Loading...
Theses
Browse
192 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access PRIORITIZATION OF SUB WATERSHEDS AND GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES MAPPING OF CHANDRABHAGA RIVER CATCHMENT USING MCDM APPROACH AND GEOINFORMATICS(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2023-02-01) Debbarma, Najima; Kumar, DheerajThe conservation of natural resources is essential to the growth of any region. For a developing nation like India, judicial use of available resources is the utmost necessity and targeting locations of such life sustaining resources will help in saving ti me and provide security. Management of land against erosion and providing water security is the objective of every researcher involved in the field of resources management. With this goal in mind, the present study on Chandrabhaga River catchment of Rajsam and district in Rajasthan, was undertaken with the objectives to study morphometric parameters of the catchment with the use of PCA (Principal Component Analysis), prioritization of sub watersheds using MCDM method (AHP) and identification of groundwater p otential zones. ArcGIS software was used for preparation of various data relating to the study area by using toposheets, DEM data and satellite images. The Chandrabhaga River catchment was sub divided into 9 sub watersheds, SW1 SW9 and 13 morphometric par ameters under three (linear, areal and relief) aspects were computed. PCA was performed and 4 morphometric parameters were extracted and the other parameters correlated with them were considered for performing prioritization using AHP for erosion susceptib ility assessment. For AHP method, criteria were ranked using significant positive correlation values. Out of 9 sub watersheds, SW1, SW2, SW3 and SW4 with total area of 321.90 km 2 , were identified as most vulnerable to erosion due to steep physiography, hig h drainage densities and stream frequencies. So, the soil conservation measures can first be applied to these sub watersheds first depending upon the priority. With the help of ArcGIS software, 9 thematic layers viz drainage density, lineament density, to pographic wetness index, slope, geomorphology, geology, soil texture, land use/cover and rainfall distribution were prepared. The weighted index overlay analysis technique was used to overlay these layers. From the results it was concluded that morphometri c analysis could be an effective methodology for identifying the erosion susceptible regions. Results indicated that, out of total area of 673.52 km 2 , 106.55 km 2 (15.81%) and 4.11 km 2 (0.63%) area have good and very good potential of groundwater respectively. The results were validated with observed groundwater level data of wells using ROC curve. The area under the curve for AHP was found to be 75%. Based on the ROC curve analysis, it was concluded that AHP approach produced reliable results. It was also revealed from the study that accuracy of these approaches ultimately depends on the criteria of classification and weights assigned to the thematic layers.ThesisItem Open Access APPLICATION OF DATA-DRIVEN MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR RAINFALL PREDICTION: A CASE STUDY OF SUB-HUMID KONKAN REGION OF MAHARASHTRA(2023-03) Jadhav, Nikhi Kanta; Kumar, PankajRainfall is one of the most influential hydrologic variables required for number of applications in water resource management, specifically in the agriculture sector. Rainfall prediction has gained utmost importance in recent times due to its association with natural disasters such as floods, landslides, drought, etc. Rainfall prediction can help decision makers of a variety of fields in making decisions regarding important activities like crop planting, agricultural operations, sewer system operations, and managing natural disasters like floods and droughts. This study presents a comparative analysis of four data-driven machine learning models, namely, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Random Forest (RF), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for predicting daily rainfall of Dapoli station, located in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Historical daily meteorological observations starting from 2005 to 2021, for seventeen years, were collected for the analysis from Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. The meteorological parameters data include the parameters such as rainfall (R), minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax), relative humidity in the morning (RH1), relative humidity in the afternoon (RH2), wind speed (WS), sunshine hours (SS), vapor pressure in the morning (VP1), vapor pressure in the afternoon (VP2), and evaporation (E). The whole dataset was split into two parts, the training dataset and the testing dataset. The data were in the proportion of 80% and 20% for the training and testing phase, respectively for the prediction of rainfall. The qualitative and quantitative performance of the aforementioned models was assessed using four statistical properties, viz. coefficient of determination (R2), Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE), root mean square error (RMSE), and index of agreement (d). After a detailed analysis, it was concluded that the RF model performed consistently well for predicting the daily rainfall at Dapoli station.ThesisItem Open Access REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PREDICTION USING VARIOUS HEURISTIC AND STATISTICAL APPROACHES(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, 2024-02-01) Reang, Hamtoiti; Kumar, PravendraThe accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) has paramount importance and is crucial in irrigation planning and scheduling, watershed hydrology studies, drought forecasting and monitoring, water resource management and planning, etc. In the present study from Guwahati station (Assam), the standard FAO-56 based Penman-Monteith (PM) method was utilized to estimate daily ET0 which was considered an output to assess the models. The different soft computing and statistical techniques such