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ThesisItem Open Access Physical and Psychological Wellbeing of Urban and Rural Elderly: Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-01) Badami, Sumangala; Yenagi, Ganga V.The study was carried out on randomly selected 540 Rural and Urban male and female elderly from Dharwad Taluka under the age group of 60-74, 75-84 and 85 & above. Data was collected through exploratory and personal interview methods.The results revealed that, majority of the elderly had no health problems and very few of them reported severe health problems. Health status was significantly associated with age, gender, marital status and occupation in case of rural elderly. Majority of the 60-74 yrs age group Rural and Urban elderly had good health status (66.7%) and (78.9%). Significant and positive relationship was found between health status and functional abilities among the elderly. Involvement of rural and urban elderly in leisure time activities was significantly associated with gender and occupation. It had also positive and significant relationship with functional abilities. Majority of the sample were able to perform the daily activities independently. Age, gender, caste, locality, education, family type, family size, marital status, occupation, socio-economic status and overall adjustment had significant influence on levels of functioning such as physical, psycho-motor and sensory, socio emotional, cognitive and overall functional ability of the elderly. Urban elderly showed better functional abilities than their rural counterparts. Caste and marital status had significant influence on family members attitude towards their elderly in rural area. Majority of the elderly showed good adjustment in the areas like social, home, emotional and overall adjustment. Age, gender, locality, education, family type, family size, marital status, occupation, socio-economic status had significant influence on adjustment. On the basis of the results elderly with physical, psychological and adjustment problems, an intervention programme was delivered for 15 weeks with two sessions / week and each session was for two hours, in two villages of Dharwad Taluka on the experimental group with a designed educational training program. Intervention programme had significant and positive impact on the physical, psychological health status and adjustment pattern of the rural elderly.ThesisItem Open Access Life Skills and Social Networking Among Emerging Adults(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-01) Hundekar, Parwatemma; Yadav, V. S.The study on Life skills and social networking among emerging adults was conducted during the year 2015-16 with objective to identify the level of life skills and to assess how the social networking (SN) influencing life skills. The study comprised 1024 emerging adults with the age range of 18-30 years and data were collected through online and offline survey. Results revealed that the developed scale is standardized. On life skills, 81 to 88 per cent of emerging adults were highly dominant in decision making, effective communication and coping with stress. Correspondingly, 72% to 78% of emerging adults were more prone to self awareness, interpersonal relationship, creative thinking and empathy, Similarly 46% to 59% of emerging adults were predominant in problem solving, critical thinking and coping with emotion. On social networking, majority of the emerging adults had more online friends and round 98.5 percent of the respondents were possessed the mobile phone and they preferred mobile phones (97.0%) for communication and 100 per cent of them connect to the internet through mobiles. On an average, the respondents spent 2 hour 30 minutes in internet per week and 1 hour 7 minutes in social networking sites daily. Around 98 percent of the respondents were quoted the reasons for using SN is to make new friends and they were connecting and sharing their personal details only to those very close to them (79.1%). Around 87 per cent were to create the account with their original name to form their own identity in the online forum and they trusted the online because of immediate response (95.0%) as well use used privacy settings (73.6%) as safety measures. About 84 per cent experienced cyber bullying and perceived that the bullies did the bullying due to take revenge, fun and entertainment (87.0%) and felt frustrated (93.0%), hurt (83.4%) and scared (83.4%). Hence they countered the cyber bullying by discussing with their friends (92.0%). Social networking properties namely, activities do in the SN sites, alternatives using to maintain privacy, identity, trust and safety measures, types of cyber bullying the respondents experienced, their feelings and methods to counter the cyber bullying showed negative relationship with life skills such as problem solving, decision making, critical thinking, effective communication, interpersonal relationship, empathy, coping with emotions and stress. Social networking properties showed positive relationship with self awareness and there was no relationship between social networking properties and creative thinking skills.ThesisItem Open Access Moral Development of Children: Correlates and Intervention(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-08) Priya Kumari; Khadi, Pushpa B.Moral development of children (6 to 15 years) studied on a sample of 480 from Government and Private schools of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka and Kudra taluk, Bihar revealed that, higher proportion of children (6 to 12 years) from both regions fell in high level of moral values. A higher percentage of children of Dharwad (44%) and only 19 percent from Kudra were in very high category. Only six and thirteen percent from Dharwad and Kudra respectively fell in medium level. None of the children were in low and very low level. On moral judgment among 13 to 15 years, majority from both regions were in moderate level, while 13.9 and 16.7 percent of Dharwad