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Open Access
Impact of surfactant modified ferrite nanoparticles on mechanical and thermal characteristics of epoxy
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-09) Singh, Ashtosh Kumar; Saxena, Rakesh
Present investigation deals with development of surfactant modified ferrite nanoparticles (FNs) to achieve the epoxy ferrite composites (EFCs) bearing enhanced dispersion and compatibility of filler with epoxy matrix. This has afforded a series of EFCs with improved tensile, bending, compressive and impact strength. EFCs has shown improved hardness with characteristic reduction in their wear loss. However, a marginal increase in thermal stability of EFCs has been observed. Formation of surface modified FNs (SFNs) and their compatibility with epoxy matrix was clearly revealed through Fourier transformed infra- red spectra. Diversified microscopic methods in combination with X-ray diffraction spectra, magnetometry and DC conductivity experiments reveals enhanced dispersion of SFNs into EFCs. The overall experimental outcome reveals that SFNs (2 phr) imparts improved dispersion, compatibility with epoxy matrix that leads to the formation of EFCs with improved mechanical properties and controlled wear loss. Study further reveals that, EFCs developed through SFNs were of improved durability over those derived from FNs under identical filler loadings. Study finally disclose the importance of surfactants as modifiers for magnetically active fillers such as ferrites and their similar analogues making them suitable for development of high performance polymer nanocomposites suitable for the appliances useful for transportation, stealth and energy management, and biomedical applications.
Open Access
A study of factors affecting community participation and sustainability of community radio stations in northern India
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Arya, Neha; Kashyap, S.K.
Community radio is considered as a communication intervention strategy of choice for deepening participation and community ownership. Community radio involves community organization, joint thinking and decision-making, all of which entail great potential for empowering communities and building a democratic society. However, the community radio stations has been facing various social, infrastructural, organizational, programming, technical and financial constraints in its functioning. These constraints have raised the concern of community radio practitioners regarding the issue of community radio sustainability. Many community radio stations are struggling for maintaining good quality broadcasting services while ensuring high level of community participation. Thus, to have an insight into these issues, a study was undertaken to find out the social, economic, psychological and communication characteristics of community radio listeners along with their participation in community radio functioning and sustainability of community radio stations. The study was carried out in northern Indian states and union territories. Stratified random sampling was employed to select sixteen community radio stations (8 from NGO operated community radios and 8 from educational institute operated community radios) for the study. Total 16 community radio staff and 240 community radio listeners (15 listeners from each community radio) were selected through simple random sampling process. The analytical and descriptive research deign was used. Pre-tested structured interview schedule was used for data collection and relevant statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, t-test, correlation of coefficient, multiple linear regression and principal component analysis were used for analysis and interpretation of the data. Findings of the study revealed that maximum number of respondents (49.16%) belonged to the middle age group and were female (51.67%), married (62.92%) having high level of information seeking behavior (45.42%) and medium level of mass media exposure (42.91%). Maximum number of respondents were graduated (17.91%), unemployed (46.68%), carried official position in one organization (33.75%) having medium level of mass media utilization (45%), high achievement motivation (37.50%), low economic motivation (42.08%) and medium level of listening behaviour (43.75%). Majority of the respondents displayed favourable attitude towards community radio stations (65.00%) and medium level of perception about community radio programmes (53.33%) having medium level of communication skills (57.92%) and medium level of change proneness (40.84%). Further it was found that more than half of the respondents (53.75%) had medium level of participation in CRS functioning. It was also found that maximum number of the community radio stations (43.75%) were moderately sustainable. Among independent variables, age, information seeking behaviour, mass media utilization, social participation, listening behaviour, attitude towards community radio station, perception about community radio programmes and communication skills had significant positive relationship with the community participation in community radio functioning. Further educational qualification and mass media exposure had significant negative relationship with the community participation in community radio functioning. The study also indicated that community participation in community radio functioning had significant positive relationship with sustainability of community radio stations. Further it was found that programming constraints were ranked first as the major constraint faced by community radio stations followed by social, financial, technological, organizational, policy related and infrastructural constraints. Strategic planning of community radio stations, government support, intensive awareness campaigns, scrutinizing skilled human resources and improving their professionalism, improving programming and listenership, boosting community participation, regular capacity building programmes, abating dependency on parent organization, searching for new financial avenues, periodic monitoring and evaluation and pooled efforts are some of the strategies to ensure the community radio sustainability.
