Theses

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 1055

Open Access
Identification of new sources of resistance and evaluation of some IPM modules against major insect pests of rice
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-01) Hitendra Kumar; Tiwari, S.N.
New sources of resistance were identified in rice against brown plant hopper in 865 entries of AICRIP, 2005 and 2006, in 205 entries of IRRI and 24 rice varieties in glasshouse screening tests. Entries NDR 3110, PTB 33 and CR 2069-16-1 were found immune against BPH, while KAUM MO 8 20 KR, CRAc 34997, KRH 2, HKR 01-44, IR 1218-598-1-281-1, R 1243-1224-578-1, IR 71033-62-15, REMYA (MO. 10), IR 55548-5, IR 57257-34-1-2-1, IR 59547-247-2-1, IR 59552-63-3-2-3 and one rice variety Manhar were rated as highly resistant. Under field evaluation test against BPH all the entries of different AICRIP and IRRI trials were found highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant due to low BPH incidence during both kharif 2005 and 2006, except cv Manhar, which was found moderately susceptible In field screening of different entries of AICRIP and IRRI against yellow stem borer, immune reaction was exhibited by 31 entries at vegetative stage and by 76 entries at reproductive stage. Under glasshouse conditions 17 entries of IRSBN-05 exhibited immune reaction against yellow stem borer. All the entries tested for resistance to leaf folder under field condition were found with less per cent leaf damage due to low incidence of leaf folder during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Growth and development of brown plant hopper nymphs and honey dew excretion by brown plant hopper adults was significantly low on different highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries as compared to susceptible TN 1. Longevity of both male and female adults of BPH on highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant entries was significantly high than TN 1. F1 progenies of all the seven crosses of rice entries were at par in their resistance reaction against BPH with their resistant female parents under glass house conditions, while F1 progenies of REMYA (MO. 10) × Pusa Basmati 1 and IR 59552-63-2-3 × Pusa Basmati 1 were superior over other progenies in their resistance to brown plant hopper. Among different IPM modules evaluated at farmers field for the management of yellow stem borer, module IV devoid of any control measure due to low pest pressure gave high benefit cost ratio as compared to other modules during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Only Telenomus sp. was found to parasitize the yellow stem borer eggs at all the three locations viz. Pantnagar, Kashipur and Pratppur during both kharif 2005 and 2006. Maximum activities of Telenomus sp. was recorded in second week of September, while minimum was in third week of September.
Open Access
Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Rajiv Kumar; Singh, Dheer
A field experiment entitled “Nutrient management studies on productivity and profitability in spring planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)” was conducted at Norman E. Borlog Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, India during 2011-12 and 2012-13. Treated setts of sugarcane verity Co Pant 90223 were planted at 75 cm apart row to row on 10th March during 2011-12 and on 02nd March during 2012-13 by furrow method. An experiment was conducted in Randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experiment was silty clay loam, rich in organic carbon (1.11%), soil available N (224.1 kg/ha), P2O5 (42.8 kg/ha), K2O (258.6 kg/ha) and S (47 kg/ha). The level of other nutrient were in soil Zn (2.0 mg/kg), Fe (36.2 mg/kg) and Mn (35.8 mg/kg), the soil was neutral in pH (7.3). Total 12 treatments i.e. T1 – control, T2 – N, T3 – NP, T4 – NPK, T5 – NPK+S, T6 – NPK+Zn, T7 – NPK+Fe, T8 – NPK+Mn, T9 – NPK+S+Zn,T10 NPK+S+Zn+Fe, T11- NPK+S+Zn+Fe+Mn and T12 – FYM (20 t/ha). Doses of different nutrients were applied as N-120, P-60, K-40, S-40, Zn-25, Mn -50 kg/ha; Fe was applied 1% spray thrice at weekly interval at vegetative stage. Half of the N along with all other nutrients were applied as basal at the time of planting in furrows and remaining half of the N was applied in two splits up to 90 DAP (before onset of the monsoon) last week of June. Highest cane yield 108.7 t/ha during 2011-12 and 109.4 t/ha during 2012-13 was recorded from T9 – NPK+S+Zn treatment which was significantly higher over the rest of the treatments except. T6, T7, T10 and T11 during 2011-12 and during 2012-13 in T10 and T11. The highest yield in this treatment was due to higher NMC, higher cane girth, and higher cane length. The higher NMC was due to higher shoot population. Higher shoot population was the result of higher initial emergence with less mortality at harvest in the shoot. CCS yield was also highest in this treatment. There was an increase in cane with the application of different macro and micro nutrients. B: C ratio was highest (1.72) in the treatment T7. The increase in cane yield in T-9 over control was 61% during 2011-12 and 61.24% during 2012-13.