and Kudra respectively were in high level. None of the children were in low level. As majority of high school children in comparison to primary school children of both regions were in moderate level and few were in high level of moral judgment, correlates of moral judgment viz., spiritual, emotional and general intelligence, parenting and family environment of 72 children of Dharwad was studied. Moral judgment was significantly and positively related to emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence and parenting, but not with general intelligence. Few dimensions of family environment were significantly related with moral judgment. The intervention programme consisted of moral dilemmas, poems and stories facilitating character building and manners given in 20 sessions of 2 hours each with 5 session/week to 74 children in both regions. Intervention proved to be effective as the scores of moral judgment was significantly higher at post test, score on immanent justice, moral realism was significantly higher in Dharwad children while score on efficacy of severe punishment was higher in children of Kudra. There was also a shift from pre-conventional to conventional and post conventional stage of moral development among 58 percent of children.ThesisItem Open Access INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS USED FOR HEALTH CARE OF PEOPLE IN SHIKARIPUR TALUK OF SHIMOGA DISTRICT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WOMEN AND CHILDREN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) ANUPAMA, C; SAROJA, KABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF RURAL WOMEN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) GIDDIYAVAR, SHASHIKALA D; GAONKAR, VABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PARENTING STYLES : EFFECT ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) T, AMBIKA; KHADI, PUSHPAThe present study " Parenting styles Effect on Social Development and Academic Competence of pre-school children " was conducted in rural and urban areas of Dharwad taluka of Karnataka state during 1998-99. The sample was selected through multistage sampling method which comprised of 128 pre-school children (3+ to 5+ years) and their parents in which 64 each were accepted and rejected on the basis of socio-metric ratings. Data was collected through questionnaire for literates and by interviewing for illiterates. Results revealed that in both rural and urban areas parents of accepted children were significantly higher on authoritative and permissive pattern than parents of rejected children. Accepted children were significantly higher on co-operation, assertion and self-control than rejected children in both rural and urban areas. Rural accepted boys had significantly higher externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours than rural accepted girls, whereas no such difference was found among urban group. In both rural and urban areas accepted children were academically more competent than rejected children. Among rural group, father authoritative pattern significantly influenced the social skills whereas authoritarian pattern of fathers influenced selfcontrol and total social skills. However both authoritative and authoritarian pattern by fathers significantly and negatively influenced the internalizing problem behaviours. Among urban group, the externalizing problem behaviours were influenced significantly and positively by mothers' authoritative pattern while mother^ authoritarian pattern had a significant and negative influence. Fathers authoritative pattern had positive and significant influence on the academic competence of rural children whereas authoritarian pattern of fathers significantly and negatively influenced the academic competence of urban children. Rural parents parenting styles were significantly influenced by socioeconomic factors like gender of the child, parents' education, caste, fathers' occupation and economic status of family whereas only parents' age was the influencing factor in case of urban group. Both academic competence and social skills of rural children were significantly and negatively influenced by caste while they were significantly and positively influenced by mother^ occupation. However problem behaviours of urban children were significantly influenced by family size and parents' age.ThesisItem Open Access PROBLEMS OF FEMALE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IN MUNDARAGI TALUK OF GADAG DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) METI, RAJESHWARI D; SAROJA, KThe present study aimed at studying the various problems in the family and rural community background context of female agricultural labourers. This study conducted during the year 1998-99 in ten randomized villages of Mundaragi taluk, had a randomized sample of 140 female labourers. A subsample of ten respondents was purposively selected for case studies to gain deeper insights into their problems. Majority (71%) of respondents were married before the legal age for marriage. All the respondents were facing the problems of health, no work during off season/drought and work-related problems. Majority of respondents were found to face the problem of food (93%), childcare (93%), collection of fire wood and drinking water (91%). Nearly one-third of them were found to face marital problems. One-fourth of them were found to be female heads of the family. An empirical model of sequence of life events of the sample; was formulated from the results. This model revealed that the poverty, large sized family, child labour, illiteracy and lack of food which were present in natal family of the respondent continued to exist even in her marital family. Thus the threat of continuation of the vicious circle of poverty and associated factors was found to be real in the next generation. Results imply an imminent multipronged effort to break this circle. Important among the efforts suggested were 1) Proper distribution of sufficient quantity of food grains to the agricultural labourers through fair price shop. 2) Implementation of labour laws, provision of creche and Anganwadi facilities for the whole day. 3) Need to increase the number of ANMs and general improvement of rural health care. 4) Removal of arrack shops from all villages. 