Open Access
Loyalty creation through social media driven consumer brand engagement in Delhi
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-07) Pandey, Shobha; Singh, Saurabh
Social media acts as a medium to bridge the gap between brands and consumers. Brands are taking advantage of social media websites to empower information dissemination of the product or service. Social media provides ample opportunities to create connections with consumers. So, it becomes imperative for the marketers to tap these platforms. The digital presence can help in attaining better consumer engagement. The best suitable social media platform strategy leads to better consumer engagement. This research was focused on social media users of Delhi. The research was done in order to evaluate users’ perception, identify factors affecting social media communication and model development for social media brand engagement. The model started with seven exogenous factors, consumer brand engagement as mediator and brand loyalty as an endogenous factor. The results revealed that perceived interactivity, normative influence, informative quality and company responsiveness were affecting consumer brand mangagement which in turn affected loyalty. Consumer Brand Engagement fully mediated between perceived interactivity, information quality and brand loyalty. Partial mediation existed in the case of company responsiveness whereas no mediation was there for normative influence. This study shows relevance of social media in marketing communication and in building brand loyalty. Managers can maintain a powerful digital presence by leveraging the benefits of various social media sites and designing their social media strategy focused on the significant factors. Therefore, it becomes imperative for organizations to implement a suitable online strategy to create an impact on their customers.
Open Access
Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of different biological activities of Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. and Plectranthus barbatus Andrews
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Kanyal, Jeewanti; Om Prakash
In present study the chemical composition by GC/MS, isolation of the compounds by column chromatography, characterization of isolated compounds by spectroscopic techniques, biochemical assay and their different biological activities like antioxidant, in vitro antiinflammatory, herbicidal, antibacterial, antifungal and antifeedant activities of essential oils, various extracts and isolated compounds from Mosla dianthera and Plectranthus barbatus were evaluated. The yields of essential oils and extracts from M. dianthera and P. barbatus were observed 0.1-0.4% and 1.3-12.0% respectively. Carvone, n-decanal, (-)-bornyl acetate, capric aldehyde, thymol, p-cymene, β-pinene and α-pinene were identified as major components in essential oils. Cellobiose, forskolin, tetrapentacontane, thymoquinol, palmitic acid, γ-sitosterol, 2-ethyl-5-isopentylthiophene, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and (Z)-9-octadecenal were identified as major components in extracts. The isolation of the compounds from aerial part essential oil of M. dianthera and root part ethyl acetate extract (polar fraction) of P. barbatus by column chromatography and characterization by FT-IR and NMR proofed the presence of carvone and forskolin respectively. The total phenolics, flavonoids and orthodihydric phenols in the extracts were found to vary from 13.72 to 47.72 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, 10.65 to 71.73 mg/g catechin equivalent and 4.55 to 10.27 mg/g catechol equivalent respectively. The antioxidant assay was evaluated by six different methods. The essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds exhibited antioxidant potential in a dose dependent manner. The in-vitro antiinflammatory activity of essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated by using protein (albumin) denaturation method. A remarkable anti-inflammatory potential was exhibited by isolated compound forskolin (89.40%) and aerial part chloroform extract of M. dianthera (88.03%). The herbicidal activity was determined in term of inhibition of seed (radish) germination. All the essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds showed moderate to strong herbicidal potential in a dose dependent manner. The essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against two pathogenic bacteria. Among all, isolated compound forskolin was found to most effective against B. cereus and E. coli. Similarly, the antifungal activity of essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds was tested against two phytopathogenic fungi and express in term of inhibition of mycelial growth of fungi. The essential oils were found more effective for inhibiting the growth of fungus. Among all, aerial part essential oil of M. dianthera exhibited maximum inhibition (100%) of mycelial growth of A. alternata and C. lunata at higher concentration (500 ppm). The antifeedant activity was evaluated by using leaf disc method in no-choice situation. All the essential oils, extracts and isolated compounds exhibited a diverse category of antifeedant activity (moderate to extreme antifeedant). Among all, the maximum antifeedant activity was observed in aerial part essential oil of M. dianthera (90.70%), followed by isolated compounds carvone (89.17%) and forskolin (87.60%) against S. obliqua (Bihar hairy caterpillar) larvae.