Open Access
Studies on seed longevity with packaging materials, genetic variability and molecular diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Bhakuni, Vandana; Shukla, P.S.
The present study was taken up to study seed longevity of soybean seeds stored in different packaging materials, effect of priming on seed quality parameters, analysis of genetic variability and molecular marker diversity analysis using sixteen different SSR primers for effective selection and improvement of crop plant. For field experiment 12 varieties were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications during Kharif 2013 and 2014 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre. All the lab experiments were conducted in the seed testing laboratory at Breeder Seed Production Centre and department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The analysis of variance for different field characters indicated highly significant differences among varieties for all the ten characters studied in both the years. This indicated that the experimental material contained sufficient amount of variability. In both the years estimated values of phenotypic coefficient of variation were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied. Plant height exhibited highest phenotypic coefficient of variation followed by yield per plant in both the years. Most of the traits included in this investigation were considered highly heritable as they have shown to be associated with moderate to high estimate of broad sense heritability. In 2013 as well as 2014 highest heritability in broad sense was obtained for plant height i.e., 97 and 98% respectively. The expected genetic advance in 2013 varied between 0.26% for number of seeds per pod to 35.61% for plant height. Similarly, in 2014 expected genetic advance varied from 0.09% (number of seeds per pod) to 37.44% (plant height). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height and number of pods per plant in both the years. Analysis of variance revealed that storage periods, packaging materials and the variety to be stored had a significant effect on all the thirteen seed quality parameters studied in both the years. During both the years it was observed that there was a decrease in germination per cent and vigour with time. Highest values for germination and vigour were observed at P1 (after 45 days of storage) while it decreased at P3 (after 135 days of storage). The present study revealed that after 135 days of storage varieties like PS 1024, PK 327, Bhatt and Bragg had germination per cent below 70% while all the remaining varieties, Ankur, PS 1225, PK 472, PS 1092, Kalitur, JS 335, PS 1347 and PK 1029 maintained their germination upto 70%. With respect to containers, it is apparent from the results that tin container maintained seed quality the most; followed by jute bag, paper bag and cotton bag. Seeds stored in earthen pot lost their vigour and quality the most. All the varieties exhibited decrease in oil per cent with time while the effect of packaging material was not significant on oil per cent. Mean value for oil content reduced from 15.72 (after 60 days of storage) to 12.99% (after 120 days of storage). It was observed that packaging material, priming agents and varieties to be treated had a significant effect on seed quality parameters. Highest germination was recorded in seeds primed with CaCl2.2H2O (62.51), followed by GA3 (61.83) and nSiO2 (57.18%) while unprimed seeds had the lowest germination per cent (44.12%). Highest germination per cent was recorded for seeds stored in jute bag when primed with GA3 (70.75) which was at par with the seeds stored in tin container primed with CaCl2.2H2O (69.44%). The assessing of SSR diversity of twenty soybean genotypes revealed that the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient estimates between pair of different varieties varied from 0.59 [between Kalitur and JS 335, Ankur and Bhatt] to 0.92 [between PK 472 and Ankur]. The average number of alleles per primer was 4.125, while percentage of all bands that showed polymorphism was 100%. The UPGMA ordered the population of twelve varieties into two main groups namely Group A and Group B and five clusters. Based on dendrogram PS 1347 and Ankur were found to be most distant.
Open Access