5] As none of the sample were found to aware of government rural development/ poverty alleviation programmes operating, it is suggested that the active participation of the women agricultural labourers need to be sought by the concerned officials. 6) It is suggested that the procedures for procuring loan from the banks need to be simplified and made easily available to the rural poor.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE, CONSTRAINTS AND PROBLEMS OF ELECTED WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES OF GRAM PANCHAYAT IN DHARWAD TALUK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAMILY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) KUKANUR, HULAGEVVA; SAROJA, KAll the Elected Women Representatives (EWRs) of Gram Panchyat (GP) of Dharwad taluk who completed one full tenure from 1994 to 2000 barring those who have died and migrated formed the sample of 153. Ten were selected as sub sample for case studies; personal interviews observation and case study were the methods used. Results reveled that majority belonged to SC/ST castes and to families hving below the poverty line. Majority were in the age group of 45 to 60 years, illiterate and worked as agricultural laborers with no land holding or marginal land holding. Majority were married, had grown-up children and belonged to large sized families. Majority had no political background but had the support of one or the other political party in fighting election. Two thirds received financial support from the party. Majority had contested first time from the reserved constituency and elected through ballot. Twenty four percent used mass media as a source of information regarding GP. Vlajority had the knowledge regarding their tenure conducting regular meetings and tax collection. But most of them lacked knowledge regarding special and emergency meetings, quorum for conducting meetings, cancellation oi membership, no confidence motion, developmental schemes, financial matters, annual reports and budget. 86°'o attended the panchyat meetings regularly, 3/4"^ participated in discussions. 90% complained that they faced both direct and indirect opposition to their participation in discussions from the male members. 55''^o did not participate in the standing committee. Majority had no knowledge regarding the purpose and functions of the standing committee. 89% did not participate in efforts to solve the community issues. Less than 50% attended three training programmes and many felt that training programmes increased their knowledge. Loss of daily wages was the main reason for not attending training programmes. Some of the respondents carried out activities mainly in the areas of health, family planning, education and welfare. Only 16%) took up pro-active steps like formation of self-help groups, efforts to solve alcoholism formation of DWACRA Group and Mahila Mandal.ThesisItem Open Access BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN: PREVALENCE AND INTERVENTION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) MUDALINGAMMANAVAR, PUSHPA, U; KHADI, PUSHPA. BThe study on 'Beharvioral Problems Among School -age Children: Prevalence and Intervention' carried out in Dharwad urban area during the year 2000-2002 revealed that the prevalence was ranged from 12.31-17.64 per cent. Higher percent of children (50-80%) had externalizing problems compared to internalizing problems. Higher percentage of boys among all schools had externalizing problems compared to girls. Boys from Government and Aided schools had high level of externalizing problems (hperkinetic, conduct, hostile/aggression). Higher percentage of girls than boys from Government, Aided and Private schools had high level of internalizing problems (withdrawn/solitary, anxiety/depression). Higher percentage of boys had learning problems and boys and girls were equally on high level. Older children had significantly more of impulsive problems compared to younger children. Children from nuclear families had higher levels of psychosocial problems and were significantly higher had externalizing problems. Combined effect of psychosocial, demographic and socio - economic factor brought about a significant variation of 33 per cent in externalizing problems and 32 per cent in internalizing problems. Mother's education was the only factor, which significantly reduced the learning problems among children. Intervention to children had significant impact in reducing the externalizing problems such as inattention, hyperactivity, total hyperkinetic problems, conduct problems, hostile/aggression, enhancing attention span, perceptual ability, concentration and in improving cooperation, assertion, self control social skills and in reducing learning problems and scholastic backwardness among children. Intervention to parents had significant impact in reducing psychosocial problems prevailing in the low SES families. About 25per cent of the primary schools were randomly selected from three strata, i.e. Government, Aided and Private schools. Children with behavioral problems were identified using the developed rating scale. Two schools were selected to study psychosocial factors and socio demographic factors influencing the behavioral problems (N=87). A total sample jaf 56 children who exhibited a high level of externalizing behavioral problems were randomly assorted in to two groups (experimental (28) and control (28)) and by matching on age, gender, grade, socio-economic status. The intervention program was provided for children about six months. For their_parents/ guardian, knowledge was imparted with the help of developed intervention package and through series of guest lectures from experts in the field of psychology, &Homeopathy and child development.