Open Access
A study on adoption of climate resilient technologies by farmers under NICRA in Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-10) Khati, Kanchan; Amardeep
Climate change and food security are two of the most critical challenges being faced by the global community. India is more vulnerable in view of large population depending on agriculture. The farmers already act towards in the climatic changes both by adopting the technological coping mechanisms on the positive side and negatively through shifting to other professions. Uttarakhand is most vulnerable to climate-mediated risks because agriculture in Uttarakhand is largely rain-fed, irrigation facilities are least, and small fragmented land holdings. To cope up with climate change, climate resilience is the ability of a system to absorb shocks and recover as quickly as possible to normal conditions when external environment improves. So there is a need for a climate resilient agriculture leading to sustainable food security through integrating innovations, technologies, efficient resource use, capacity building, public policies, establishment of new institutions, and development of infrastructure etc. NICRA is an ICAR initiative launched with a focus on making most vulnerable districts of the nation climate resilient. The project can succeed only with farmer’s contribution and their commitment of time and resources. Hence, there is a need to find out the extent of farmers participation and adoption of technologies under project. The present study made an attempt to find out the socioeconomic, personal, communication and psychological characteristics of farmers along with extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies by them to cope up with climate change. Relationship between socio-economic, personal, communication and psychological characteristics of farmer and their extent of adoption of climate resilient technologies was also studied. The study was conducted in two purposively selected districts Uttarkashi and Tehri Garhwal as the locale for the study. Three villages namely Dabri and Kailaith of Tehri Garhwal and Dunda of Uttarkashi district were selected purposively for study. Total 200 respondents were selected through probability proportionate to size method. The analytical and descriptive research design was used. Pre tested interview schedule and statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, t-test, correlation of coefficient, CSRT, regression analysis etc. were used to analyzed and interpretation of the data. Findings of the study reveal that majority of the respondent (41%) were middle age group, were female (54.5%), general caste (87.50%), educated upto middle level (25%), having married (99%), majority were nuclear families (50.50%), with small size of (42%) families. Majority of respondent had low farming experience (37.50%), belonged to (47%) medium socio economic status, low extension agency of contact (63.50%), medium extent of mass media utilization (57.50%), moderately localite (45.50%), less cosmopolite (44.50%), low information seeking behavior (41.00%) and had high scientific orientation (43%), and medium innovativeness (41%). Majority of the respondents were participating in rainwater harvesting practices (74.50%) followed by 55.50 percent were in training activities regarding vermin composting under natural resources management activities. Under crop production, majority were participating in weed control measures (66%) followed by 64.50 percent of participating in pre showing techniques. Majority of respondents were participating in training related to poultry production (98%). Respondents were having medium level of overall perception about changing climate and the ongoing climate resilient practices. Full adoption of technologies such as 16.50 percent low cost water harvesting structure, 10.5 percent poly house for vegetable cultivation, 9 percent vermicomposting, 31 percent respondent was drought tolerant varieties and 48 percent high yielding varieties, vegetable nursery raising which was adopted by 31.50 percent respondent, 5 percent use of traps to control white grubs, 3.50 percent fodder grass on farm bunds, 7 percent use improved varieties of fodder and poultry farming by 0.50 percent farmers. It was found that education status, extension agency contact, land holding, type of land, socio economic status, scientific orientation, innovativeness and information seeking behaviour were found to be significant positive relationship with the adoption of climate resilient practices. Further effect of independent variables on level of adoption based on SPSS found that innovativeness, SES, land holding, farming experiences, personal localiteness, information seeking behaviour, mass media exposure and gender was the major contributory factors which explain the variation in adoption level of the farmers with a contribution of 55.10 percent of variances (R2 = 0.551).This study threw some light on policy matters to reproduce models to other villages and to redesign the already implemented interventions in a way which ensures a higher adoptability. In addition, developmental schemes to focus exclusively on climate resilient aspects of the farmers need to be designed and implemented. Also, it is important to focus on policies and plans to access and quality of public extension services, more training for farmers, more government extension staff working at the local level and promote knowledge for more adoption are essential.
