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Open Access
EXPLORATION OF GROWTH POTENTIALITY OF MALNAD GIDDA CALVES: A NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2021) SUSHMA, V.; T. THIRUMALESH
The study was carried out to know the growth potentiality of Malnad Gidda (MG) calves by providing different levels of nutrients by dividing nine calves (Avg. b.wt. 22 to 25 kg and age: 90 to 200 days) into three groups of three calves each in switch over design. The calves in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed to support 100, 150 and 200 g gain per day respectively and total DMI (g/d) and average daily gain (g/d) in the corresponding groups were 750 and 152.30; 789 and 165.90; 872 and 181.30 respectively. The DMI on percent of body weight in the corresponding groups were 0.89, 0.95 and 1.2 respectively. There was no significant difference in nutrient and mineral intake between the groups. The digestibility of all the nutrients increased numerically but the difference was not significant between the groups. The DCP of the diet in T1, T2 and T3 was 7.95, 8.70 and 9.03 % and TDN of the diet in all the groups was around 55%. The total cost incurred in T1, T2 and T3 was Rs; 9.08, 9.76 and 12.20 per day respectively and cost of per kg body weight gain in corresponding groups was Rs; 59.35, 58.10 and 67.40. It was concluded that the MG calves had the potentiality of gaining only less than 180g gain per day with an average DMI of 2.0% of body weight. Key words: Malnad Gidda calves, weight gain, nutrient intake, digestibility, economics.
Open Access
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BYPRODUCT OF SELECTED MINOR MILLETS AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BROWNTOP MILLET (BRACHIARIA RAMOSA) BYPRODUCT IN SHEEP
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021) GIRISHA, T.V; V. NAGABHUSHANA
An in vitro evaluation of byproduct of selected minor millets by gas production technique followed by an in vivo evaluation of Browntop millet (Brachiariaramosa) byproduct based CFM by twelve-week feeding and metabolism trial in sheep was conducted. In vitro study revealed that ME(MJ/kg) and IVDOM(%) of Browntop (6.81 and 53.95) and Littlemillet (6.81 and 53.09) byproduct were similar whereas lower values were found in Foxtail(5.04 and 41.70), Kodomillet (5.00 and 40.26), Prosomillet (5.23 and 43.47) and poor in Barnyard (2.90 and 30.79). In vitro gas production kinetics study revealed that readily soluble fraction ‘a’ value was not detectable whereas, insoluble but fermentable fraction “b” was significantly (P<0.01) highest (34.87) in BTMBP and lowest (7.98) in BYMBP. Eighteen rams, aged 12 months (average bodyweight 26.25 kg) of non-descriptive breed were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups fed maize top hay based diet with wheat bran (T1) and replaced 50% (T2) and 100% (T3) wheat bran with BTMBP.The inclusion of BTMBP in either diets showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean DMI(83.78;82.99) as compared to T1(86.31g/kg W0.75). Intake of nutrients, except EE, were comparable. Digestibility of DM,CP,CF,NFE,NDF,ADF,C and HC was similar However, digestibility of OM and EE (P<0.05) was found high in T1 as compared to T2 and T3. Intake of TDN, DCP and ME were not influenced by the inclusion of BTMBP. The ADG (g/d) in T1(101.19), T2(91.86) and T3(88.39) were also comparable (P>0.05).It is concluded BTMBP and LTMBP were found to be nutritionally better than FXMBP,KDMBP,PSMBP. BYMBP was nutritionally poor. Key Words: Minor millet byproducts, digestibility, in vitro
Open Access
VISHWANATHA U
(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2019) VISHWANATHA U
The study was conducted to determine nutritional evaluation of maize top silage and maize top hay on dry matter intake, nutrient intake, digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and composition yield in lactating crossbred cows. Six lactating crossbred cows (Avg. b.wt; 358 ±27kg; milk yield 9.08±0.55 kg/day) were divided into two groups of three cows each in switch over design comprising two periods and allocated one of the following treatments; T1 - maize top silage (MTS) based diet, T2 - maize top hay (MTH) based diet. The experimental cows were offered an average 2 kg of paddy straw, MTS (5kg DM from silage of total DMI), adliditum of MTH, and CFM was offered to meet the requirement of nutrients (ICAR, 2013), in respective treatment. There was a significant difference in body weight change and body condition score between the groups. The total dry matter intake in T1 and T2 were 10.43 and 11.27, kg/d respectively and the ratio of roughage and CFM of the diet was 52:48 and 57:43 in corresponding groups. There was no significant difference in DMI but significantly higher intake of MTH than MTS. There was no significant difference in the nutrients intake and digestibility of nutrients, MN supply to the intestine and also in nitrogen balance, however all the cows were in positive nitrogen balance. The corrected lactometer reading (CRL) of the milk of experimental cows were 28.90 and 28.97 and 4 % FCM yield (kg/d) was 9.86 and 9.72 in T1 and T2 groups, respectively and difference was non-significant. There was no significant difference between groups in the component of the milk and composition yield. It was concluded from this study that either maize top hay or maize top silage can be incorporated in the diet of lactating crossbred cows without affecting performance of the lactating cow. Key Words: Maize top silage, Maize top hay, Nutrient Intake, Milk Yield and its Composition.
