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Open Access
Influence of Planting Materials, Sowing Dates and Spacing on Seed Yield and Quality of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Kattimani, Asha Kasturinaik; Eshanna M.R.
Open Access
Standardization of Seed Testing Procedures in Some Medicinal Plants
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Manu B.V.; Vyakaranal, B.S.
Study on four medicinal plant species viz., Mucuna pruriens, Phyllanthus emblica, Putranjiva roxburghii and Santalum album was undertaken to standardize media and temperature required to test for seed germination in the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology and Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The experiment was comprised of temperature ranges involving four constant (15, 20, 25 and 30 0C) and three alternate (15-25, 15-30 and 20-30 0C) temperatures and three media i.e., between paper (BP), top of paper (TP) and sand medium. Further experiment was also conducted to find out the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on field emergence of four medicinal plant species in Saidapur Farm, UAS, Dharwad. Among the different temperatures and media studied, maximum germination (90.88 %) was recorded in Mucuna pruriens at 30 0C temperature in BP method. The first and final counts were fixed on 4th and 8th day, respectively. In BP method at constant temperature of 30 0C Phyllanthus emblica recorded maximum germination (52.19 %). The first and final counts were fixed on 5th and 11th day, respectively. At constant temperature of 30 0C in BP method the highest germination (47.75 %) was recorded in Putranjiva roxburghii. The first and final counts were fixed on 15th and 24th day, respectively. In Santalum album the highest germination (23.95 %) was observed in sand medium at constant temperature of 30 0C. The first and final counts were fixed on 23rd and 37th day, respectively. Among the seed treatments maximum germination (82.00 %) was recorded in the seed treated with GA3 (50 ppm) in Mucuna pruriens. In Phyllanthus emblica the highest germination (38.00 %) was recorded in the seeds treated with GA3 100 ppm + BAP 50 ppm. The seeds dipped in conc. H2SO4 for 10 minutes recorded highest germination (28.00 %) in Putranjiva roxburghii. In Santalum album highest germination (16.00 %) was recorded in the seeds treated with GA3 500 ppm.
Open Access
Effect of Growth Regulators, Stages of Harvest Under Different Growing Conditions on Seed Yield and Quality and Manipulation of Dormancy in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Karthik, M.S.; Gurumurthy, R.
A field experiment was carried out at Hi-Tech Horticulture unit, Saidapur farm and the laboratory experiment was carried at seed quality testing and research laboratory National Seed Project, UAS Dharwad during 2015-16 to study the effect of growth regulators, stages of harvest under different growing conditions on seed yield and quality and manipulation of dormancy in lettuce. The growing condition shade house registered significantly higher number of leaves per plant (39.27), leaf area index (7.55), number of capsules per plant (507), seed yield per hectare (423.23 kg), seed germination (90.78 %), seedling vigour index (743.25) and lower electrical conductivity of seed leachate (0.93 dS/m). The growth regulator spray of GA3 (20 ppm) + BAP (30 ppm) registered significantly higher number of leaves per plant (41.92), leaf area index (7.96), number of capsules per plant (560.83), seed yield per hectare (442.39 kg), seed germination (93.06 %), seedling vigour index (785.41) and lower electrical conductivity of seed leachate (0.87 dS/m). Among the different stages of harvest, harvesting at 50 % feathering recorded significantly higher seed yield per hectare (435.09 kg), seed germination (91.54 %) and 1000 seed weight (0.93 g). The second experiment was carried out to study the effect of different chemicals, growth regulator and light treatment on germination and seedling quality in lettuce. Significantly higher germination percentage (95 %) was recorded with the red light treatment of 660 nm for 15 min but the seedling vigour index (629) was recorded significantly higher in case of treatment with GA3 at 100 ppm for 60 min.
Open Access
Studies on Nursery Management Techniques in Hippe Seeds (Mahua indica)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Gollara, Annaiah; Channaveerswami, A.S.
Pot experiments were conducted to find out the nursery management techniques in hippe (Mahua indica) at Biofuel Information and Demonstration Centre (BIDC), Hanumanamatti, University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad during kharif - 2015 and were laid out in RCBD. Among different nursery mixtures, composition of red soil + white sand + vermicompost in 1:1:1 proportion (T8) recorded significantly higher values of normal seedlings (74.25 %) and germination (90.25 %) with significantly minimum abnormal seedlings (4.00 %), dead seeds (5.75 %) and hard seeds (16.00 %). This treatment also recorded significantly maximum root length of 16.70 cm, shoot length of 16.54 cm, seedling length of 33.23 cm, highest seedling dry weight of 15.31 g/10 seedlings, seedling vigour indices-I value of 2997, seedling vigour indices-II value of 1381 and also significantly highest germination rate index (2.41) was recorded at 45 days after sowing compare to other treatments. Among different pre-sowing treatments, seeds dipping in conc. H2SO4 for 1 min (T6) recorded significantly higher values of normal seedlings (80.00 %) and germination (84.00 %) with significantly minimum dead seeds (5.80 %) and hard seeds (4.00 %). This treatment also recorded significantly maximum root length of 16.78 cm, shoot length of 16.16 cm, seedling length of 32.93 cm, highest seedling dry weight of 16.19 g/10 seedlings, seedling vigour indices-I value of 2772, seedling vigour indices-II value of 1357 and also significantly highest germination rate index (3.39) while significantly minimum abnormal seedlings (6.00 %) observed by control at 45 days after sowing compare to other treatments.