Open Access
Effect of differential nitrogen fertilization and nano zinc seed priming on yield and seed protein quality in finger millet genotypes
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Gururani, Kavita; Pandey, Dinesh
The “green revolution” based modern agriculture helped in increasing crop production and averting the hunger with the use of Nitrogenous fertilizers mainly. However, excessive use of fertilizers has threatened agriculture and sustainability of environment; and reduced the diversity of food, which is a major cause of malnutrition. Agronomic biofortification through direct application of fertilizer is an effective method to overcome the problem of malnutrition; however, fertilizers should be used with caution for both commercial and environmental reasons. Therefore there is need to optimize the dose of fertilizer and to use naotechnological interventions so as to produce nutritionaly rich food without compromising yield and damaging the environment. Such approaches will not only biofortify the crops but also ensure environment-friendly agriculture by promoting low-input sustainable crop cultivation. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), holds immense agricultural and economic importance due to its high nitrogen use efficiency and richness in proteins being good source of essential amino acids and minerals. Two genotypes of finger millet viz. GE-1437 and GE-3885 were taken for the study to observe the effect of differential nitrogen fertilization without and with nano zinc seed priming (5ppm) on agro-morphological parameters, seed protein content, seed zinc content, expression analysis of seed storage proteins, regulatory genes of essential amino acid metabolism and accumulation of seed storage proteins. Results of agro-morphological data analysis showed the maximum biomass, grain yield and zinc content was obtained at 60kg/h urea without nano zinc seed priming; and 40kg/h urea with nano zinc seed priming. Nine regulatory genes involved in metabolism of essential amino acids have been identified from the transcriptome of finger millet spike. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of various cis-regulatory elements in the regulatory genes i.e. GCN4 motif, O2-site, G-box and GATA-motif, P-box etc. which are found to play an important role in N metabolism, SSP synthesis, light response, hormone response or stress response and directly or indirectly may regulate the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. Among the treatments without nano zinc seed priming the maximum expression of all the seed storage proteins was obtained with 40kg/h urea at later stages of spike development. On the other hand, for the treatments with nano zinc seed priming, the maximum expression of all the SSPs was obtained with control and 80kg/h urea at later stages of spike development. Both the genotypes showed higher expression of most of the regulatory genes with farm yard manure without and with nano zinc seed priming. The comparative analysis showed the higher expression of globulin and prolamin with the treatments without nano zinc seed priming and albumin with the treatments with nano zinc seed priming at later stages of spike development. SDS-PAGE further confirmed the increase in globulin and prolamin with the treatments without nano zinc seed priming and albumin with the treatments with nano zinc seed priming in mature seeds. Results of present investigation have suggested that high productivity/yield along with high Zn content of Finger millet can be obtained upon application of 40kg/h urea with nano zinc seed priming. Though this treatment can be used to solve Zn malnutrition problem among the masses yet it compromises with quality of protein and protein content in grains. In order to solve protein malnutrition problem, however, one can apply 40kg/h urea without nano zinc seed priming to enhance the seed protein content and quality in terms of essential amino acids.
Open Access
Varietal screening against insect pest complex of chilli and their management through essential oils
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Bhatt, Babita; Karnatak, A.K.