Open Access
VIKAS D
(KVAFSU,BIDAR, 2019) VIKAS D
A in vitro and in vivo evaluation of areca sheath based total mixed ration initially by gas production technique followed by three month feeding, growth and metabolism trial in sheep to find voluntary feed intake, digestibility and growth performance in comparison to paddy straw. In vitro study revealed that ME and IVOMD of areca sheath and its dietary combinations were higher compare to paddy straw and its dietary combinations. ME (MJ/Kg) and IVOMD (%) of areca sheath were 7.82 and 55.81 respectively. Eighteen deccani lambs aged about 5 months (average body weight 16 kg) were randomly allotted to three total mixed ration formulated using paddy straw and areca sheath as roughage source and concentrate feed mixture. The experimental groups of lambs were receiving T1- diet comprised of paddy straw based TMR(50:50), T2 diet comprised of areca sheath and paddy straw based total mixed ration (25:25:50) andT3 diet comprised of areca sheath based TMR(50:50). The mean daily dry matter intake (g/kg W0.75) was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 (73.31) compare to T2(59.96) and T3(53.08).The digestibility of DM, OM, NFE, NDF, ADF was higher in T2 &T3 compare to T1 and no significant difference in the digestibility of CP,EE and CF among treatment groups. DCP (g/d) intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T1 (79.52) compare to T2 (56.93) and T3 (52.11). No significance difference in TDN intake among groups. ADG (g/d) were 93.33, 88.33, and 69.52 in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. It is observed that the areca sheath is comparable to paddy straw in chemical composition but having higher energy yielding potential through rumen fermentation and better digestibility of fibre. Nevertheless, areca sheath is having lower palatability as compared to paddy straw it could partially replace other regular crop residues, especially in total mixed rations, to produce cost effective balanced ruminant rations. The study opens up further scope to produce areca sheath based TMR in the form of pellets and fodder blocks to improve palatability and utilization. Key Words: Areca sheath, digestibility, in vitro, sheep
Open Access
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF JACKFRUIT (ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS) WASTE IN SHEEP
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2019-06-01) CHAITRA Y.; V.NAGABHUSHANA
conducted to study the potential nutritional value and its feeding value in growing sheep. Jackfruit waste (JFW), maize hay (MH), Concentrate feed mixture (CFM) and their various dietary combinations were studied by In vitro gas production technique. The RIVGP24 (ml/200mg DM), ME (MJ/kg),IVDOM (%), a (ml/200mg DM), D (ml/200mg DM), K (h-1), b (ml/200mg DM) and t1/2(h) value for JFW was 66.87, 11.32, 75.10, 5.36, 76.34, 0.08, 8.48 and 70.98 respectively. Among various dietary combination of JFW with CFM, JC50:50 dietary combination was showing significantly (P<0.01) higher RIVGP24 (71.71), ME (12.45), IVDOM (79.67), D (86.52), t1/2 (8.63). The ‘K’ value was significantly (P<0.01) higher for JC70:30 (0.13) and ‘b’ value for JC40:60 (86.83) combination. Similarly, significantly (P<0.01) higher values were obtained for RIVGP24, ME, IVDOM for JM90:10 (66.06, 11.21, 74.37) dietary combination. At dietary combination of JM30:70, significantly higher values were observed for ‘D’ (77.30) and ‘b’ (82.65). The ‘k’ and ‘t1/2’ values were significantly (P<0.01) higher in JM70:30 (0.11) and JM20:80 (8.54), respectively. A feeding trial of ten weeks duration was carried out on 14 sheep of 4-6 months old having an initial body weight of 13.8kg allotted to two groups of 7 animals of which control group (T1) of animals were fed with a basal diet of maize hay with supplemental CFM and for the treatment group (T2), 50 per cent of maize hay was replaced by JFW. The total DMI (g/d) was significantly (P<0.05) higher (678.99) in JFW (T2) as compared to control group (T1) of animals (577.40). There was a significantly (P<0.05) linear increase in the consumption of MH and JFW and total dry matter intake across the experimental period of 10 weeks. Significantly higher (P<0.01/0.05) OM, EE, NFE, NDF, ADF and HC intake was observed in T2 group as compared to control group of animals. The apparent digestibility of CF was unaffected by JFW supplementation. Whereas DM, OM, CP, EE, NFE and ADF digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) lower in test diet as compared to control diet. Further, NDF digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) higher in JFW fed animals (62.48%) as compared to control diet (54.12%).The DCP (<0.01), TDN, DOMD, ME and DCPI (<0.05) differ significantly higher at T1 as compared to T2. However, there was significantly (P<0.05) higher TDNI and MEI in T2 as compared to T1 groups. The average weekly body weight and average daily gain were comparable (P>0.05) among treatment groups. All the animals in the trial were in positive nitrogen balance. It was concluded that JFW could be used conveniently as a roughage source which partially or completely be replaced the traditional crop residue without affecting the growth and digestibility of nutrients in sheep. Key Words: Jackfruit waste, sheep, In vitro, Voluntary feed intake, Digestibility
Open Access
INFLUENCE OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN INCORPORATED DIETS ON PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILERS BASED ON TOTAL AND STANDARDISED ILEAL AMINO ACIDS
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-03-01) ROOPA, C.; SURESH, B. N.)
