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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WILT COMPLEX OF BETELVINE (Piper betle Linn.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) PARAMESHWARI, B; LINGARAJU, SA survey on the occurrence of root-knot disease in Haveri, Koppal and Bagalkot districts revealed 0.0 to 86.7 per cent root knot disease incidence. The present survey also indicated the association of Meloidogyne spp. with fungi, namely, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Fusarium solani in most of the locations surveyed, with a high frequency of occurrence of both the groups of these pathogens (nematode and either of the three fungi) from soil and root samples collected from Haveri district. Meloidogyne spp. were found to be the most predominant nematode pathogen associated with betelvine as revealed by a community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes. On the basis of perineal patterns, prevailing root-knot nematode was identified as M. incognita. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that M. incognita, S. rolfsii, R. bataticola and F. solani were pathogenic to betelvine. The effect of the simultaneous inoculations of M. incognita with either S. rolfsii or R. bataticola or F. solani on growth of betelvine cv. Ambadi was additive in nature. However, when M. incognita was inoculated with all the three fungi, the resultant effect was more than simple additive effect. Individually, S. rolfsii was the most aggressive pathogen followed by R. bataticola, F. solani and M. incognita. Occurrence of M. incognita in combination with S. rolfsii, R. bataticola and F. solani, not only increased the severity of disease but also shortened the incubation period for disease expression. A reduction in root-knot index and final nematode population was observed in various combinations of nematode and fungi inoculations. In an integrated management study conducted in a naturally affected betelvine garden, it was found that a combined application of an organic amendment (Enriched farmyard manure) with a biocontrol agent (Trichoderma viride) and chemicals (Carbofuran, Carboxin and Carbendazim) was found to be efficaceous in reducing the wilt-complex incidence, nematode population, number of galls and Competitive Saprophytic Ability of S. rolfsii and R. bataticola.ThesisItem Open Access SILT AND SAND MINERALOGY OF SELECTED ASSOCIATED RED AND BLACK SOILS OF NORTH KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) NATARAJA, K C; BASAVARAJ, BSix soil profiles from three sites of North Karnataka viz., Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad in Dharwad district, Bheemarayanagudi in Gulbarga district and Mantagani in Haveri district were collected to identify and determine the secondary and primary minerals silt and sand fractions. Identification of primary minerals in silt and sand fractions was made by XRD and petrographic method respectively and determination of secondary minerals in the silt fraction through chemical methods. It was revealed that structure in red and black pedons were predominantly sub-angular blocky and angular blocky in subsurface horizon of Bheemarayanagudi black pedon. Slickensides were common feature in black pedons and their intensity was more in middle of the solumn. Free iron oxides content was more in red pedon compared to the associated black pedon. Among the three study sites, Bheemarayanagudi had low amount of free iron oxides as it was devoid of iron bearing minerals while free calcium carbonate was more at Bheemarayanagudi sites than Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad and Mantagani sites. Smectite and vermiculite content was more over other secondary minerals in the silt fraction of all the red and black pedons and little amount of Kaolinite was found in the pedons. Among the primary minerals quartz, mica, potassium and sodium feldspars were dominant as identified by XRD in the silt fractions of all the pedons. Fine sand fraction showed the dominance of light minerals like quartz, biotite mica, Na-Feldspars, K-Feldspars and apatite. The abundance of these minerals is high at the surface layer of Dharwad black pedon compared to its red counterpart indicating more weathering status of the associated red pedon. Whereas, these difference is not much conspicuous in other two sites. However, the presence of weathering resistant minerals like zirconium throughout the depths of both red and black pedons of Mantagani site indicated similar weathering status of the associated red and black pedon.ThesisItem Open Access STANDARDIZATION OF IN VITRO REGENERATION PROTOCOL FOR SELECTED GENOTYPES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) NAGHABUSHANA NAYIDU, K; GIRIRAJ, KAn experiment was conducted in Sunflower Helianthus annuus L.) to standardize in vitro regeneration