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Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Leaf Nitrogen Content, Uptake and Morpho-Physiological Traits and Their Relationship with Productivity in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Genotypes
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-07) Patil, Ramesh S.; Nawalgatti, C.M.
    A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during kharif, 2014 to study the leaf nitrogen content, uptake and morpho-physiological traits and their relation with productivity of cowpea genotypes. The experiment consisted of 10 different cowpea genotypes (DCS-47-1, DC-15, DC-16, V118 × GL, CPD-84, PGCP-2, CP-43, CP-22, CP-26, C-152 (local check) and the experiment was laid out in RCBD design with three replications. The results revealed that, among the genotypes DC-15 recorded significantly higher plant height, number of branches, total dry matter accumulation and partitioning, number of nodules per plant, chlorophyll content (SPAD readings), photosynthetic rate (Ps) and stomatal conductance (Gs). The genotype, CP-26 recorded significantly maximum number of days for all the phenological parameters like, days to flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, pod initiation, physiological maturityas compared to all other genotypes. Total dry matter production(TDM) and its distribution, biochemical parameters (nitrogen content and uptake in leaves at 50 per cent flowering and pod initiation stages) and growth parameters (leaf area, LAI, LAD, BMD, SLA, SLW,AGR, CGR, RGR and NAR) were recorded significantly higher value in DC-15 as compared to other genotypes. While, seed protein content was recorded maximum in CPD-84. Similarly, the genotype DC-15 recorded maximum seed yield as compared to other genotypes. The increase in yield is due to significant increase yield attributes viz., seed yield per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant and pod weight per plant and these traits were positively correlated with yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Temperature Regimes on Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Reproductive Phases of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-07) Rathod, Mukesh Kalusing; Chimmad, V.P.
    Three chickpea genotypes viz., Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14 along with five sowing dates (From 40th to 48th Standard Meteorological Week) were evaluated to assess the effect of temperature regimes on physiological and biochemical changes during reproductive phases at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during rabi, 2014-15. Among the dates of sowing, significantly higher plant height, total dry matter (30.27, 26.23 and 20.95 g per plant, respectively), number of primary and secondary branches were recorded under earlier dates of sowing (D1 to D3 temperature regimes). Similarly, the phenological parameters viz., days to flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering (50.22, 49.22 and 50.44 days, respectively), days to podding and physiological maturity (102.3, 99.00 and 91.22 days, respectively) and heat units like GDD, PTI and HUE (2.38, 2.29 and 1.50 respectively) were significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes. The SPAD values, RWC and chlorophyll content were also significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes. Yield and yield attributes viz., number of seeds, pods, seed weight (14.75, 12.11 and 8.55 g per plant, respectively), haulm weight, test weight and seed yield (29.03, 26.52 and 16.11 q ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes. Under late sown conditions (D4 and D5 temperature regimes), increase in the day and night temperature by 5-10oC, which coincided with the reproductive phases resulted in a pollen sterility to an extent of 50-60 per cent. The oxidative enzymes (Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase) recorded higher activity due to increase in temperature during reproductive phases indicating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The genotype, JG-14 recorded higher oxidative enzyme activity, lower pollen sterility and shorter duration (80-90 days) compared to Annigeri-1 and JG-11, substantiating that JG-14 is relatively heat tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Foliar Nutrition on Powdery Mildew Disease Resistance and Yield in Greengram (VIGNA RADIATA l. Wilczek.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-07) Patil, Suhasini A.; Doddamani, M.B.
