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Open Access
Variability and Integrated Management of Spot Blotch of Wheat Caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem.
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-07) Ashwini, R.; Patil, P.V.
Laboratory and field experiment were conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to study the variability and integrated management of spot blotch of wheat. Roving survey conducted in Dharwad, Belagavi, Gadag, Bagalkote and Vijayapura districts during rabi, 2017-18 indicated low severity of spot blotch disease. Variability study in 14 isolates of B. sorokiniana through morphological and cultural characters, pathogenic ability and SSR markers had showed high distinction. Colony colour ranged from whitish black to black. On the basis of pathogenicity, 14 isolates were grouped into two different pathotypes (P1 and P2). Similarity coefficients were ranged from 0.53 to 0.98 representing less than 53 per cent genetic variability among isolates. Under in vitro studies, captan at 0.3 % (86.29 %), hexaconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole at 0.025 %, 0.05 %, 0.1 % (100%), hexaconazole 5 % + captan 70 % WP, carboxin 37.5 % + thiram 37.5 % WP and tebuconazole 50 % + trifloxistrobin 25 % WG at 0.05 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 % (100%), multineemore at 1.0 % (54.81 %) recorded maximum inhibition of mycelial growth. Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Bacillus subtilis (3.3 g each/l) concentration, panchagavya (20 %) inhibited 80.44 and 30.29 per cent spore germination, respectively. In Integrated disease management, among the eight spray schedules evaluated under field condition, two sprays of hexaconazole 5 % EC (0.1 %) with 15 days interval reduced the spot blotch severity by 13.40 per cent with highe st grain yield (13.33 q/ha), biomass (8.33 t/ha) and BC ratio (1:1.94). Hexaconazole 5 % EC (0.1 %) was most effective in managing spot blotch disease.
Open Access
Studies on Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Against the Soilborne Pathogens
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 0200) Brunda, K.S.; Jahagirdar, Shamarao
A total of 30 fungal and 30 bacterial endophytes were isolated from healthy soybean plants during kharif 2017 from major soybean growing areas of northern Karnataka viz., Belagavi, Haveri, Bidar, Dharwad and parts of Maharashtra viz., Kolhapur and Sangli districts. Maximum number of endophytes were obtained from Belagavi district (21) followed by Dharwad district (15). Mean maximum endophyte association was observed in irrigated condition (1.38 for fungal and 1.63 for bacterial endophytes), black soil (1.31 for fungal and 1.46 for bacterial) and at vegetative stage (1.73 for fungal and 1.27 for bacterial). In dual culture method of screening, the endophytes RF-BV-3, SF-DM-8, RB-KK-6, SB-BS-6 and LB-BU-1 were effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and the isolates SF-DM-8, SB-DG-11 and LB-BiN-8 were effective against Rhizoctonia bataticola. The effective endophytes against Fusarium oxysporum were RF-BV-3, SF-BV-3, SF-DM-8, SF-DS-10, LF-HH-5, LF-DM-10, LF-DD-13, LF-KK-14, RB-HS-1, SB-BiJ-9, LB-BU-1 and LB-BV-2. Based on cultural, morphological and molecular methods, the effective fungal endophytes were identified as Daldinia eschscholtzi (RF-BV-3), Fusarium solani (SF-BV-3 and LF-KK-14), Neofusicoccum parvum (SF-DM-8), Diaporthe phaseolorum (SF-DS-10 and LF-HH-5), Phomopsis sp. (LF-DM-10) and Colletotrichum aenigma (LF-DD-13). The effective bacterial endophytes were identified as Acinetobacter sp. (RB-HS-1), Alcaligenes faecalis (RB-KK-6), Stenotrophomonas sp. (SB-BiJ-9), Bacillus pumilus (SB-DG-11 and LB-BiN-8), Paenalcaligenes sp. (LB-BU-1), Bacillus cereus (SB-BS-6) and Brevibacillus sp. (LB-BV-2). Under glasshouse studies, SF-DM-8 was effective against all the three pathogens (less disease incidence of 21.88 % against S. rolfsii, 27.50 % against R. bataticola and 25.00 % against F. oxysporum) and showed enhanced growth promotion activity (increased plant height, leaflet number etc.) with maximum disease incidence of 100 per cent in untreated check. The endophyte RB-KK-6 was effective against S. rolfsii with less disease incidence (31.25 %). The endophytes RF-BV-3 and SB-BiJ-9 were effective against F. oxysporum with minimum disease incidence of 16.67 per cent.
Open Access
Studies on Leaf Blight of Turmeric Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Savar, Izazahammad; Virupaksha Prabhu H.
Open Access
Studies on Yellow Mosaic Disease of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Gaddeppa; Ashtaputre, S.A.
Open Access
Epidemiology and Management of Foliar Fungal Diseases of Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-07) Hulikatti, Vidya; Benagi, V.I.
Open Access
Variability In Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. and Integrated Management of Foliar Diseases of Pearl Millet
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Roopadevi; Patil, P.V.
Open Access
Studies on Bacterial Blight of Sesame Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami Sabet and Dowson
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Praveenkumar; Palakshappa, M.G.
Open Access
Studies on Spot Blotch of Tetraploid Wheat Caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem.
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-01) Pradeep P.E.; Kalappanavar, I.K.
Open Access
Studies on Collar Rot of Brinjal Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-12) Wahid, S A.; Kamanna, B.C.
Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetable crop. Collar rot of brinjal caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is serious soil borne disease. A study on this was undertaken at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2015-16. Survey revealed that disease incidence ranged from 2.33 to 24.25 per cent. Highest mean disease incidence (9.75 %) was recorded in black soil. Dhruva hybrid showed high mean disease incidence of 11.52 per cent. . Significantly highest per cent disease incidence of 59.75 was recorded in plants of 15 days old in pot culture studies to know susceptible stage of brinjal. None of the genotypes were found resistant to collar rot pathogen. Among the six systemic fungicides tested under in vitro difenconazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole and propiconazole at 0.1 per cent and 0.15 per cent concentrations inhibited cent per cent growth of S. rolfsii. Among the five contact fungicides mancozeb at 0.3 % concentration recorded maximum inhibition (60.25 %) of S. rolfsii followed by captan at 0.3 per cent concentration (55.19 %). Combi-products fungicides viz., thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP and hexaconazole 4 % + zineb 68 % WP at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent concentrations inhibited cent per cent o growth of S. rolfsii. Among six bioagents Trichoderma harzianum recorded maximum inhibition. Among thirteen botanicals, parthenium leaf extract recorded maximum inhibition (64.57 %). Among the different treatment combinations tested under pot conditions the combination of seedling dip with thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP @ 2 g/l + application of FYM @ 200 g/pot + soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g/kg followed by soil drenching with thiram 37.5 % + carboxin 37.5 % WP @ 2 g/l on 0, 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting recorded the least per cent disease incidence (12.04 %).