protocol for selected genotypes. The four genotypes used in the study were DSH-15B (Parental line of DSH-1), RH-857 (Restorer line of DSH-1), 6D-1 (Parental line of KBSH-1) and a popular Open pollinated variety (Morden). The various explants used were lower cotyledon, upper cotyledon, shoot tip and hypocotyls which were dissected from one week old seedlings asceptically germinated on half strength Murashige Skoog (1962) medium. Initially, Kinetin and BAP were tried alone for direct regeneration but only callus was induced. Then, at various combinations of Kinetin and IAA, different types of calli (light green, white, green compact, golden yellow coloured nodular) were induced. Among the explants, lower cotyledon was most responsive both for callus induction and shoot regeneration. The highest shoot regeneration was induced from lower cotyledon in both 6D-1 (33%) and Morden (30%) at 0.05 mg/1 IAA + 1.0 mg/1 kinetin and 0.1 mg/1 IAA +1.0 mg/1 kinetin respectively. At 0.5 mg/ 1 kinetin + 0.5 mg/1 IBA, elongation was observed in both the genotypes. About 30% of the tubes kept for elongation showed precocious flowering, which is frequently reported in sunflower. Further, of the different combinations tried for rooting, profuse rooting was induced at MS basal + lmg/1 IBA in both 6D-1 (95%) and Morden (91%) genotypes. The rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic cups for hardening. The direct regeneration was not observed in DSH 15B and RH-857 in any of the concentrations tried. However, the results observed in Morden and 6D-1 were confirmed in repeated experiments. Histological study carried out showed meristematic center amidst of the normal cells of the explant confirming direct regeneration.ThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF PROVENANCE, STORAGE LOCATIONS AND CONTAINERS ON STORARILITY OF RABI/SUMMER GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) SEEDS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) REDDY, PRABHAKAR RASHMI; GOWDA, BASAVEABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR YIELD, QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND VALUE ADDITION IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) KALPANA, M; CHETTI, M BABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF DRIP IRRIGATION FARMERS IN SHIMOGA AND DAVANAGERE DISTRICTS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) SHASHIDHAM, K K; BHEEMAPPA, AABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF MICRONUTRIENTS, ORGANICS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD, QUALITY AND STORABILTY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum) cv. Byadagi kaddi(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) NATESH, N; VYAKARANAHAL, B SABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) SHALINI, M; PATIL, V CABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access CROP ACREAGE AND YIELD ESTIMATION STUDIES IN CHILLI USING REMOTE SENSING(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) MALLESWARI SADINENI, S N; PATIL, V CChilli crop acreage and yield estimation in Kundgol and Hubli taluks of Dharwad district, Karnataka was carried out by selecting 62 ground truth sites in both the taluks, using IRS ID LISS III imagery of 14th November 2002. The acreage estimation was done by running the supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm and yield estimation by developing yield models using the relationship between crop cutting experiments yield data and NDVI and LAI of chilli crop. The spectral reflectance of chilli crop was low in blue region (16% - 19%), slightly higher in green region (62-87 per cent), minimum in red region (38% - 58%) followed by steep rise in near infrared region (58% - 99%). The analysis of soil samples from the selected ground truth sites revealed that the soils are neutral to alkaline in reaction with normal electrical conductivity, low to medium organic carbon content, low to medium available nitrogen, medium to high available phosphorus and high available potassium content. The estimated acreage under chilli crop in Kundgol taluk was 29,159 ha and 14,224 ha in Hubli taluk. The acreage estimates using remote sensing data when compared with acreage estimates reported by Department of Horticulture, showed a relative deviation of-18.56 per cent and -7.27 per cent in Kundgol and Hubli taluks, respectively. The yield models developed using NDVI and LAI showed significant coefficient of determination R2 = 0.85 and R2 = 0.87. These models can explain 85 per cent and 87 per cent of variability in yield estimation in Kundgol and Hubli taluks, respectively. The average yield of chilli crop was estimated to be 471 kg per ha in Kundgol taluk and 419 kg per ha in Hubli taluk. The total production of dry chillies in Kundgol taluk was 13,734 tonnes and 5,960 tonnes in Hubli taluk.