathological changes observed in extract treated groups. The plant leaves showed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic property that can be utilized to explore the therapeutic efficacy. Key words: L. purpureus, phytochemical analysis, Anti-inflammatory activity, toxicity study, Wistar albino rats.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANALYSIS OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF VETERINARY DRUGS, PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF MOST FAVOURED ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT IN MASTITIC DAIRY CATTLE
    (KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FOISHERIE'S SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2018-07) MAHADEVA SHARMA B.M; PRAKASH NADOOR
    to document the pharmacovigilance data collected from veterinarians (voluntary) in the State of Karnataka (Phase-I). Further, pharmacokinetics (milk depletion drug kinetics) of most favoured antibacterial agent employed in the State was studied in HFx dairy cows (n=8) clinically ailing from mastitis (Phase-II). Analysis of prescriptions w.r.t livestock species (cattle, sheep and goats; N=912) revealed that among the major therapeutic segments drugs belonging to viz., antibacterials (28.37%) > non-steroidal agents (NSAIDs;15.70%) > antihistaminics (H1 blockers;12.42%) classes were prescribed most. Further, cephalosporins (19.39%) > tetracyclines (16.24%) > β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitors (11.92%) were most prescribed among the antibacterial agents. The number of drugs per prescription was in the order of three or more (64.80%) > double (24.23%) > single (10.97%). Among the polydrug therapies, antibacterial agents prescribed in combination with NSAIDs accounted most (47.39%) followed by both with glucocorticoids and NSAID’s (11.60%). The extra-label usage of antibacterial agents in the treatment of mastitis and uterine infections in dairy cattle and buffaloes alone accounted 18.42 and 34.88 per cent, respectively. The survey revealed that cefquinome sulphate (intramammary) was most preferred antibacterial agent for the clinical mastitis in the State. Pharmacovigilance study (N=1005) revealed 6.07 and 0.80 per cent adverse drug reactions [ADR(s)] and adverse drug effects [ADE(s)], respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies following therapeutic administration (intramammary) of cefquinome (75 mg. q 12 h x three times) in mastitic dairy cows revealed a peak (Cmax.) concentration of cefquinome in milk of mastitic quarter (664.06±131.24 μg.mL-1) was observed (tmax.) at 6 h after last infusion. The elimination half-life (t1/2z), the area under curve (AUC0-) and mean residence time (MRT) was 5.24±0.51 h, 7915.38±1946.57 g.mL-1.h and 20.97±3.08 h, respectively, when the time vs milk concentration data was subjected to analysis by non-compartment model. The concentration last observed: Cmax. ratio was 0.0088±0.001. The milk concentration of cefquinome persists (LOD=0.052 μg.mL-1) up to 72 h (5.28±0.64 μg.mL-1) and 36 h (4.04 μg.mL-1) in mastitic quarter and untreated (healthy) quarter, respectively after the last therapeutic administration in HFx dairy cows. Keywords: Prescription analysis, Pharmacovigilance, Cefquinome, Pharmacokinetics, Mastitis, HFx dairy cow