A study was conducted to determine the influence of single cell protein incorporated diets prepared based on total and standardised ileal digestible amino acids on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical profile and gut health status of commercial broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to eight treatments, each containing five replicate groups of eight chicks each. A practical type of corn-soy diet (T1) served as control and test diets were prepared by incorporating 5, 10 and 15% of SCP replacing equal amount of soybean meal nitrogen on total amino acid basis to generate T2, T3 and T4 diets, respectively. Parallelly, T5, T6, T7 and T8 diets were prepared by incorporating SCP at 0, 5, 10 and 15% level, respectively on standardised ileal digestible amino acid basis. All diets were made iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric in crumble form for starter (0-8days), grower (9-18 days), finisher 1 (19-28 days) and finisher 2 phases (29-42 days). The trial lasted for 42 days. Incorporation of SCP up to 5% resulted in similar feed intake and body weight gain as that of control, whereas it reduced significantly (p<0.01) when fed with 10 and 15% SCP diets. Feed conversion ratio and livability were unaffected among different treatments. SCP inclusion up to 15% has no effects (p>0.05) on wing yield, abdominal fat percentage, relative weights of spleen and heart, serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, ALP), protein fractions (total protein, albumin and globulin) and uric acid, mineral profile (calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride), intestinal morphometry (villi length and crypt depth) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inclusion of SCP up to 15% showed significant (p<0.01) effect on the dressing percentage, breast and thigh yield, relative weights of liver, gizzard, proventriculus, bursa, relative lengths and weights of small intestinal segments, duodenal crypt depth, jejunal and ileal villi length to crypt depth ratio, pH and cost effectiveness of SCP diets. In conclusion, our study indicates that SCP can be incorporated up to 5% without affecting the growth performance of broilers.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FRESH BANANA PLANT WASTE AND ITS SILAGE ON DRY MATTER INTAKE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN PARAMETERS IN OSMANABADI KIDS
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR- 585 401, 2015-01-01) SHIVARAM N. PATIL; T. THIRUMALESH
Growth trial of twelve weeks duration comprised two phases of six weeks each was carried out on 15 kids (8-11 months; 16 kg body weight) which were divided into three groups of 5 kids each and were fed either control diet (T1), fresh banana plant waste (FBPW) plus CFM (T2), and fresh banana plant waste silage (FBPWS) plus CFM (T3) in Phase-I. In phase-II, for all the treatment groups red gram straw (RGS) was incorporated to meet the deficit DM requirement. The total DMI (g/d) in T1, T2 and T3 groups in phase-I and II were 504.9 and 533.9; 324.1and 558.1; 395.3 and 445.5, respectively which were significantly (P<0.01) different among the groups. Significant (P<0.01) difference was observed among treatment groups in CP, NDF and ADF intake. Similarly, no difference was observed in weight gain and also in nutrient digestibility in phase-I where as digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NFE were significantly (P<0.01) different in phase-II. The DCP and TDN values of the diet in both the phases were significantly (P<0.01) different. The rumen parameters like pH, TVFAs, NH3-N, TN, TCA-N and SN were estimated from the rumen fluid collected at the initial and final of the experiment were within normal range even though some difference was observed in few rumen parameters. It was concluded that FBPW and its silage supported for maintenance level of requirement, inclusion of RGS in the diet supported higher weight gain.