Open Access
Effect of Growth Regulators and Spacing on Crop Growth, Seed Yield and Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cv. Arka Suvidha Under Different Growing Conditions and Seasons
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Bharamanagowda D.S.; Eshanna, M.R.
The field experiments were conducted to study the effect of growth regulators and spacing on crop growth, seed yield and quality of French bean under different growing conditions and seasons. The experiment was carried out in shade house (G1) and open field condition (G2) with 45x15 cm (S1) and 60x15 cm (S2) spacings and five foliar sprays consists NAA @ 25 ppm, 50ppm and IAA @ 25ppm, 50ppm with control in both season of 2015-16. In shade house, plant height was significantly higher in kharif (40.19 cm) and rabi (38.05 cm) at harvesting. Similarly, more number of days to pod maturity (92.39 and 92.83 days), number of pods per plant (17.07 and 18.09), pod yield per hectare (28.61 and 28.02 q), seed yield per hectare (22.72 and 23.16 q), hundred seed weight (37.79 and 38.06 g), seed germination (92.22 and 94.33 %), seedling vigour index (3137 and 3218) in kharif and rabi season respectively. The spacing 60x 15 cm recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant (16.80 and 18.54), seed weight per pod (16.80), pod yield per plant (45.47 and 48.74 g), hundred seed weight (36.17 and 36.52 g), seed germination (90.07 and 91.40 %) and seedling vigour index (2972 and 3128) and spacing 45 x 15 cm recorded significantly higher pod yield per hectare (24.64 and 24.56 q ) and seed yield per hectare (19.19 and 20.27 q) in kharif and rabi season respectively. Among the growth regulators spray, NAA at 50ppm recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant (17.77 and 18.91), pod yield per hectare (24.81 and 25.63 q), seed weight per pod (1.84 and 1.85 g), seed yield per hectare (19.52 and 21.11 q) and hundred seed weight (36.72 and 37.33 g) in kharif and rabi season respectively.
Open Access
Effect of Source of Planting Material and Nutrition on Seed Yield and Quality in Guinea Grass
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Nayaz R.; Vinod Kumar
A field experiment was conducted at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Southern Regional Research Station, Dharwad during kharif 2015, to find out the effect of planting material and nutrition on seed yield and quality in guinea grass. The design employed was RBD in factorial concept with three replications. The experiment consisted of two planting materials viz., seeds and root slips and five nutrient levels viz., N1: RDF (60:30:20 kg of NPK/ha), N2: 25% more than RDF, N3: 50 % more than RDF, N4: RDF + spraying of DAP 2 % at flowering stage, N5: RDF + spraying of NAA 50 ppm at flowering stage. Among the planting material used, non-significant difference was observed for all growth and yield parameters, but root slips performed better over the seeds. Irrespective of planting material, nutrition levels recorded significantly. Whereas N3 recorded more tiller number (14.77 at maturity), panicle number (18.3), green fodder yield/ha (13.21 q), seed yield/ha (95.24 kg), germination percentage of (23.49) and seedling vigour index (216) compared to other nutrition levels. The second experiment was conducted in the laboratory to find out the effect of different seed separation methods and germination enhancement techniques on seed quality of guinea grass. The experiment consisted of two seed separation methods with five germination enhancement techniques. Among the seed separation methods, floating method with alcohol significantly recorded significantly highest germination percentage (28.09), root length (5.61 cm), shoot length (6.71 cm) and vigour index (283) over the control. Among the germination enhancement techniques acid scarification with H2SO4 @ 5 % for 5 minutes recorded significantly higher germination percentage (30.57), root length (5.95 cm), shoot length (6.93 cm) and vigour index (340) over the other techniques.
