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ThesisItem Open Access Performance of micro-finance providers in Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) I.B.Bhuvan; N.N.KarnoolSelf Help Groups (SHGs) form the basic constituent unit of the microfinance movement in India. An SHG is a group of a few individuals – usually poor and often women – who pool their savings into a fund from which they can borrow as and when necessary. Over the time banks begin to lend to the group funded out of the savings generated by the group members themselves, are called “inter-loans” . The Role of NGOs in Microfinance: Self Help Groups are almost always formed with outside assistance. Developmental NGOs, often with considerable history of working in a particular area for projects like literacy, sanitation etc., take to organizing SHGs, bringing together people, explaining the concept to them. In the year 2005-2006 the total number of SHGs credit linked grew up to 61,730. The compound growth rate of number of SHGs credit linked increased at the rate of 71.19 per cent per annum. Similarly, bank loan disbursed to SHGs was found to be growing at the compound growth rate of 95.97 per cent and refinance to banks from apex level institutions increased at a compound growth rate of 75.83 per cent. The highest impact was found in Chitradurga district where the income before the establishment or working of the NGO’s was Rs. 19,862.50 and after the working of the NGO’s started there income rose to Rs. 42,775 and their ‘t’ value was 6.78, these were because of the higher lending towards the priority sector. The most acute problem is the lack of time to participate in all the activities of all the SHGs. This can be stated because the index value for it is significant here there were less number of people who were monitoring the SHGs thus all the activities of all the SHGs could not be monitored by less.ThesisItem Open Access Management appraisal of district central co-operative bank – a case of D.C.C.bank shimoga, karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) G.S.Harshitha; S.B.MahajanashettiFarm credit is a strategic input and demand for it steadily increased with the advent of modern technology. Among the various financial institutions, the co-operatives have emerged as a major source of agricultural credit. A three- tier system of co-operative credit structure came into existence to meet short term and medium term credit requirements of the farmers. An enquiry into the working of DCC bank Shimoga could reveal interesting facts about the bank’s performance according to geographical variations. Two DCC bank branches were selected for the study, which represented two different geographical regions. The study was based on both primary and secondary data. The growth in the number of branches, employees, membership and deposit account was positive and significant. Except the number of loan account and over due amount all the other financial variables showed positive and significant growth. The liquidity and solvency position of the bank was found to be sound. However, the net profit to net worth ratio was found to be negative from 1998-99 to 2002-03. The recovery percentage for the selected DCC bank branches increased over the years. The regression analysis suggested that the variables, namely experience and training undergone by Chairman and Managing Director positively and significantly influenced the overall performance of the bank. The discriminant function indicated that higher level of education and family size tended to increase the number of willful defaulters.ThesisItem Open Access Post libralization scenario of coffee industry - A case study of coorg district(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) M.T.Pavitha; H.S.S.KhanCoffee occupies a place of pride among plantation crops grown in India. It is the second largest traded commodity next to petroleum. The study was conducted in Coorg district of Karnataka, which is the highest producer of Coffee. Data was collected from Madikeri, Somwarpet and Gonikoppal. The analytical techniques included were Trend, Tabular and growth analysis. The results revealed that trends in domestic prices and International prices of both Arabica and Robusta decreased significantly in the earlier period, than in the mid period the prices started increasing. While, in the later period the prices again started decreasing. About 30 per cent of the categories of 4-10 ha of Robusta and Arabica growers have reduced the area due to pests and diseases. All the categories (<4 ha, 4-10 ha and >10 ha) had reduced the cost of cultivation by reducing the round or quantity of fertilizer application, irrigation cost, taking less number of shade lopping and weeding. As a result they realized the yield reduction. Quantity of coffee processed was 2500 tonnes. Total variable cost formed a substantial component (97%) of the total cost of processing of which cost of raw materials (87%) constituted the major component of the total variable cost. Total quantity of output was found to be 2125 tonnes out of 2500 tonnes indicating 85 per cent of recovery. The net returns per tonne of output found to be Rs.1373 per tonne. Total quantity of coffee exported exhibited a growth rate of 4.1 per cent per annum with the unit price registering negative growth rate of 5.8 per cent. Most of the small farmers are demanding for coffee board to carry out the marketing of coffee.ThesisItem Open Access Market intervention scheme in karnataka: an analysis of its usefulness to the farmers(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) Rajkumar P.Koudal; S.B.MahajanashettiMarket intervention scheme is to protect the farmers against distress sale of agricultural / horticultural commodities known as minimum support price. This scheme is also known as "Floor price scheme for Agricultural / horticultural commodities in Karnataka". The study was undertaken