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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF RUST RESISTANCE INTROGRESSED INTO Linum usitatissimum L. FROM ITS WILD AND CULTIVATED GENE POOL
    (Department of Crop Improvement, College of Agriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2016-11) KUMAR, NIMIT; Paul, Satish
    ABSTRACT The research endeavour entitled ―Molecular characterization of rust resistance introgressed into Linum usitatissimum L. from its wild and cultivated gene pool‖ was executed in the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HPKV, Palampur and Agricultural Research and Extension Centre (SAREC), Kangra during the years 2012-13 to 2016-17 with the objective to evaluate the crossability of different wild species with its cultivated species, transfer resistance against linseed rust, study the genetics of rust resistant gene(s), identify molecular markers linked to rust resistance gene(s) and nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and its component traits. The experimental material comprised of six cultivated varieties of L. usitatissimum L. namely T-397, Chambal, Kangra Local, HimAlsi-1, Nagarkot & HimAlsi-2 and two wild species viz., L. angustifolium & L. grandiflorum. Interspecific hybridization revealed that L. angustifolium is crossable with cultivated varieties and has shown maximum crossability of 78.00 and 79.13 percent during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively at the temperature range of 10.00 to 24.70°C. The highest seed formation efficiency was observed in cross HimAlsi-2 x L. angustifolium (52.00 and 49.05 percent during 2012-13 and 2013-14 respectively ) at the temperature range of 5.91-22.43°C. The interspecific and intervarietal hybrids developed involving T-397 x L. angustifolium and T-397 x HimAlsi-1, were true to type based on confirmation at the morphological and molecular level. Inheritance of rust under natural epiphytotic conditions in T-397 x L. angustifolium and T-397 x HimAlsi-1 indicated the involvement of single dominant gene for disease resistance. Linkage analysis of the F2 mapping population revealed that the forward marker locus OPA 18 and reverse locus JA23 and rust resistance gene are located 5.8cM and 3.4cM apart, respectively for T-397 x L. angustifolium, whereas, in case of T-397 x HimAlsi-1 it was 1.9cM (OPA 18) and 3.3cM (JA 23) apart from the rust resistance gene. Further, evaluation of crosses using line × tester analysis in a randomized complete block design with three replications revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Both dominance and additive genetic variances were important for the traits but dominance was predominant as compared to additive variance. Line Chambal and tester HimAlsi-1 showed good general combining ability for eight characters. The cross combinations, T-397 x Nagarkot, HimAlsi- 2 x HimAlsi-1, HimAlsi-2 x L. angustifolium, T-397 x HimAlsi-1 and Chambal x Nagarkot showed high, SCA effects, heterobeltiosis and economic heterosis for seed yield per plant and were rated as potential crosses for further improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL TRAITS OF INDIGENOUS BACTERIAL PROBIOTICS OF NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYAS
    (Department of Microbiology, COBS CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 2016-11) SHARMA, SAKSHI; Kanwar, S.S.