Open Access
Standardization of Seed Production Technology in Green Manure Crops Sunnhemp and Dhaincha
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Sajjan, Priya; Hunje, Ravi
An investigation entitled “Standardization of seed production technology in green manure crops sunnhemp and dhaincha” was carried out during kharif season of 2015 – 16 at the Main Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad with two field and laboratory experiments. The experiment was aimed to study the influence of pinching of terminal bud, effect of foliar application of micronutrients and growth regulators, and DAP spraying on seed yield and quality of sunnhemp and dhaincha. Pinched plants showed significantly lowest plant height (184.19 cm, 160.15 cm), and highest number of branches ( 16.24 and 17.72), pod yield (0.43 kg and 6.14 kg) and seed yield (2,348.88 kg/ha and 1,593.87 kg/ha), seed quality parameters like seed germination (80.49 % and 72.33 %), seedling viguor index (2895 and 2173) were also highest in both sunnhemp and dhaincha. Among the foliar sprayings, the combination of all nutrients (Zn+B+NAA+DAP) showed significantly highest value for plant height (198.13 cm and 175.55 cm), number of branches (20.02 and 17.93) pod yield (0.41 kg and 6.25 kg), seed yield (2,544.44 kg/ha and 1,644 kg/ha), The resulted seeds recorded higher seed germination (84.00 % and 75.00 %), seedling viguor index (3235 and 2357) in both sunnhemp and dhaincha as compared to other treatments. The studies also revealed that, the interaction effect of both pinching and foliar spraying of all nutrient combinations showed the significantly higher plant height (189.00 cm and 171.73 cm), number of branches (21.00 and 21.33), seed yield (2791.16 kg/ha and 1872.20 kg/ha) and seed germination (86.00 % and 75.67 %) and seedling viguor index (3279 and 2406) in sunnhemp and dhaincha.
Open Access
Seed Production and Storage Studies in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Lonakar, Anila; Biradarpatil, N.K.
The field experiment was conducted at ‘H’ Block, Seed Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during rabi, 2012 on the effect of four bulb size viz., B1 : < 30 g per bulb, B2 : 31-60 g per bulb, B3 : 61-90 g per bulb and B4 : 91-120 g per bulb and four umbel numbers viz., U1 : Two umbels per plant, U2 : Three umbels per plant, U3 : Four umbels per plant and U4 : All umbels per plant on crop growth, seed yield and quality of onion. Among the four bulb sizes, significantly more seed yield per umbel (4.05 g), seed yield per plant (12.58 g) and seed yield per ha (696.49 kg/ha) were noticed in 91-120 g per bulb (B4). Whereas net returns (3,41,142 Rs./ha) and B:C ratio (6.00) in < 30 g per bulb. Similarly two umbels per plant recorded significantly more seed yield per umbel (4.24 g) as compare to all umbels per plant. Whereas higher seed yield per plant (17.60 g), seed yield per ha (723.97 kg), net returns (3,44,086 Rs./ha) and B:C ratio (4.56) as compared to U4. Treatment combination of 91-120 g per bulb and all umbels per plant (B4xU4) recorded significantly higher seed yield per ha (762 kg/ha). A laboratory experiment was conducted under ambient condition for ten months to study the seed storability of onion. The results revealed that the seeds produced from 91-120 g per bulbs maintained higher seed germination (59.02 %), vigour index (759), lower electrical conductivity (1.244 dSm-1) and 1000 seed weight (3.80g) at the end of ten month of storage period as compared to B1. The higher seed germination (59.06 %), vigour index (774), lower electrical conductivity (1.216 dSm-1) and 1000 seed weight (3.97 g) was obtained from two umbels per plant (U1).
Open Access
Influence of Different Dates of Sowing and Varying Levels of Phosphorus and Potassium on Seed Yield and Quality in Pea (Pisum sativum)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Mahakur, Abhilash; Gurumurthy R.
A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi season, 2013- 14 to evaluate the influence of three different dates of sowing in each season separately viz., first week of June, July and August in kharif season and first week of September, October and November in rabi season with three fertilizer levels viz., N1 (38:60:50 kg NPK/ha), N2 (38:75:62.5 kg NPK/ha) and N3 (38:90:75 kg NPK/ha) on crop growth, seed yield and quality in pea Cv Ap-1. During kharif season, significantly more plant height (34. 97cm), seeds yield per plant (14. 39g/ plant), 100 seed weight (23. 68 g), seed germination (89. 80 %), seedling vigour index (2801), delay in pod maturity (59. 34 days) were noticed in first week of June sowing. During rabi season, first week of October revealed more plant height (34. 76cm), seeds yield per plant (10. 04g/ plant), 100 seed weight (24. 69 g), seed germination (95. 67 %), seedling vigour index (2883), delay in pod maturity (57. 74 days). N3 fertilizer level recorded significantly highest seed yield per plant (18.44 g and 10. 40g), 100 seed weight (23. 83 g and 23. 76 g), seed germination (88. 89 % and 95. 25 %) and vigour parameters in kharif and rabi respectively. Treatment interaction effects have no significant effect on the above parameters. A laboratory experiment was conducted under ambient condition for six months to study the seed storability of pea as influenced by mother plant nutrition. The results revealed that, there is very little effect of mother plant nutrition on storability of pea seed.

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