as ANN, wavelet based ANN (WANN), ANFIS and MNLR models were used for the prediction of daily reference evapotranspiration in the study area. Gamma test (GT) was used to determine and select the best input combination of climatic parameters (i.e., mean temperature, mean relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation) having the least gamma and V-ratio values. The qualitative and quantitative performance evaluation criteria were done by visual inspection and using statistical and hydrological indices such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of efficiency (CE) and Willmott index (WI) respectively, which were used for assessing the prediction accuracy of the developed models. Based on the comparison of the models, the results revealed that the WANN-11 model performed the best as compared to ANN-8, ANFIS-02 (trap-2) and MNLR models for prediction of reference evapotranspiration of the study area.The sensitivity analysis was also carried out for the best developed model to detect the most sensitive input parameter based on the performance of the model. It was found that mean relative humidity was the most sensitive input parameterfor daily reference evapotranspiration prediction of the study area. (ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CUM BATTERY OPERATED BOOM SPRAYER AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOLAR PANEL TILT ANGLE FOR MAXIMUM RADIATION AND DISCHARGE(2023-02-01) Chaniyal, Divanshu; Kumar, ArunSpraying pesticides is one of the most important process in agricultural production. A farmer must engage in spraying as a crucial task to safeguard cultivated crops from insects, pests, fungi, and diseases. The major drawback of a hand-operated spray pump is that it can not be used continuously for around 5 to 6 hours without tiring the user. The fuel-operated spray pumps required fuel, which was expensive, contribute to high CO2 emissions, and challenging to get in remote locations. Reducing the carbon footprint and being friendly to the environment, solar power can easily help with that. To solve challenges a solar cum battery-operated boom sprayer is required. It is suitable for small land holding farmers and has low cost of operation. The development and fabrication of sprayer was done in workshop, comprising of components angle adjustment mechanism, telescopic panel stand, rear axle and tyres for proper stability, frame, and supporting links. The performance of the developed sprayer was evaluated in laboratory to ensure that the objectives are fulfilled. Under laboratory conditions, sprayer was tested in solar power mode of operation. The independent parameters for lab test were nozzle type (flat fan), tilt angle of solar panel (20°, 30°, 40°, 50°), time ((10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) and afternoon (2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.), height of solar panel ( highest, medium, and lowest). The developed sprayer performance was evaluated on the basis of net radiation, current ,voltage, discharge rate and pressure. The developed sprayer should be operated in Sunny day and can be switch to battery mode in non sunny day. Panel should be mounted at 30° in order to receive maximum radiation. The application rate of sprayer ranged from 356 to 432 l/ha which is adequate for spraying on different vegetable crop.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Load Carrying Capacity of Unreinforced Slopes with Varied Footing Shapes and Edge Distance using PLAXIS 3D(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2023-02-01) Arya, Manish; Suman, SanjeevIn Uttarakhand's hilly regions, construction of shallow footings close to sloping ground is very common. Special care must be taken when estimating the load carrying capacity of such footings beacuase the slope geometry interferes with the footing's failure zone. The choice of footing on unsupported sloping grounds becomes important because different footing shapes have different load distribution patterns which gives different load carrying capacities. The improper formation of the passive resistance zone toward the face of the slope may significantly reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation for footing placed on the crest or on the face of a slope. For the presented research problem, the slopes were modeled in the PLAXIS 3D software with slope angles of 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°and with different shaped footings (square, rectangular, circular and trapezoidal), placed at different edge distances of 1m, 2m, 4m, 6m and 8m having same bearing area of 4m2 for each type of footing. A total of 100 models were prepared in the PLAXIS 3D for the analysis of load carrying capacity of footing resting near unreinforced slope for various cases. The soil is of loamy type and its properties are taken from a landslide prone area named Kakri Ghat in Nainital district of Uttarakhand. The effect of slope angle and distance of footing from the edge of the slope on the load carrying capacity of the footing have been researched and findings are discussed in detail. The results are later verified with the analytical methods and the edge distances after which the effect of slope angle gets nullified is verified with the charts given by Kusakabe (1981). It has been concluded that the load carrying capacity of the footings increases with the increase in the edge distance and decreases with the increase in slope angle. The effect of shape of the footing on LCC is complex phenomenon and the results are different for different case scenarios. The best footing shapes for various cases for maximum load carrying capacity are discussed in the chapter 4.ThesisItem Open Access Improvement of voltage profile in distribution system using compensating devices(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Pandey, Kamal; Singh, SunilOptimal reactive power deployment in accordance with the statutory provisions of Indian Electricity Grid Codes is important for better performance of the system. Better voltage profile, lower losses, and improved efficiency