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 to study the effect of nutrients on physiology, yield, yield components and disease incidence in greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) at MARS, UAS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in randomized completely block design (RCBD) with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments included, foliar application fungicide (propiconazole 0.1%) and nutrients like KNO3 (0.1%), MnSO4 (0.3%), ZnSO4 (0.5%) alone and in combination at 35 and 50 days of sowing. The foliar application of nutrients and fungicide significantly increased the plant height, dry matter in leaf, stem, reproductive parts and total dry matter content compared to control. The growth parameters viz., AGR, CGR, NAR, SLW, LAI and LAD increased significantly due to the combined application of KNO3 (1.0%) + MnSO4 (0.3%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) followed by MnSO4 (0.3%). The biochemical parameters viz. chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, total chlorophyll, phenol content and peroxidase activity were also significantly increased as compared to control due to the foliar spray of combination of nutrients viz., 1.0% of KNO3, 0.3% of MnSO4, ZnSO4 (0.5%), followed by 0.3% of MnSO4. The application of KNO3 (1.0%) + MnSO4 (0.3%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) recorded higher seed yield, which was followed by MnSO4 (0.3%). The higher seed yield was due to significant increase in yield traits like number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant. In fungicide treatment seed yield was also differed significantly compared to control. Significant increase in seed yield and harvest index in foliar spray of nutrients and fungicide was also due to less incidence of diseases.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF YIELD VARIATION AND CONSUMER ACCEPTABILITY CHARACTERIZATION IN VEGETABLE SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) RAMYA V.; Dr. U. V. MUMMIGATTI
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to study the physiological basis of yield variation and consumer acceptability characterization in vegetable soybean. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice with twelve genotypes of which ten were vegetable type(AGS-339, AGS-380, AGS-406 AGS-447 AGS-457 AGS-459 AGS-460 AGS-461 AGS-610 and Swarna) and two were grain type (JS-95-60 and DSb-21). Results revealed a wide genotypic variation with respect to various morphological, phenological, physiological, yield and quality characters .Among the genotypes, Swarna and AGS-610 exhibited superiority over the rest of the genotypes in yield which is most influenced by yield contributing characters such as maximum plant height, number of branches, photosynthetic rate, flower initiation, days to seed filling, dry matter production ,pod weight, seed weight and number of pods, Along with the yield, the quality of the seed in terms of oil, protein and sugar composition and consumer acceptability. To know the quality and acceptability, consumer acceptability was also assessed. Among the genotypes subjected for consumer acceptability test, AGS-447 and AGS-457 recorded maximum acceptability score and these had highest oil content and total soluble sugars. Although these two genotypes were good in quality and consumer acceptability but seed yield was low compared to others. It is inferred from the study that by considering all yield and quality parameters genotypes Swarna, AGS-610, AGS-447 and AGS-457 could be used for future crop improvement for high yield and quality traits to improve nutritional security of the country.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WEED CONTROL EFFICIENCY IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) RAVI S. MUKKUND; Dr. D. I. JIRALI
    A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2014 to investigate the physiological studies on weed control efficiency in Maize. The results revealed that pre-emergence application of Metribuzin was phytotoxic while, Atrazine, 2, 4-D and Pendimethalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1 were not phytotoxic. The data on monocot, dicot and total number of weeds were found maximum in unweeded control and the herbicide treatment Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 decreased these parameters. The weed control efficiency was maximum with Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb 2, 4-D@ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1. The morpho-physiological, biochemical and growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content in leaf and total dry mater accumulation were lowest in unweeded control and the application of Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb 2, 4-D@ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 increased the above said parameters. Weeds decreased grain yield significantly. Grain yield was highest in Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb 2,4-D@ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 and they recorded significantly lowest weed index. The benefit cost ratio was highest in Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 fb two hoeings fb 2,4-D@ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum) GENOTYPES DIFFERING IN PLANT ARCHITECTURE
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) NIKITA S. PATIL; Dr. B. C. PATIL
