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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on conventional and improved tillage practices for sowing wheat in paddy harvested field(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-09) Rathod, Sunil Laxman; Pateriya, R.N.ThesisItem Open Access Land use suitability and impact assessment of soil conservation and water resources development measures in Garhkundar-Dabar Watershed(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-07) Raundal, Yogesh Ashok; Sharma, H.C.Land evaluation is important for the successful crop production. The impacts of soil and water resource development measures have been reviewed. Water stored in the checkdam and the sediment load per annum is needed for management of the reservoir water allocation and thus, required to be assessed. Soil conservation measures decreases the sediment load on check dam, substantially. Keeping these facts in view, present study was conducted to study the land use suitability on the basis of the proximity of land to various resources, viz. water availability, distance from sustainable water resource, village and road proximity and the present land use. The constructed surface water resources, i.e. check dams, were measured for their storage capacity and sediment deposited in their bed for two years. The effectiveness of soil conservation measures in sediment transport reduction was studied. Effect of the construction of the water resources development measures i.e. check dam on ground water level build up in the wells located in nearby fields from the check dams. The watershed selected for the study was Garhkundar-Dabar watershed, Madhya Pradesh. Land suitability analysis showed that the, 5.5 ha area was having highest suitability rank, whereas, 327.78 ha was having least suitability which was about 38.23 percent of the watershed area. The total water storage capacity of nine check dams was found whopping amount of 24102.28 m3, which was substantially higher in the area. This water can be successfully used for irrigation purpose. The sediment load of check dams was estimated and it was found that, three check dams out of nine were found critical for their high sediment load. Most critical checkdam was in the control watershed, where no soil conservation measures were adopted. Two check dams in the Garhkundar-Dabar watershed were found critical for loss of capacity due to silting. The sediment load in checkdam, constructed in the control watershed was about 1.9 times higher, equal to 190.25 m3, than the highest sediment load in soil conservation measures adopted watersheds. The water level in the wells, located in nearby areas of checkdam increased by an average of 2.94 m and maximum up to 6.57 m, over a period of one year, at the end of successful rabi crop in the area. Number of dried up wells was reduced to 13, which was 29 last year, out of 50 wells under consideration.ThesisItem Open Access Modeling and optimization of process parameters for hot air drying of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) slices(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-08) Dinkar, Vairat Amita; Pandey, R.K.The Banana (Musa paradisiacal L.) is a crop of tropical climate and is grown for its fruit, fiber or foliage. Green banana is perishable and deteriorates after harvesting. Drying prolongs the shelf life of banana. The hot air drying characteristics of green banana slices were studied at drying temperature (40-800C), air velocity (1.5-5.5 m/s) and slice thickness (2-6 mm) in the laboratory scale hot air dryer. Drying was found to occur in the falling rate period only. Higher drying rate were observed with the higher temperature level and minimum level of slice thickness. Drying rate increases with increase in air velocity upto 3.5 m/s after that there was no profound effect on drying rate. The drying behavior of the banana slices was mathematically analyzed using models namely page’s, exponential and logarithmic model. The experimental validity of models were done on the basis of maximum R2 and minimum SEE, and RMSE. The page’s model described the drying behaviour of banana slices better as compared to exponential and logarithmic model. The results reveled that, the temperature, air velocity, slice thickness had significant effect on various quality parameters of dried banana slices viz. rehydration ratio, hardness, shrinkage, ascorbic acid and color whereas carbohydrate and ash content had non-significant effect. The optimum level of independent variables for banana drying obtained by using numerical optimization of multiple responses viz. drying time, rehydration ratio, shrinkage, hardness, ascorbic acid and L and b value were temperature-600C, air velocity- 3.5 m/s and slice thickness- 2mm. These optimum values are recommended for hot air drying of banana.ThesisItem Open Access Drying characteristics and process optimization of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) using response surface methodology(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-07) Asaram, Padvi Chandrarekha; Pandey, J.P.