Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

2018 - 20192
Reset filters
End date: 2019 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Rating Count: 5 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using Lemongrass oil, Jatropha biodiesel and diesel oil blends
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Mohd Irshad; Tewari, P.C.
    Due to the sudden rise in prices and increased awareness of the harmful effects of crude oil on the environment, biodiesel, considered an environmentally friendly source of energy, has become too important as an alternative fuel in recent years. Energy resource demand is rising at a very rapid rate and demand for liquid fuel in the transport sector is very high. Biodiesel is therefore considered seriously as an alternative fuel for the diesel engine. Lemongrass oil is used as an alternative fuel for the diesel engine in the present study, the Jatropha biodiesel. Jatropha oil is first converted to biodiesel using reaction esterification and transesterification to enhance its different properties. In the presence of H2SO4 (1%) and KOH (1% by weight) as a catalyst, methanol (13% by weight) is used as alcohol. Using esterification and transesterification reactions, 94% of biodiesel yield is obtained. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a 4.4 kW, single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine, when fuelled with Jatropha biodiesel, Lemongrass oil and its 10-10%, 20-20%, 30-30%, 40-40%, 5-5%, 15-15%, 25-25%, 50-50%, 20-40%, 40-30%, 60-20% and 80-10% blends (on a volume basis) with diesel are investigated and compared with that of the standard diesel. Various experiments have been conducted at a fixed engine speed of 1500 rpm and at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load. The main study is conducted with the aim of increasing the different parameters and characteristics of engine performance by using different selected blends of Jatropha biodiesel, Lemongrass oil with diesel. The parameters of engine performance such as brake power, brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, smoke density, absorption coefficient, and exhaust temperature were measured and the optimum blends that gave these parameters the best results were investigated. The diesel engine blends L30J30D40 and L40J40D20 are obtained as the best blended fuel. The results of the experiment have been analyzed and compared with standard diesel. It is observed that there is a slight improvement in the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine by using some blends. It is also concluded that biodiesel and it's all blends show approximately similar properties to that of diesel fuel, thus they provided satisfactory results on the engine. The exhaust gas emissions of biodiesel and its all blended fuel types are also found better than that of diesel fuel except at 100% load. Therefore, all these blends can be effectively and efficiently used as an engine fuel without any modifications in the engine.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Target vehicle tracking under occlusion for video surveillance
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Joshi, Rakesh Chandra; Mathur, Sanjay
    With the rapid development corporate infrastructure, industrial establishments, educational institutes and residential premises are facing an increasing need to enhance their security. In this thesis, a hybrid target vehicle tracking algorithm for smart video surveillance is proposed. It aims to track an unidentified target vehicle’s motion in a secured campus even in case of occlusion (if any) and to detect if it exhibits any suspicious activity. The main contents of this thesis are as follows: Aiming at the tracking of a target vehicle and handling occlusions if any through Kalman Filter assisted occlusion handling technique, performance evaluation under different noise and illumination levels and finally suspicious activity detection technique for the tracked vehicle. The algorithm works through two periods namely tracking period (no occlusion) and detection period (in case of occlusion), thus depicting its hybrid nature. Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracker governs the operation of algorithm during the tracking period, whereas, a Cascaded Object Detector (COD) of weak classifiers, specially trained on a large database of cars, governs the operation during detection period or occlusion with the assistance of Kalman Filter. The motion analyses and suspicious activity detection capabilities have been discussed separately. The algorithm’s tracking efficiency has been tested on six different tracking scenarios of increasing complexity in real time. Performance evaluation results under high noise and low illumination show that the tracking algorithm has good robustness. All tests have been conducted on the MATLAB platform. The validity and practicality of the algorithm are verified.