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014 under rainfed conditions at Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to study the productivity potential, physiological and biophysical basis of yield variation of different plant types in cotton genotypes. The experiment consisted of twelve cotton genotypes (three in each group) with different spacings [Compact (60 x 15 cm), Semi-compact (60 x 30 cm), Normal (90 x 20 cm), Hybrids (90 x 60 cm)] laid out in randomized block design with three replications on medium black soil. The genotypes selected were based on growth and morphological characters like plant height, number of leaves and branches. Genotypes showed significant differences in their growth pattern, morphological and phonological characters. The compact genotypes DSC-99, DSC- 1301 and DSC-1401 recorded 10-15 per cent more yield per unit area than other genotypes. The compact genotype DSC-99 with more plant density recorded maximum yield (1601 kg ha-1) compared to the hybrids DHH-302 and DHH-1301. This was mainly attributed to its close association with yield components such as number of bolls (r = 0.966) and harvest index. Although total dry weight was noticed on per plant basis in wider spacing (90 x 60 cm) of hybrids and normal varieties (90 x 20cm) as compared to closer spacing (60 x 15 cm and 60 x 30 cm) of compacts and semi compacts, on unit area basis the reverse was the trend. All the growth parameters viz., LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR except SLW and AGR were higher in closer spacing genotypes as compared to wider spacing genotypes. Correlation studies indicated highly significant positive association of yield with TDM (r = 0.963), boll weight (r = 0.822) and number of boll/plant (r = 0.966). Among the genotypes DSC-99 was comparatively early in phenological characters compared to other genotypes. Thus the results indicated the higher potentiality of compacts genotypes as compared to hybrids or robusts.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN BLACK SEEDED SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] GENOTYPES
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) ANUSHA K. N.; Dr. D. I. JIRALI
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to study the growth, physiology and productivity in black seeded soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) mutants and parents. The mutants and their parents and local checks used were KHSb2 Parent, KHSb2 Tall mutant, KHSb2 Dwarf mutant, Kalitur and DSb-21. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. Significant differences were observed in morphological, growth, physiological, biochemical, yield, yield components and quality parameters among genoytpes. The biophysical parameters such as rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and rate of respiration were higher with DSb-21, Kalitur and KHSb2 dwarf mutant. Further, data on SPAD values and the seed phenol content revealed that KHSb2 parent had maximum chlorophyll content and KHSb2 dwarf mutant had higher phenol content among all the genotypes under investigation. All the yield and yield components viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant, seed yield (q ha-1 ) were significantly higher with DSb-21 and was closely followed by KHSb2 dwarf mutant. Data on quality parameters like seed oil and seed protein contents revealed that seed oil percentage was higher in KHSb2 dwarf mutant and seed protein content was higher with Kalitur. The correlation studies clearly indicated that LAI and LAD at almost all the stages had very high positive association with seed yield, thus signifying the role of assimilatory surface area in yield determination. From the present investigation it is inferred that two promising entries viz., DSb21 and KHSb2 dwarf could be used as source of improving dry matter partition and test weight as they proved superior over their parents and check varieties for these traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN ALLEVIATING LIME INDUCED IRON CHLOROSIS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) KAVITA S. KOTYAL; Dr. B. T. NINGANUR
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2014 at Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad to study the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) a donor of nitric oxide (NO) in combination with ferrous sulphate in alleviation mechanism of iron chlorosis in groundnut genotypes grown on calcareous soil. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three genotypes viz., GPBD-4, TMV-2 and GPBD-6 and five treatment combinations of foliar and soil applications of SNP and FeSO4 viz., SNP @ 5.63 mg+ FeSO4 @ 18.9 mg /g of urea at the time of sowing (0.31kg SNP ha-1 + 1.03kg FeSO4 ha-1), Foliar application of SNP @ 6mM (1.78g litre-1), Foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 0.5% (5g litre-1), Foliar spray SNP @ 6mM + FeSO4 @ 0.5%, Foliar water spray (Control). The results revealed that lime induced iron chlorosis was 32 per cent with the pod yield reduction of 25 per cent. All the morpho-physiological traits, growth, yield and yield attributes were found to be reduced due to iron deficiency. Chlorophyll content, leaf ferrous content and SPAD values were also reduced. The combination of FeSO4 and SNP both in soil and foliar applications allevi¬ated leaf interveinal chlorosis and increased the activity of root Fe3+ reductase and the concentration of available iron in soil and leaf suggesting that NO action could be related to iron availability in the rhizosphere and the plant. These results suggest that combined foliar application SNP and FeSO4 could alleviate iron deficiency induced chlorosis of groundnut in calcareous soil. Among genotypes GPBD-4 and GPBD-6 had higher leaf ferrous iron, chlorophyll content and ferric reductase activity and were found iron efficient genotypes.