    ABSTRACT Eleven indigenous probiotic bacteria obtained from traditional fermented foods of North- Western Himalayas were screened for their functional attributes including antagonistic activity against strict anaerobic pathogens viz., Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The growth of indigenous probiotics in selected prebiotics was maximum in lactulose followed by fructooligosaccharide and inulin. Lactic and short chain fatty acids viz., acetic, propionic and butyric were the principle metabolites observed after fermentation of prebiotics by probiotics as detected by UPLC-MS analysis. The growth of anaerobic pathogens in prebiotics was almost negligible, thereby indicating their safe use without any ill effect to the host. The antagonistic activity against strict anaerobic pathogens was analysed in cell free crude filtrates of probiotics and expressed in terms of specific activity. Maximum specific activity in crude filtrate was observed with AdF10 (L.plantarum) against C.perfringens followed by P. anaerobius and B.fragilis. The antagonistic activity present in crude filtrate was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography yielding 17.88 fold increase in purification. The specific activity of crude filtrate on purification was increased from 105.26 AUmg-1protein to 1882.35AUmg-1protein against C.perfringens. The antagonistic activity was primarily mediated by proteinaceous compound(s) as the activity was lost after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. The characterization of partially purified fractions by Tris-Tricine SDS–PAGE analysis revealed a wide range of proteins with molecular mass in the range of 3.5-100 kDa. The adherence of eleven indigenous probiotics was evaluated using Caco-2 and HT-29 cells as in vitro models. Among all probiotics, AdF10 (L. plantarum) was found to be the most adhesive to HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines with % adhesion of 12.88±0.63 and 9.55±0.76, respectively, which was statistically at par with reference strain L.rhamnosus GG. The three inhibition assays were employed to determine the adherence inhibition ability of probioics against anaerobic pathogens. Maximum inhibition in adherence was observed with exclusion assay as compared to competition and displacement assays. The interaction of different prebiotics with pathogens resulted in reduction of adherence of pathogens to tested cell lines. The crude supernatants obtained from indigenous probiotics were effective in checking the proliferation of transformed cell lines as detected by MTT assay indicating the utility of probiotics as biotherapeutic agents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOIL – PLANT WATER DYNAMICS AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES UNDER GRAM-MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE
    (CSKHPKV, Palmpur, 31-08-16) DHIMAN, SHILVA; Dubey, Y.P.
    ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at the farm of Department of Soil Science, CSKHPKV, Palampur during 2013-16 by taking gram-maize cropping sequence. There were three tillage treatments i.e. conservation tillage, conventional tillage and no tillage; and three nutrient management practices i.e. organic management, integrated management and RDF management (inorganic). Gram and maize was taken as main crops and wheat was grown with gram crop without any tillage practice i.e. integrated and RDF management. Aerobic and anaerobic composts were used in crop as soil application and for top dressing. The organic management with conventional tillage was found to be significantly superior with rest of the treatment combinations on yield attributes, symbiotic parameters and yield of gram in all the three years. The major constraints to grow gram at Palampur was the attack of root rot disease. The disease incidence was reduced through organic nutrient management with conventional tillage. The yield attributes and yield of maize was better in integrated management in first year and in organic management in second year. The conventional tillage in both the years registered significant impact on yield and yield attributes of maize. The yield and yield attributes was better in gram-maize cropping sequence than wheat-maize cropping sequence under integrated and RDF management. The protein and carbohydrate content of gram and maize in both seed and straw was found to be higher in organic management with conventional tillage. The nutrient content and uptake of nutrients was the highest in organic nutrient management with conventional tillage in all the crop growth stages in gram and at harvest whereas in maize it was the highest in integrated nutrient management with conventional tillage. The RLWC (Relative Leaf Water Content), LSC (Leaf Saturation Curve) and volumetric soil moisture content was recorded highest in organic management with conventional tillage in both gram and maize. All the physical properties except available water and SPR (Soil Penetration Resistance) were found to be higher in inorganic nutrient management with conventional tillage. The chemical properties i.e. pH, OC, total nitrogen and total phosphorus was found to be highest in organic nutrient management with conventional tillage whereas available N, P and K was found to be significantly higher in integrated nutrient management with conventional tillage in both surface and subsurface soil. The ammonical nitrogen in both surface and subsurface soil was found to be highest in inorganic nutrient management with conservation tillage whereas the nitrate nitrogen in both surface and subsurface soil was found to be higher in inorganic management with conventional tillage. The physical properties i.e. particle density, WHC (Water Holding Capacity), FC (Field Capacity), PWP (Permanent Wilting Point), AW (Available Water) and WSA (Water Stable Aggregates) were significantly and positively correlated with chemical and biological properties whereas SPR and ammonical nitrogen were negatively correlated. All the chemical properties were positively correlated with soil physical and biological properties except SPR and pore space. All the biological properties were positively and significantly correlated with physical and chemical properties except SPR, ammonical nitrogen and pore space. The physical, chemical and biological properties were generally positively correlated with each other except few parameters i.e. SPR, Ammonical nitrogen and pore space at both the depths.