Screening of commonly grown chilli varieties against chilli thrips. To study the influence of crop phenological characters against insect pests of chilli crop and to assess the relationship between them.To assess the effectiveness of plant derivatives against insect pests of chilli. To study the antifeedant activity of plant derivatives against Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera, these studies were conducted during the rabi seasons in the year 2018-19 and 2019- 2020 under field and laboratory conditions at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Among the fifteen commonly grown chilli varieties that were screened against thrips population and leaf curl index (LCI) Pant C-1 recorded minimum thrips population and LCI and it was categorized as moderately resistant. Seven varieties were grouped as moderately susceptible and seven varieties were susceptible. Proline (6.00 micro moles/ g leaf to 4.00 micro moles/ g leaf) and phenol content (15.22 mg/ 10 g leaf to 9.57 mg/ 10 g leaf) were negatively and highly significantly associated with thrips population while protein (7.71 mg/ 10 g leaf to 14.38 mg/ 10 g leaf) and total sugars (25.40 mg/ 10 g leaf to 50.33 mg/ 10 g leaf) were positively and highly significantly associated with thrips population. All the insect pests had positive and highly significant association with plant height. Leaf area had a positive but non significant effect on insect pest population. Number of branches/ plant had a negative and non significant effect with aphids, whitefly, fruit borer, Spodoptera and Coccinella. Number of leaves/ plant had negative and highly significant impact on insect pests and predator population. Petiole length and Internode length had a highly significant while a negative and positive impact on insect pests and predator population. The arthropod diversity was recorded in “Pusa Jwala” variety of chilli. Fifteen species of insect pests, fifteen species of natural enemies and one species of pollinator were recorded from chilli field. Population fluctuation of insect pest was also correlated with abiotic factors where a positive correlation of aphids (r= 0.503* and 0.440*) and thrips (r= 0.393 and 0.421*) was observed with mean temperature. During 2018-19 mean relative humidity had a positive and non significant impact on insect pest and predator population while a negative association was observed in 2019-2020. During both the crop season rainfall was positively associated with pest and predator population. However, sunshine hours was positively associated with pest population during 2018-19 and negatively associated with pest population during 2019-2020. Multiple regression equation was also calculated during both the season. In the year 2018-19 the weather factors caused a variation in the range of 43% to 64% in insect pests and predator population while in 2019-2020 variation of 32% to 53% was observed. Three simultaneous application of Fipronil 200 SC @ 150 ml/ha was found to be most effective in managing all insect pest population. Maximum predator population was observed in the untreated plots followed by plots treated with Linseed oil @ 5%. Overall yield was maximum in Fipronil 200 SC @ 150 ml/ha treatment (7.63 T/ha). The highest cost benefit ratio was obtained in the plots treated with Linseed oil @ 5% (1:0.54 and 1:0.48). The antifeedant activity of essential oil was also calculated against Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions. The mean leaf area consumed by both the larvae (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura) was minimum in rosemary oil @ 2% (2.64 cm2) treatment followed by citronella oil @ 2% (3.20 cm2).Maximum leaf area was consumed in untreated control (14 cm2) followed by linseed oil @ 2% (10.26 cm2).
Open Access
Genetic analysis of morphological and quality parameters of barnyard millet [Echinocloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link)] germplasm collected from Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Ranjana; Jeena, A.S.
The present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of morphological and quality parameters of barnyard millet (Echinocloa frumentaceae (roxb.) Link) germplasm collected from Uttarakhand” was conducted with 87 germplasm accessions of barnyard millet at G.B.P.U.A&T, Pantnagar during Kharif 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid in RBD along with two checks (VL181 and PRJ-1) in three replications. The data was recorded for 13 morphological and 10 yield attributing traits. Allaccessions were observed to have erect growth habit and one-sided spikelet arrangement with complete absence of lower raceme branching. Majority of germplasm entries exhibit presence of culm branching and concave grain shape. Most of the accessions exhibit pyramidical inflorescence of green colour and compact panicle having grey or light grey grain, thick lower raceme and absence of lodging. Intermediate, phenotype was exhibited by germplasm with respect to presence or absence of pigmentation at internodes and leaf sheath, and straight or curved lower raceme shape. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all the quantitative traits, suggesting presence of sufficient variability. A wide range of mean values were exhibited by the accessions for all the characters. High PCV and GCV was recorded for lower raceme length and peduncle length along with high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean, indicating predominance of additive effects in expression of these traits and high efficiency of phenotypic selection for these characters. Basal tiller number showed highly significant positive correlation with yield/plot and was the main positive medium to affect the yield by various characters as revealed by path analysis. Eighty-seven germplasm accessions of barnyard millet were grouped into four clusters using Mahalanobis D2 analysis, among which cluster I was the major cluster, comprising 85% of the total germplasm accessions while cluster II with 9 and Cluster III and IV with one accession each. The inter-cluster distance was observed to be highest between cluster I and cluster IV (23.15) followed by cluster II and III (17.51). Highest cluster mean values for most of the traits were exhibited by cluster III. Lower raceme length presented maximum contribution (30.18%) towards diversity which was followed by peduncle length (26.69 %) and 1000 seed weight (25.18 %). The results from analysis of micronutrient content recorded highest amount of iron in SANWA 7874 (28.19 mg/100g), highest zinc content in SANWA 7877 (5.93mg/100g), highest manganese content in PGR-SA-13-07 (4.70mg/100g) and copper content was found to be highest in GP-2011-129 (0.72mg/100g).