Effect of zinc sulfide nanoparticles on the growth and seed yield of Brassica juncea (L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Rajeev Nayan; Arora, Sandeep
Open Access
Diversity of the family caryophyllaceae Juss. in Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Satish Chandra; Rawat, D.S.
Open Access
Studies on graphite based magnetic nano-composites
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2016-12) Versha Rani; Srivastava, R.C.
Synthesis of composite systems with superparamagnetic and graphitic nanostructures is highly demanding due to their extensive applications in various fields. In the present work graphite (G) and graphene-oxide (GO) were used as fillers and magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs were used as matrix to form the graphite based magnetic nano-composites. All the samples were synthesized via the chemical coprecipitation method. Samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA/DTG, UV-Vis and VSM. The DC electrical conductivities, as a function of temperature were measured by using four probe method for various voltage compliances (1 V, 10 V and 100 V). Dielectric measurements were performed for the frequency range 500Hz-1MHz. The co-existence of both phases of G/GO and ferrite NPs were confirmed by XRD diffraction and FTIR. The addition of G and GO induced a surprising reduction in the crystallite size of ferrite NPs ranging 17.50 to 12 nm with retained cubic structure. The surface morphology of the samples were investigated by SEM. Fe3O4 NPs were found spherical in shape with a narrow particle size distribution. The grains could not be appeared clearly for the composites. TGA/DTG analysis indicated that all the samples showed the one step thermal decomposition behavior except G and GO. The thermal stability of the composite samples was found to increase with the addition of ferrite NPs into it. All the samples exhibited superparamagnetism at the room temperature. By the addition of G/GO into the ferrite NPs, the saturation magnetization was found to be reduced. The dielectric constant (ε’), loss tangent (tanδ) and loss factor (ε’’) rapidly decreased for the lower frequency range and reached a constant value for the high frequency range. The dielectric constant for composites get enhanced with the ferrite NPs. DC electrical conductivities for all the samples were found to increase with the increasing temperature. Composite samples showed the semiconducting nature. By adding G/GO, optical band gap of the samples were found to decrease. These results remark that graphitic nanocomposites have great potential for magnetic, capacitive and microwave absorption applications.
Open Access
Functional genomics for proving the existence of calcium binding proteins in finger millet and their facilitating role in calcium uptake under intestinal mimicking environment
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Metwal, Mamta; Anil Kumar
The science of nutritional biology has progressed in recent years to develop food-based nutraceuticals as a form of highly personalized medicine or therapeutic agent. Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a crop with potential but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other cereals. Finger millet is a reasonably good source of calcium with up to 450 mg/100 g in the seeds, which is 5–10 times higher than other cereals. Therefore, products derived from finger millet can be utilized in bone mass development in growing children, other bone ailments in adults and for preventing osteoporosis. The nutritional significance of finger millet must be properly translated to nutraceutical development based on scientific rationales and applied to other staple crops for their possible enrichment. The present study was centered on to prove the existence of calcium binding proteins in the finger millet and their facilitating role in calcium uptake using various biochemical and molecular approaches (Transcriptomics & Proteomics), besides biomarker(s) based validation under in vitro intestinal mimicking environment. Peptide mass finger printing of Stains-All stained protein separated by native and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis identified the presence of calreticulin and calcineurin B like proteins in finger millet grains. These genes showed >90% similarity with rice genes. To further validate the presence of such proteins, transcriptome data of developing spikes was used to identify 4 calreticulin and 5 calcineurin B like protein genes selected based on high FPKM values. These were also abundantly expressed in high calcium (GPHCPB-45) compared to low calcium (GPHCPB-1) genotype as also evident from real time PCR analysis. Higher expression of such calcium binding proteins in developing spikes envisaged their role in high