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201614
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Subject: Plant Breeding × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of wheat genotypes tolerance to terminal heat
    (JNKVV, 2016) Verma, Sudha; Shukla, R.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic studies for fodder and gain yield in selected accession of sorghum
    (JNKVV, 2016) Meena, Viswanath; Mehta, A.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic and divergence analysis in advanced lines of bresd wheat
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kabir, Pranay Mohan; Shukla, R.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on variability, correlation and genetic divergence for grain yield and its components in F3 population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kumar, Bhisham; Payasi, S.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on variability, correlation and genetic divergence for grain yield and its components in F3 population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted to estimate genetic variability, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence. Present investigation was carried out at instructional farm, college of Agriculture Rewa, under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Barley and Wheat, during Rabi season of 2014-15. The observations were recorded on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of tillers per plant, spike length, spike harvest index, number of grains per spike, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant on ten randomly selected plants from each plot. The important findings are given as below. Analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of square (MSS) were highly significant for all the characters. Out of 19 crosses the cross HD2864x GW273 was recorded highest grain yield/plant while, from parents GW366 was recorded highest grain yield per plant. The earliest days to 50% flowering were recorded for genotype WH147 x JW3269 and an earliest day to maturing was recorded by HD2864x DL788-2. Highest tillering ability, largest spike length, maximum number of grains, maximum 1000 grain weight, highest biological yield per plant, maximum spike harvest index and maximum harvest index was recorded for the cross HD2864x GW273. Highest estimates of PCV and GCV were observed for biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. High estimates of heritability was observed for characters like days to maturity, grains per spike, spike harvest index, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. In the present study, a very strong positive association of grain yield per plant was observed with 1000 grain weight, tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, grains per spike, spike length, and harvest index. Out of eleven, eight characters had positive and direct effect on grain yield per plant viz., biological yield per plant, harvest index, tillers per plant, spike harvest index, grains per spike, days to 50% flowering and spike length. In wheat, populations were grouped into 6 clusters. Among six clusters, cluster I was biggest with 9 genotypes followed by cluster V with 6 genotypes, cluster VI contains 5 genotypes, cluster IV and cluster II contains 4 genotypes. The remaining cluster III containing 2 genotype. Maximum differences among the wheat populations, within the same cluster (intra cluster) were shown by cluster VI followed by cluster V, cluster I, cluster II, cluster IV and cluster III. Cluster III and VI showed maximum inter cluster distance. Early days to 50% flowering was observed in cluster IV and with regard to days to maturity, cluster I had early maturing type. Cluster III had showed shortest plant height. In case of tillers per plant, cluster means ranged from cluster III to cluster I was observed. Out of six, five principal components exhibited more than one eigen value and showed about 79.17% variability among the traits studied for each genotypes. So, these five principal components were given due importance for the further explanation. Based on cluster analysis, the wheat genotypes were separated into six major groups. The maximum numbers of eight genotypes were in cluster II and cluster III, five genotypes in cluster IV, four genotypes in cluster VI whereas, three and two genotypes in clusters I and cluster V, respectively. Contribution of each character towards genetic divergence has been estimated from the number of times that each character appeared in the first rank. It has been observed that grain yield per plant was highest contributor towards divergence followed by harvest index, days to maturity and grains/spike.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological characterization and genetic analysis for yield and quality traits in niger
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kumar, Vinod; Bisen, Rajani
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization and Genetic Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Niger” was conducted under Project Coordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2015. This investigation was carried out with 71 germplasm of niger in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice. Data were recorded on flower petal colour, number of petal per capitula, stem pigmentation, stem hairiness, leaf colour, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf serration of margin, leaf angle of branching, margin of corolla, plant branching pattern, seed shape, seed coat colour, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, days to maturity, 1000 seed weight, seed length, seed yield per plant, oil content (%) and FFA content (%). The objective of this study was to characterize niger germplasm based on morphological traits, study the genetic variability, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis, genetic divergence and rank germplasm based on principal component analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Niger germplasm were characterized on the basis of thirteen morphological traits viz., flower petal color, number of petal per capitulum, stem pigmentation, stem hairiness, leaf colour, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf serration of margin, leaf angle of branching, margin of corolla, plant branching pattern, seed shape and seed coat colour. From the study of these characters we can easily identify different germplasm. The high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for seed yield per plant, free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, plant height and seed length. Similarly, low PCV and GCV were observed for oil content (%), 1000 seed weight, days of 50% flowering and days to maturity. Most of the characters expressed high estimates of broad sense heritability except number of primary branches per plant which showed moderate heritability. The highest genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for seed yield per plant followed by free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, seed length, number of primary branches per plant and plant height. Moderate genetic advance was observed for oil content (%),and low for 1000 seed weight, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The study revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seed yield per plant, free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, seed length and plant height, while high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was observed for oil content (%). On the basis of correlation and path studies of the present investigation, most important traits identified among the promising germplasm of niger were seed length, number of capitula per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches per plant and days to 50% flowering. Mahalanobis D2 analysis was conducted by Tocher’s method. Out of eleven, Cluster II was the largest among all clusters comprising 19 germplasm followed by cluster I (18 germplasm), cluster IX (9 germplasm), cluster X (6 germplasm), cluster VII (6 germplasm), cluster XI (5 germplasm) and cluster IV (4 germplasm). Cluster III, V, VI and VIII were monotypic. The highest intra cluster distance was recorded by cluster X followed by cluster IX, cluster XI, cluster IV, cluster VII, cluster II and Cluster I. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between the clusters VII and XI followed by clusters IV and XI, clusters VI and VII, clusters II and XI, clusters VII and IX, clusters V and VII, clusters IV and VI, clusters IV and V and clusters IX and XI. The highest cluster mean values were recorded for days to 50% flowering and oil content (%) in cluster V, number of primary branches, plant height and days to maturity in cluster VI, number of secondary branches, number of capitula per plant, seed length, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant in cluster XI. Out of eleven, only 8 principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0.5 Eigen value and showed about 88.32 % variability among the traits studied. Rotated component matrix revealed that the PC1 accounted for the highest variation (25.78%) which was mostly related with yield attributing traits such as number of secondary branches/plant, number of capitula per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant (g) and seed length. PC2 accounted for number of primary branches per plant and free fatty acid content (%). PC3 accounted for characters viz., days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. PC4 accounted for characters oil content (%) and PC5 accounted for plant height. The PC scores of the each component (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5) had positive and negative values. Germplasm lines showing maximum positive PC scores and common in PC1, PC2 and PC4 which are mostly related with yield and quality traits are PHULE-4, CH-7, 5-1, BPB-1, NO.14, NO.36, EC158669, GA-5, GOUDAGOUDA, NO-1, IGP-76, IGP-37, DB-500, 41-52 and EC 158671. Maximum negative values were recorded in NC-63592, CH-32, IGP-234, NO.5, EC-158673, COMP-II, 5-4, RCR-64, NC-63595 and COMB-2 germplasm lines for traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and free fatty acid content (%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis of important morphological and fodder yielding traits in rice bean
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kujur, Monica Jyoti; Bilaiya, S.K.