Open Access
Impact of nutrient sources on soil carbon pools, soil properties and yield of wheat-urdbean under poplar based agroforestry system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-06) Ghosh, Sukanya; Paul, Jai
Field experiment was conducted during rabi and kharif seasons of 2017-19 at Experimental site of Agroforestry Research Centre (old site) near Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design comprising of nine nutrient treatments (chemical fertilizers and its substitution with organics) to study their effects on soil properties under an established poplar agroforestry system with wheat- urd bean cropping sequence. Observed results showed that treatment where application of 50% of recommended dose of N-fertilizers was substituted by FYM+VC gave highest grain yield of wheat (41.6 quintal ha-1) and urdbean (6.86 quintal ha-1) which was significantly higher than all other fertilizer treatments. Due to continuous cropping no perceptible change in pH was observed. Availability of nutrients was found lower in deeper soil layers (15-60 cm) than in surface layer (0-15 cm). The bulk density displayed a growing pattern in respective treatments, with a rise in soil depth (0–30 cm). With integrated nutrient management program, soil physical properties were enhanced. The status of Walkley black carbon showed a growing trend over the years. In control, it was 5.13 g C kg-1, whereas combined use of NPK fertilizers and FYM+VC in 50:50 ratio increased it by 23.5 and 33.2% over T1. With 100 per cent (NPK+FYM+VC) application, the highest concentrations of various carbon pools were found, whereas the control plot displayed the lowest amounts. Regardless of depths, the optimal application of NPK:FYM+VC in 50:50 on N basis demonstrated a higher concentration of organic carbon pools in the soil relative to both controls taken in the study. All the treatments showed higher accumulation of soil organic carbon fractions in surface soil as compared to sub-surface soil. Growing crops without fertilization reduced the percentages of organic carbon fractions. Active and passive soil organic carbon fractions were at peak with joint application of NPK and FYM at all depths of the soil. Active pool (Cfrac1 and Cfrac2) of soil organic carbon contributed more to total carbon in comparison to contribution of passive pool (Cfrac3 and Cfrac4). The results revealed that incorporation of FYM @ 6 t ha-1 with VC @ 2 t ha-1 and NPK has observed significantly higher soil microbial biomass carbon, TOC stock, C-sequestration and C-sequestration rate than any other management practices. Carbon management index values for different nutrient application schemes were observed and found to be good with INM practices. Carbon budget was significantly positive by use on integrated nutrient application in the two year period rather than only chemical or no fertilization. Maximum increase of 54.6% and 73.5% in dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase, respectively was recorded in the treatment where 50% of RDF was substituted through FYM+VC after wheat harvest. Also its residual effect on enzymes after urdbean harvest was maximum and increased over open control by 62.3% and 86.1%. Therefore, from this experiment it is concluded that application of NPK in conjunction with FYM and VC could be a sustainable management practice to sustain soil fertility, sequester more carbon and maintain/improve soil health vis-a-vis enhanced production of wheat- urdbean cropping sequence under poplar stands in Mollisols.

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