accumulation of calcium in plants. In order to establish the facilitating role of finger millet ingredients in calcium uptake, two preparations viz. citrate buffered extract (CBE) and in vitro gastro-intestinal digest (IGID) of finger millet flour of high grain calcium genotype were used for challenging CaCo-2 human intestinal cells. Cytotoxic analysis revealed that higher doses above 100µg/µl for CBE and 5µg/µl of IGID were toxic. The IC0, IC10 and IC75 values were 25, 75, 250µg/µl for CBE, 0.5, 1, 5µg/µl for IGID and 25, 50 and 100mM for the CaCl2 respectively. The cytotoxicity was also evaluated the presence of combination of CBE with CaCl2: 75+25, 75+50, 75µg/µl +75mM and in combination IGID with CaCl2: 25+25, 5+50, 5 µg/µl +75mM. There were remarkable changes in the morphological features of CaCo-2 cells challenged with treatments. The formation of early dome shaped structures, increase in villi formation with differential polarity indicated that finger millet ingredients induced the differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells for better uptake of nutrients. The IGID showed maximum morphological differentiation even at low concentrations of 1µg/µl. The facilitation of calcium uptake was further demonstrated using fluorescence imaging techniques: UV-fluorescent microscope and fluorescence plate reader using Fura-2 AM dye. The IGID was more effective than CBE. The expression analysis of selected biomarkers (CALB, S100, ATPASE, SLC8A, TRPV) of saturable and non-saturable calcium uptake pathways using real time PCR showed differential transcript abundance and more prominent effect was observed in IGID treatment either alone or in combination with CaCl2. The results obtained under in vitro intestinal mimicking environment indicate the presence of calcium uptake facilitators in finger millet flour digested with intestinal enzymes. The most plausible explanations of such facilitating role are either the release of bioactive peptides or free accesses of calcium in IGID which facilitated the calcium uptake in human Caco-2 cells. Such molecular insight derived from nutritional biology research led to development of potential nutraceuticals which can be employed for minimizing the calcium deficiency disorders.
Open Access
Eco-friendly management of major insect pests of stored wheat at Pantnagar
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2016-12) Yadav, Usha; Tiwari, Ruchira
The studies on the efficacy of some eco-friendly indigenous products for the management of major storage insect pests viz. rice weevil, S. oryzae, lesser grain borer, R. dominica and rice moth, C. cephalonica in stored wheat were conducted in the Department of Entomology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2015 and 2016. The survey of different areas of Pantnagar was also carried out to find out the insect infestation and their management practices adopted by the people in stored wheat. It was clearly observed that the people mostly used a chemical named celphos tablets (Aluminium phosphide) in their storage structures to protect wheat from insect attack but due to hazardous side effects and residue problems of using synthetic chemicals, some of the people have adopted traditional practices such as use of neem leaves, rice husk and garlic capsules in stored wheat. The laboratory experiments were laid out using some indigenous products such as chopped neem leaves, ajwain seed powder, garlic capsules, cow dung powder, ash powder, talcum powder, sand, saw dust, common salt and cow urine @ 2 g/100 g wheat grains along with chemical, Rynaxypyr (Coragen) @ 10 mg/100 g wheat grains. The studies conducted on natural infestation of storage insect pests in treated wheat grains stored in various storage receptacles i.e. plastic containers, paper bags and muslin cloth bags for six months period from March to September 2016, showed that indigenous products were found very effective when treated wheat grains were stored in plastic containers followed by paper bags with significantly lower insect infestation, grain damage and weight loss in stored wheat in comparison to muslin cloth bags. Among the tested indigenous products, chopped neem leaves, ajwain seed powder, cow dung cake powder ash powder, sand and talcum powder were found very effective against S. oryzae and R. dominica and recorded significantly minimum adult emergence, grain damage and weight loss of treated wheat as compared to untreated wheat grains. It was also observed that seed germination of treated wheat grains was not adversely affected in any treatment during six months of storage period. Similarly, all tested indigenous products clearly showed their potential against neonate, 3rdand 5th instar larvae of C. cephalonica as most of the