are measures of distribution system quality. The aim is to keep the system operating smoothly with a better voltage profile at every node. A good distribution network is hence expected to improve overall efficiency of the system through loss minimization and power quality control. Due to the bidirectional nature of the present distribution system, DFACTS devices are gaining relevance almost everywhere for quick voltage management, power quality maintenance, and enhanced stability margins In this research work, a 33 bus distribution system of base 12.66 kV and 10 MVA is taken into consideration. After that, the improvement of voltage profile is discussed. By using load flow analysis, the values of unknown parameters are calculated. The impact of single and multiple D-STATCOM is investigated. The minimum voltage profile is improved to 0.9523 pu (5.18 % from base case) and 0.9780 pu (8.18 % from base case) from 0.9040 pu in single and multiple D-STATCOM cases respectively. The real and reactive power losses are reduced by 28.37 % and 27.55 % in single D-STATCOM case; while in the case of multiple D-STATCOM case, this reduction is 38.09 % and 37.02 % respectively. Overall, it is concluded that in this case, the D-STATCOM helps in improving the voltage profile by injecting a suitable amount of reactive power into the system.ThesisItem Open Access Application of machine learning algorithms in hostel mess attendance system using face recognition(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Pokhariya, Jyoti; Mishra, P.K.How to accurately and effectively identify people has always been an exciting topic in research and industry. With the rapid development of machine learning in recent years, facial recognition is gaining more and more attention. The face is the representation of one's identity. Hence, we have proposed an automated hostel mess attendance system based on face recognition for students. Face recognition is mainly used in biometric applications, surveillance systems, and computer vision. The major problem while recognizing faces arises due to pose variations, background illumination invariants and facial expressions. The proposed model utilizes two machine learning algorithms, HOG and SVM. HOG is used in preprocessing face images, and SVM is the classification algorithm used for image classification. The use of two separate machine learning algorithms improves the system recognition accuracy. In many of the hostel mess, managing the attendance of students/candidates is a tedious task, as there would be many students in the hostel mess and keeping track of all is onerous. Based on face detection and recognition algorithms, this system spontaneously detects the student when they enter the hostel mess and mark their attendance by recognizing them. The database is then modified or updated automatically. This reduces the time and effort of manually updating the attendance. The act of proxies will also be avoided using a face recognition attendance system. Face recognition system, compared to traditional card recognition, biometrics like fingerprint recognition and iris recognition, has many advantages. It is limited to non-contact, high concurrency, and user-friendly models, which are highly required after the covid-19 pandemic.ThesisItem Open Access Application of RSM in design improvement of honeycomb sandwich panel(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Nagendra Kumar; Misra, AnadiThe geometry and dimensions of honeycomb structure affects the energy absorption characteristics of sandwich structure. It is essential to investigate the dimensional parameters of honeycomb structure on core under impact loading conditions. The combined and individual effect of each design parameter can be studied using response surface method (RSM).The objective of current research is to investigate the effect of various design variables on energy absorption characteristics of sandwich honeycomb structure. The CAD modelling and FEA simulation is conducted on honeycomb structure using ANSYS simulation package. The design of honeycomb sandwich structure is optimized using response surface method (RSM) to determine dimensions for maximum and minimum deformation and stresses. The honeycomb sandwich structure has shown good energy absorption characteristics. The internal energy of sandwich honeycomb structure changes abruptly as the bullet pierces through honeycomb structure. The force reaction by honeycomb structure in optimized design is found to increase by nearly 26.7%. The optimized design is able to further reduce kinetic energy of bullet during exit from sandwich structure by 23%.ThesisItem Open Access Modelling and analysis of hierarchical honeycomb structure using finite element method(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-10) Shah, Amit Kumar; Misra, AnadiHoneycomb structures are strong and light composite structures with a high load bearing capability. A hierarchical honeycomb is a bio-inspired novel honeycomb shape that is employed for structural applications. The stiffness behaviour of hierarchical honeycombs is influenced by superstructure geometry. The deformation of a superstructure-based hierarchical honeycomb with varying cell lengths (4.36 mm, 5.32 mm, 6.28 mm, and 7.14 mm) was investigated in this research. For out of plane directed crushing, a numerical approach using the ANSYS static structure module was applied. The effects of various superstructure geometries were investigated. The boundary condition of a three point bend test configuration was performed on the structure. A deformation force of 200N, 400N, 600N, 800N, and 1000 N was applied at the midpoint of the honeycomb structure's span. The deformation caused in the member reduces as the superstructure cell length rises. The structure gets stiffer and exhibits less deformation as the core height increases. The honeycomb sandwich structure becomes stiffer as the thickness of the face sheet increases. Where weight is not an important structural criterion, a super-structure honeycomb sandwich structure may be the best solution.
