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ThesisItem Open Access Physiological and Biological Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in Different Growing Systems Under Protected Condition(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-06) Thomas, Tinu; Janagoudar, B.S.An experiment was conducted at the Hi-Tech Horticultural Unit, Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif, 2017-18 with factorial CRD design. Two factors of experiments were growing systems viz., soil based growing system, aggregate media hydroponics growing system (cocopeat as substrate), nutrient film technique (NFT) and lettuce cultivars viz., Locarno RZ, Concorde RZ, Starfighter RZ. The morphological parameters viz., plant height (45.8 cm), number of leaves (35.3), leaf fresh weight (96.73 g) and root length (45.84 cm) were significantly highest in nutrient film technique and lowest in soil. Leaf area (2552.0 cm2 plant-1) was significantly highest in nutrient film technique whereas leaf dry matter percentage (4.55 %) was significantly highest in soil grown lettuce at bolting. Physiological parameter like relative chlorophyll content (29.47 SPAD value) and biophysical parameters viz., photosynthetic rate (18.57 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (6.994 mmol H2O m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.647 mmol CO2 m-2 s-1) of lettuce cultivars were significantly higher in nutrient film technique and least in soil. Yield parameter like marketable number of leaves, leaf fresh weight of total marketable leaves per plant and number of marketable leaves per square meter was 27.7, 260.66 g and 719 respectively and quality parameters viz., anthocyanin content (146.03 µg 100 g-1 fw) and ascorbic acid content (7.029 mg 100 g-1 fw) was significantly highest in nutrient film technique. The cultivar Starfighter RZ recorded significantly highest relative chlorophyll content (38.39 SPAD value), photosynthetic rate (18.27 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), marketable number of leaves harvested per plant (25.2) and also other growth parameters compared to other cultivars. Overall performance of growing systems were in decreasing order of nutrient film technique followed by aggregate media hydroponics followed by soil based growing system. The cultivar Starfighter RZ had best performance among the cultivars.ThesisItem Open Access Plant Sap Analysis for Enhancing the Physiological Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-06) Spandana, K.S.; Koti, R.V.A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2017 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to study plant sap analysis for enhancing the physiological nitrogen (N) use efficiency in maize. N levels at 100, 50, 25 and 0 kg ha-1 including three other treatments on plant demand viz., 50 % recommended N + rest through soil application, 0 N + rest by soil application and 0 N + foliar application, based on tissue nitrate tests by nitrate ion meter were tried in simple randomized block design with four replications. The results revealed that soil application of N at 100 kg ha-1 at sowing showed significantly higher sap nitrate (1037, 660 and 502 ppm at 30, 55 and 70 days after sowing respectively) and other sap indices, total leaf nitrogen (2.25 %), plant height (230.6 cm), relative chlorophyll content (57 SPAD value), plant performance (13,167), total chlorophyll (3.34 mg g fresh weight-1), leaf area (79.8 dm2), total dry matter (399.7 g plant-1), grain weight per cob (246.7 g), grain yield (106.9 q ha-1), stover yield (100.1 q ha-1) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of grain and dry matter (35.79 and 30.83 respectively) which are on par with 50 % recommended N at sowing + rest by soil application based on sap nitrate test i.e on demand. Higher gross returns ( . 1, 22,577), net returns ( . 90,198) and B: C ratio (2.79) was observed with application of 100 % recommended N which is on par with 50 % recommended N + rest by soil application based on tissue nitrate test. It is inferred that nitrate ion meter can be used for quantification of nitrogen requirement based on crop demand with saving of 30 per cent nitrogen and avoiding environment pollution. Thus, technology is farmer’s friendly and enhances the NUE.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological Characterization of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Lime Induced Iron Chlorosis(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-06) Akshay, N.; Koti, R.V.A field experiment was carried out during kharif-2017 at Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to screen the F2 population obtained from the two crosses TMV 2 × ICGV 86031 (TIP) and JL 24 × ICGV 86031 (JIP) for lime induced iron chlorosis (LIIC) resistance. Variation was observed among the selected population of F2 generation with respect to visual chlorotic rating (VCR) score at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and relative chlorophyll content at 60 DAS. The iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) resistant parent ICGV 86031 had significantly higher relative chlorophyll content (46.2) compared to IDC susceptible parents TMV 2 (39.3) and JL 24 (37.7), respectively. Similarly, ICGV 86031 showed least VCR score (1.00) compared to TMV 2 (2.10) and JL 24 (2.30). Among the progenies, TIP-16 and JIP-27 had recorded highest relative chlorophyll content (41.8 and 42.9, respectively) with least VCR score (1.07 and 1.00, respectively) followed by the populations TIP-23 (1.15) and JIP-28 (1.00). The hydroponic experiment was conducted, to unearth the strategy I mechanism involving rhizosphere acidification and root ferric reductase activity in parents of the crosses, ICGV 86031, TMV 2, JL 24 and check KADIRI 9. The results on physiological and biochemical observations indicated that ICGV 86031 at 45 days recorded highest leaf ferrous content (7.44 ppm), chlorophyll content (2.41 mg g-1 fresh weight), relative chlorophyll content (42.60), root ferric reductase activity (56.9 n mol g-1 fresh weight hr-1) and root protonation (pH 3.83), followed by KADIRI 9 and significantly least leaf ferrous content (4.61 ppm), chlorophyll content (1.24 mg g-1 fresh weight), relative chlorophyll content (31.48), root ferric reductase activity (40 n mol g-1fresh weight hr-1) and root protonation (pH 4.32) was observed in JL 24 followed by TMV 2. Hence, the parent genotype ICGV 86031 has been identified as most resistant for LIIC.ThesisItem Open Access Investigation on the use of Nano Based Nutrients on Physiological Performance of Sunflower(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-08) Betageri, Shivaputrappa; Janagoudar, B.S.ThesisItem Open Access Rust Resistance in Soybean: A Physiological Probe(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-06) Akshatha S.S.; Koti, R.V.ThesisItem Open Access Phenotyping of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for Fe Uptake Mechanism in Calcareous Soil(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Manasa, Gaddam; Patil, H.Y.