    ABSTRACT Rice bean [Vigna umbellate (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] is a less known and underutilized legume, has emerged as a potential legume because of its nutritional potential, high fodder yielding potential and no major pest and disease incidence. It belongs to Fabaceae family having chromosome number 2n=22. Rice bean is considered to have been domesticated in Southeast Asia. Currently, the estimated availability of feed resources at the national level in terms of dry fodder, green fodder and concentrates is around 360, 619 and 54 million tons, respectively and the corresponding deficits are 25, 20 and 32 percent. There is tremendous pressure of livestock on available feed and fodder, as arable land available for fodder production has been decreasing. So this research work is undertaken with objective to study the extent of genetic variability of morphological and economic traits, estimate the direction and magnitude of association of traits with yield, estimate direct and indirect effect of various characters on fodder yield and estimate genetic divergence through D2 statistics. The investigation was carried at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, during Kharif, 2015. The experimental material comprised of 85 germplasm lines of ricebean in randomized complete block design carried out in three replications. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants from each replication per treatment. Data were recorded for days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, number of branches, stem diameter, root length, root volume, root nodules, fresh root weight, dry root weight, green fodder yield per plant, green fodder yield per plant per day, dry fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per day, crude protein yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant per day, leaf stem ratio. The ANOVA indicated that the mean sum of squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all traits under study indicating substantial variability is present and genetic base is broadened. All the PCV values were higher than the GCV values for each character. The high PCV and GCV values were recorded by crude protein per day, green fodder yield per plant per day, green fodder yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant, number of leaves per plant, root volume, dry matter yield per plant per day, dry root weight, dry matter yield per plant, fresh root weight, number of nodules per plant, root length, leaf area, plant height, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, leaf stem ratio, days to 50% flowering and the lowest PCV and GCV recorded for days to flower initiation. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for plant height, leaf area, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, root length, nodules per plants, green fodder yield per plant day, crude protein yield per plant per day whereas, high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was observed for days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering. The results indicate the preponderance of additive gene action. On the basis of correlation of the present investigation, the most important traits identified among the promising genotypes of ricebean are green fodder yield per plant per day, number of branches per plant, leaf stem ratio, crude protein yield per plant, crude protein yield per plant per day, dry matter yield per plant per day, dry matter yield per plant and plant height. Hence, direct selection may be effective for the improvement of these characters and enhancement in the yield potential of future genotypes of ricebean may be achieved. The path coefficient analysis revealed that green fodder yield per plant per day recorded high estimate of positive direct effect for crude protein yield per plant and dry matter yield per plant per day, while days to 50% flowering, days to flower initiation and plant height recorded low value of positive direct effect on green fodder yield per plant. The very high negative direct effect on green fodder yield per plant was exhibited by crude protein yield per plant per day and dry matter yield per plant, while dry root weight recorded low value of negative direct effect on green fodder yield per plant. On the basis of D2 values, the 85 genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters out of which five were polygenotypic and one was monogenotypic. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and VI followed by cluster V and VI, cluster III and VI, cluster IV and VI whereas least inter cluster divergence was observed between genotypes of cluster I and VI, while highest intra cluster value was observed for Cluster VI followed by cluster IV, cluster II, cluster I and cluster III while, cluster V had no intra cluster divergence indicating that the hybridization within cluster or between the genotypes of distant clusters will lead to the desirable recombinants and broadening of genetic base for the future ricebean genotypes. In addition, the highest percentage contribution towards divergence was due to dry root weight, dry matter yield per plant, nodules per plant, crude protein yield per plant, root volume, green fodder yield per plant, fresh root weight, root length, green fodder yield per plant per day, number of leaves per plant, days to flower initiation, leaf stem ratio, dry matter yield per plant per day and leaf area, stem diameter, plant height, number of branches per plant and days to 50% flowering. Crude protein yield per plant per day had no contribution towards divergence. Five genotypes JRB 07-35-3, KRB 86-1, JRO 15-6 JRB 08-6-1 and JRB 08-6 have been identified as putative genotypes showing higher mean values for days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, green fodder yield per plant per day, dry matter yield per plant, dry matter yield per plant per day, crude protein yield per plant and crude protein yield per plant per day along with green fodder yield per plant. These genotypes may be utilized further in ricebean breeding programme to achieve better future genotypes or varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access