Open Access
EFFECT OF FEEDING OF HYDROPONIC MAIZE (Zea mays) SPROUTS ON INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN SHEEP
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR - 585 401, 2021-02) MILAN MONOHARMAYUM; T. M. PRABHU
Grains and their sprouts were compared adopting chemical and in vitro method of evaluation. A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding hydroponic maize sprouts on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and body weight changes in sheep. The hydroponic maize grain sprouts were prepared in a low-cost poly-house under controlled environment. Grains were first washed, soaked for one day using tap water, and then wrapped with a gunny bag for 48 hours for germination. Thereafter, they were spread out in trays and were irrigated 8 times daily using tap water. The trays containing hydroponic maize grain sprouts were removed after 10 days including the days of soaking and germination, the harvested carpets were exposed to air ventilation, then weighed and shredded to small pieces before feeding to the animals. Using 18 healthy sheep of around 1year age, one month feeding trial was conducted by randomly allotting them into three groups of six each. In the control (T1) group, sheep were fed with diet comprising roughage (conventional green fodder, 50% and FMS, 10%) and compounded feed mixture (CFM) at 60:40 ratio on DM basis. The conventional green fodder comprised of Maize and Sorghum fodder in 50:50 proportion. In treatment group two (T2) proportion of conventional green fodder and CFM were reduced by 50 per cent and replaced with hydroponic maize grain sprouts HMGS (45%). In the treatment group three (T3) conventional green fodder was completely replaced with HMGS (80 %) and CFM was reduced to 25 per cent of control. The CP, EE and NFE contents were higher in HMGS as compared to conventional green fodder. DMI was significantly (p<0.01) lower in T2 and T3 groups as compared to T1. The intake of TDN (g/day) was 496.1, 340.2 and 252.2 for groups T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The intake of TDN was significantly lower in group T3 fed HMGS (replaced CGF completely). The DCP intake (g/d) in groups T1, T2 and T3 was 57.85, 34.12 and 25.22, respectively. There was also significant (p<0.01) difference in DCPI among the treatment groups. The per cent of CFM in diet of experimental groups in T1, T2 and T3 was 46.29, 26.21 and 18.66, respectively. No significant difference in body weight change between T1 and T2 groups. However, significant (p<0.05) difference in final body weight among the treatment groups was noticed. It was concluded that the feeding of hydroponic maize grain sprouts to substitute 50-100% of either CFM or conventional green fodder is not beneficial to sheep.
Open Access
EVALUATION OF JACKFRUIT (Artocarpus heterophyllus) RESIDUE SILAGE AS A SOURCE OF ROUGHAGE IN SHEEP
(KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR, 2021-03) BASAVARAJ CHITTARAGI; T. M. PRABHU
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding jack fruit residue silage as partial source of roughage on the voluntary dry matter intake, growth and efficiency of feed utilization in sheep fed straw based diet. Twelve Mandya (Bannur) lambs of three to six months of age with body weight ranging from 8.5 to 10.85 kg were selected from the flock, for growth cum digestion trial experiment. Animals were divided into two groups of six each based on body weight and age in a completely randomized design (CRD). Twelve weeks feeding trial was carried out and at 8th week of the experiment, digestion trial was carried out for six days period using all lambs from both the groups. First group (T1) of lambs were fed with finger millet straw (FMS) as the sole source of roughage, while the second group (T2) animals were fed with jackfruit residue silage to replace (50%) FMS as a source of roughage and compounded feed mixture (CFM) was fed to both the groups to balance the ration. Chemical composition analyses (%) revealed that the JFRS had higher CP (8.77 v/s 3.35) and EE (1.91 v/s 0.79) and lower TA (6.46 v/s 8.51), NDF (34.08 v/s 71.84), ADF (27.88 v/s 46.46) and ADL (1.06 v/s 3.83) contents as compared to FMS. There was no significant difference in total DMI (as g/d and % BW) between the two treatment groups (T1; 466.5 & 3.6 and T2; 481.8 & 3.59). There was significant difference (P≤0.05) in total CPI and NDFI (as g/d and per cent of body weight) between the treatment groups. There was also significant difference (P≤0.05) in ADFI (as per cent of body weight) between the two treatment groups. The ADG (g per day) for T1 and T2 groups was statistically (P≤0.05) significant (T1: 82.92 and T2: 102.5) however, the FCR was comparable between the two treatments. The mean apparent digestibility (%) of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF) and the per cent DOMDM (T1: 59.36 & T2: 61.92) were also comparable between the two treatment groups. The JFRS has an effective nutritive value, hence it can be included in the diet replacing 50 per cent of the FMS fed to growing lambs for eco-friendly and cost effective small ruminants production in India.

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