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes for Physiological Traits and Yield Productivity(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-08) Jyoti M.H.; Nawalagatti, C.M.The present investigation was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during rabi, 2016 to screen the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes for physiological traits and yield productivity. The experiment consisted of 20 genotypes viz., GMU-2453, GMU-2968, GMU-3758, GMU-7422, GMU-7427, GMU-2039, GMU-1303, GMU-184, GMU-753, GMU-2444, GMU-3101, GMU-3530, GMU-1437, GMU-1464, GMU-3624, GMU1798, A-1, PBNS-12, HUS-305 and NARI-57. The results of the investigation revealed that the genotypes differed significantly with respect to the various morphological, biophysical, biochemical and yield characters. Among the genotypes, GMU-1303, GMU-3624, GMU-3101 and GMU-2444 recorded maximum plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches and total dry weight. Genotypes GMU-753 and GMU-7422 recorded minimum number of days to flower and physiological maturity as compared. While, GMU-1464 recorded more number of days to flower and maximum number of days to physiological maturity. The values in growth parameters such as LAI, LAD, SLW, RGR, CGR and NAR were more in the genotypes GMU-2444, GMU-2453, GMU-1798 and A-1 as compared to other genotypes. The genotypes GMU-2444, GMU-2453 and GMU-1798 recorded higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. It was observed that, among the genotypes GMU-2453, recorded maximum chlorophyll content, relative water content, proline content, wax content and membrane stability index followed by GMU-1798. Whereas GMU-753 and HUS-305 showed least values in these parameters. The genotype NARI-57 has recorded maximum oil content (38.00 %) and lowest was in GMU-1303 (28.42%). Significantly maximum seed yield was recorded in GMU-2444 (4330.43 kg ha-1) followed by GMU-1798 (3504.34 kg ha-1) and minimum was in GMU-753 (539.13 kg ha-1). The increase in the yield was due to increase in number of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, average capsule weight, hundred seed weight and harvest index.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological Studies on Heat Stress Tolerance in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Deepali Dash; Chimmad, V.P.A field experiment was conducted at MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif, 2016-17. The experiment consisted of three temperature regimes (dates of sowing D1, D2 and D3) and five groundnut genotypes (Dh-86, G-2-52, Kadiri-9, TMV-2 and R-2001-2) laid out with factorial RBD design. The experimental result reveals that D1 temperature regime recorded significantly higher plant height (41.01 cm), number of primary branches (7.14), days to 50% flowering (35.73), days to peg initiation (40.20) and days to physiological maturity (109.73) with more heat unit accumulation, pheno thermal index and heat use efficiency. Highest pollen sterility (12.73 %) and reduced total flower production (59.11) was noticed under D3 temperature regime. The genotypes, G-2-52 and R-2001-2 were recorded significantly less pollen sterility (8.442 %) and more number of flower productions (100.74), respectively. However, significantly higher number of pods (17.69) and lower flower to pod ratio (3.989) was observed under D1 temperature regime. Among the genotypes, G-2-52 recorded significantly higher number of pods (16.67) and lower flower to pod ratio (4.706), respectively. Yield and yield components viz., number of pods plant-1 (17.69), test weight (35.78 g), harvest index (31.78 %), oil content (44.26 %) and yield (4952 kg ha-1) were remarkably higher under D1 temperature regime. Among the genotypes, G2-52 performed better irrespective of all temperature regimes with optimum yield (3,074 kg ha-1) compared to other genotypes indicating its relative tolerance to heat stress.ThesisItem Open Access Calibration and Validation of Infocrop Simulation Model for Bt Cotton Hybrids(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-08) Siddaling; Patil, B.C.Crop simulation models are used as tool for agricultural risk analysis and allow researchers to explore potential cropping location and appropriate farm management strategies. These models, when properly calibrated and validated against experimental data have the potential for tactical and strategic decision making in agriculture. In the present investigation, INFOCROP v2, a generic model that integrates genotype, soil, environmental and management practices was used to simulate the phenology, growth and yield of Bt cotton crop sown on different dates. The genetic coefficients were generated for three popular Bt cotton hybrids viz., ATM, Chiranjeevi and Firstclass. By conducting a field experiment during kharif season of 2016 at Main Agricultural Research station, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka. Three dates of sowing were assigned as main plot treatments viz., 25th June, 10th July and 25th July with three Bt hybrids as sub plot treatments. The results of simulation studies in respect of the effect of different dates of sowing on phenology, crop growth parameters and seed cotton yield were compared with the observed values from the field experiment. Performance of INFOCROP v2 was evaluated in terms of per cent deviation from the observed. Under normal date of sowing (First and second) it was over estimated the yield by 18.3 per cent. This over estimation further increased at third date of sowing. Over estimation for the growth parameters were 5.3 per cent for days to anthesis, 2.2 per cent for days to maturity, 28.2 per cent for leaf area index, 15.5 per cent for boll number, 7.3 per cent for boll weight, 15.6 per cent for total dry matter and 23.2 per cent for seed cotton yield. Thus it was observed that INFOCROP v2 estimated about 87 per cent accuracy across the different dates of sowing and genotypes by considering all the parameters under study.
