Effect of Temperature Regimes on Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Reproductive Phases of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
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Date
2015-07
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University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad
Abstract
Three chickpea genotypes viz., Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14 along with five sowing dates (From 40th to 48th Standard Meteorological Week) were evaluated to assess the effect of temperature regimes on physiological and biochemical changes during reproductive phases at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during rabi, 2014-15. Among the dates of sowing, significantly higher plant height, total dry matter (30.27, 26.23 and 20.95 g per plant, respectively), number of primary and secondary branches were recorded under earlier dates of sowing (D1 to D3 temperature regimes). Similarly, the phenological parameters viz., days to flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering (50.22, 49.22 and 50.44 days, respectively), days to podding and physiological maturity (102.3, 99.00 and 91.22 days, respectively) and heat units like GDD, PTI and HUE (2.38, 2.29 and 1.50 respectively) were significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes. The SPAD values, RWC and chlorophyll content were also significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes. Yield and yield attributes viz., number of seeds, pods, seed weight (14.75, 12.11 and 8.55 g per plant, respectively), haulm weight, test weight and seed yield (29.03, 26.52 and 16.11 q ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher under D1 to D3 temperature regimes.
Under late sown conditions (D4 and D5 temperature regimes), increase in the day and night temperature by 5-10oC, which coincided with the reproductive phases resulted in a pollen sterility to an extent of 50-60 per cent. The oxidative enzymes (Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase) recorded higher activity due to increase in temperature during reproductive phases indicating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The genotype, JG-14 recorded higher oxidative enzyme activity, lower pollen sterility and shorter duration (80-90 days) compared to Annigeri-1 and JG-11, substantiating that JG-14 is relatively heat tolerant.
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