neonate larvae died in treated wheat grains whereas cent per- cent mortality of 3rd instar larvae was observed in ash powder and sand treated wheat seeds with very less growth index (GI) values calculated among the other treatments ranged from (0.12-0.40) and (0.14-0.77), respectively. in comparison to GI on untreated wheat grains (1.55) and (2.46) respectively. Similarly, the chopped neem leaves, ajwain seed powder, cow dung cake powder, ash powder, talcum powder and sand were also found very effective against 5th instar larvae as the larval survival, larval weight, pupal weight, pupal survival and adult weight were recorded very low due to formation of deformed pupae and adults. The experiments conducted on the effect of smoke generated by burning of cow dung cake and neem leaves on mortality of adults of S. oryzae, R. dominica, Tribolium castaneum, 3rd and 5th instar larvae and adult moths of C. cephalonica at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. of exposure to smoke under airtight conditions resulted in more than 50 per cent insect mortality after 72h. of exposure to neem leaves smoke and after 96 h of exposure to cow dung smoke. The mortality of smoke treated insects was increased after smoke exposure of 120 h. The experiments conducted on the effect of smoke on germination of wheat seeds clearly showed that the smoke generated by cow dung and neem leaves had no adverse effect on wheat seeds kept in airtight plastic containers and polybags for 1, 3 and 6 months period. The per cent germination, root length, shoot length and vigour index values were also found more in smoke treated wheat seeds in comparison to untreated wheat seeds which revealed the positive effect of smoke on germination and post germination response of wheat seeds. Therefore, the present laboratory studies clearly showed the efficacy of some indigenous products and smoke generated by cow dung and neem leaves against major insect pests of stored wheat with no adverse effect on germination of wheat seeds. Hence, it may be concluded that these eco-friendly, easily available and cost effective products can easily be incorporated for the easy management of insect pests in stored wheat
Open Access
Impact assessment of climate change on wheat and possible mitigation strategies using APSIM crop model in foot hills of Western Himalayas
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2016-12) Gupta, Smita; Singh, R.K.
The present study was conducted at the Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to analyze effect of climate change on wheat productivity using APSIM crop model in foot hills of Western Himalayas during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid in randomized block design (RBD) using three dates of sowing i.e. 1st December, 20th December and 06th January and three replications using the variety UP2565. UP2565 was a new variety cultivated in the given soil and experimental material. The soil of the experimental material was of sandy clay loam. The observed parameters were compared and calibrated against the simulated parameters by using APSIM crop model. UP2565 was found to yield more when the crop was sown on 1st December than the crop which was sown on 20th December and 6th January. The performance of the APSIM crop model was well with the crop sown on 20th December, 30th December and 9th January during the period of study for almost all crop characters. Predicted values through APSIM crop model were very close to the observed values in the experimental year. All the crop characters in terms of Leaf Area Index, total dry matter, grain yield decreased as the temperatures were increased by 1, 2 and 3°C and vice versa across sowing dates. The model was found to be more sensitive to the effect of temperature either decreasing or increasing it than mean temperature .Leaf Area Index, total dry matter and grain yield were found to decrease at all projected levels of temperatures (1.3°C in 2020 and 3.9 °C in 2050, 5.2°C in 2080). Leaf area index, total dry matter, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index increased with all levels of projected CO2 concentration (i.e. 414, 522 an 682 ppm in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s respectively) among the dates of sowing. With optimized package of practices in climate change scenario during the year 2050, days to anthesis and physiological maturity shifted almost one week and dry matter and grain yield increased by 403 kg/ha and 1088kg/ha, respectively, over present package of practices. Enhancement of sowing date by almost one week i.e. 26th November resulted in higher yield under modified or changed climatic scenario.

Theses

Browse

Thesis Type

Type

Author

Date

Subject

Rating Count

Search Results