in Dharwad and Gadag district of Karnataka, to analyse the coverage of farmers, extent of production procured, socio-economic factors of farmers choice and constraints faced by the farmers. Four taluks viz., Dharwad and navalgund in Dharwad districts, Gadag and mundargi in Gadag districts were selected based on maximum procurement of maize and onion respectively. From each taluk top two villages accounting for maximum procurement were selected. From each village 60 farmers, 30 availing market intervention scheme (MIS) benefits and 30 not availing MIS benefits were selected, to analyse the socio economic characteristics responsible for such distinctions. The study employed the tabular presentation and discriminant function analysis. The coverage of small farmers under MIS for onion and maize crops in Gadag and Dharwad districts were around 53 percent and 52 percent respectively. Socio economic factors influencing farmers’ choice of sale between procurement agencies and open market sales for maize and onion were level of production, total income of the farmer and distance from procurement center. Total production procured under MIS in Dharwad and Gadag districts for maize and onion crops were around 42 percent and 43 percent respectively of the total quantity sold by small farmers. The net price received by the farmers was higher in case of procurement centers compared to that of open market sales. Majority of the farmers opined that fair average quality standards (FAQ), procedural problems and delayed payments were the major constraints in availing MIS benefits.ThesisItem Open Access A study on quality, grading and prices of jowar and maize in northern Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) Somanagouda I.Patil; S.B.MajahanashettiAgriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy. Agriculture sector contributes nearly 21 per cent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India, while about 65-70 per cent of the population is dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. The recent technological advances have tremendously helped in transforming the subsistence nature of agricultural sector with the introduction of high yielding varieties, expansion of irrigation facilities, increased application of yield enhancing inputs and farm mechanization. However, the overall economic condition of a vast majority of farmers is far from being satisfactory owing to their inability to realize reasonable returns from the output they produce. However, the deficiency that has been posing problem to both producers and consumers in the marketing process without any appreciable solution is ‘lack of grading of farm produce’. Grading is the process of sorting unlike lot of produce into uniform classes according to certain intrinsic quality factors and physical characteristics that include moisture content, foreign matter, admixture, extent of damage, extent of immature produce, pest infestation, weevil attack, and extent of shriveled produce. Further, Dharwad is also important jowar producer. Samples were collected during the crop year 2006-07. The total sample size was 120. For each cereal crops two leading varieties were selected and 30 samples from each variety were selected. It was hypothesized that, the price depends on both quality and non-quality characteristics. The quality factors analyzed in the study were colour, carbohydrates, slightly damaged grains, test weight, crude fiber, immatured grains, foreign matter and acid content. It was hypothesized that eye sight grades deviate from scientific grades quite significantly and that they don’t reflect actual quality of the produce. In order to test this hypothesis, it was necessary to determine scientific grades. This was accomplished on the basis of scientific measurements of all quality characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access An analysis of meat consumption pattern and its retailing: a case of Dharwad district(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) H.N.Raghavendra; S.B.MajahanashettiThe present study made an attempt to analyze the existing consumption pattern of meat types by individual households and bulk consumers, and individual household’s preference for different meat types. The study also worked out the economics of retailing of selected meat types. The primary data was collected for the year 2006-07 and used in the analysis. A majority of the households consumed chicken and mutton followed by beef and pork as it was required for preparing curry, biryani, fry, etc. Husbands made the meat consumption decisions in about 64.44% urban households and about 70.37% rural households respectively. The average household consumption was more in case of chicken and it varied from 40 gram/day to 384 gram/day in urban area and 25 gram/day to 129 gram/day in rural areas. All the hotels consumed chicken on daily basis followed by mutton and beef. Hotels utilized these meats for preparing curry, biryani, masala, etc. A majority of the hostels utilized chicken on weekly basis for preparing curry and fry. Most of the urban households ranked mutton first and chicken second. In rural areas, households ranked chicken first and mutton second. Both urban and rural households assigned beef and pork third and fourth ranks. Among the factors considered for purchasing meat, nutritive value was the most important among urban households. However, among rural households, taste was the most important factor. The average profit margin per kilogram of chicken, mutton, beef and pork was Rs.10.43, Rs. 16.11, Rs.13.93 and Rs.22.86 respectively. The major problems faced by the consumers and retailers were high price for chicken and mutton, fear of diseases for chicken, poor quality in case of beef etc.ThesisItem Open Access Development of picking wise grade standards and study of price behaviour of cotton in Hubli and Raichur markets of karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) Sangmesh Biradar; R.A.YeledhalliThe present study was undertaken in cotton markets of Raichur and Hubli. The specific objectives of the study were the study of spatial and temporal variations in prices of cotton, to develop the picking-wise grade standards in cotton, to study the picking-wise quality and price variation in cotton and to determine the price qualitative and non-qualitative characteristics relationship. The variation in cotton prices were analysed by employing the technique of analysis of variance using the monthly data on minimum prices, maximum prices and modal prices collected from two markets of Raichur and Hubli for different cotton varieties over the time period from 1994 to 2004. Composite indexing technique was employed to develop picking-wise grade standards. For the purpose of identifying the importance of each parameter appropriate weights were assigned to quality factors of cotton. Step-wise multiple regression technique was employed to study the influence of quality and non-quality factors on prices of cotton. A large number of variables were found to be insignificant in determining prices of cotton by visual inspection. It reveals from the previous studies that only eye sight grading is being practiced in almost all the cotton market, by which farmers receives lower price as a result lower returns. The farmers could realise higher price through adoption of scientific grade standards may be notified in all the regulated markets through appropriate legislation for its implementation. There is also need for extension services so as to make aware of the level of pickings and the standards to the farmers through training and demonstrations, to reap the advantages of scientific grading in cotton. It reveals from the study that qualitative factors have influenced the cotton prices to a larger extent. Hence these quality parameters could be improved through advanced technology, research and development.ThesisItem Open Access A study on quality, grading and prices of seed cocoon in north karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) Sandeep N.Katambale; N.N.KarnoolThe present study was undertaken in bivoltine seed cocoon area of Belgaum and Uttar Kannada district. The specific objectives of the study were the development of grade standards for bivoltine seed cocoon, to study the influence of quality and non-quality factors on price, to study the cost and returns of bivoltine seed cocoon, to study the trend in prices of bivoltine seed cocoon and problems faced by the farmers in production and marketing of bivoltine seed cocoon. Composite indexing technique was employed to develop grade standards. For the purpose of identifying the importance of each parameter appropriate weights were assigned to quality factors of seed cocoon. Stepwise multiple regression technique was employed to study the influence of quality and non quality factors on prices of seed cocoon. A large number of variables were found insignificant in determining the price of seed cocoon by visual inspection. This makes clear that there is a need to evaluate quality characters of seed cocoon to determine the price paid to the producers in accordance with quality. The gross and net returns from the seed cocoon were amounted to Rs. 89,219 and 45,036 per acre of mulberry garden respectively. among the cost components operation cost formed the major item of cost. The price of seed cocoon in both Belgaum and Sirsi market shows increasing trend. The major problems expressed by the farmers in production were incident of pest and disease, non availability of dfl’s in time, high wages to workers and in marketing of seed cocoon fluctuation in prices, unremunerative prices, absence of quality based pricing which can be over come by strengthening extension system, providing adequate credit facility and introducing scientific grading.ThesisItem Open Access Vegetable seed marketing in Belgaum district: an analysis of market structure and farmers’ preferences(UAS, Dharwad, 2007) Raju Hosamani; S.B.MahajanashettiIn India, agriculture contributes around 21 per cent to the grass domestic product while providing employment to around 60 per cent to country’s work force. Karnataka is one of the major states in the production of vegetables in South India, with an area of 3.67 lakh hectares under vegetable production, producing 44.94 tonnes of vegetables. Belgaum is the second largest district in the state in terms of both area (35,554 ha) and production (4,59,724 tonnes) of vegetables next only to Kolar district, which has an area of 40,680 ha with a production of 7,24,927 tonnes, followed by Dharwad, Bagalkot, Shimoga, Bijapur and others. The important taluks growing vegetables in the district include Khanpur, Belgaum and Saundatti. To satisfy the continuous demand for vegetable seeds by the farmers, several seed companies in the corporate sector are supplying seeds in the district. Some of the important companies, which supply seeds for this region include Namadari seeds Pvt. Ltd., Seminis Seeds Pvt. Ltd, Golden Seeds Pvt. Ltd, Shri Ram Bioseed genetics India Ltd., Sungrow, J. K. Seeds, Indo America hybrid seeds and Bejosheethal Pvt. Ltd. For the study, primary data were collected for eliciting the opinions of farmer respondents and vegetable seed dealers using pre-tested and well structured questionnaires. The trend in area and production of vegetables and sale of vegetable seeds was computed using the time series. Tabular analysis was used to assess product promotion measures adopted by firms for selected vegetable seeds, farmers’ preference in vegetable seed purchases and problems in vegetable seed marketing as perceived by dealers and users/farmers. The Lorenz curve technique was used to analyse market structure for vegetable seeds at dealers’ level and the Garrett’s ranking technique was used for farmers’ preferences in vegetable seeds purchases.