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Author: Pant, Shikha × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in a part of Tons river basin
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Pant, Shikha; Shiv Kumar
    The present study was conducted in a part of Tons river basin located in Dehradun district of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. The sampling of groundwater of shallow aquifer was done at 16 locations in May 2012 and May 2019 by Central groundwater board, Dehradun and the collected groundwater samples were analyzed for 15 physico-chemical parameters. Piper plot was drawn to know the hydrochemical facies of the groundwater. Spatial distribution of 15 parameters was done with help of Kriging in ARC GIS. Factor analysis was applied to determine the dominating physico-chemical parameters contributing to the pollution of groundwater at a particular sampling site. Drinking water quality was assessed using BIS standards and drinking water quality index. The groundwater of the study area was also assessed for irrigation using irrigation water quality index, seven irrigation water quality parameters and the criteria given by Richard (1954), Wilcox (1955), Westcot and Ayers (1984). On the basis of this study, the piper plot diagram was found to be an easy and effective way to determine hydrochemical facies in groundwater. For both the years, most dominant hydrochemical facies was Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 -. On the basis of spatial distribution, the groundwater was found to be polluted at Gularghati, Purkulgaon, Majra, Bhatta and Baronwala. On the basis of factor analysis, it was concluded that the sampling sites Baronwala and Ramgarh were most polluted sampling sites. The groundwater at all the sampling sites in the study area was found suitable for drinking. According to the irrigation water quality index, the groundwater of the shallow aquifer in the study area should be used with low to moderate restrictions, with the exception of groundwater at Selaqui and Redapur for the year 2012 and Selaqui and Chorba for the year 2019 which should be used with a high restriction. On the basis of criteria given by Richard (1954), the groundwater at all the sampling sites was low to medium saline while alkalinity was found to be low at all sampling sites for both the years. On the basis of criteria given by Wilcox (1955), the groundwater was found to be under excellent, good or permissible class for irrigation, on the basis of percent sodium and EC for both the years. On the basis of criteria given by Westcot and Ayers (1984), the groundwater of the study area was found to have no effect or slight to moderate effect on the availability of water to the crops for both the years, while there was no effect on the sensitivity of the crops for both the years whereas severe effect on permeability of soil was found at six sampling sites, if the groundwater of the study area is used for irrigation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Parametric investigation and optimization of submerged Arc welding process for IS-2062 and MS-10748 Weld
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-07) Pant, Shikha; Tewari, Maneesh
    Submerged Arc Welding is a method of fusion welding in which heat is produced by an arc between the work piece and a continuously fed filler metal electrode. A dense blanket of molten flux and slag formed from the granular fluxing material pre-placed on the work protects the molten weld pool from the surrounding atmosphere. Due to heat generation there are thermal and residual effects which reduce the quality of weld joint. Also in the welding of dissimilar metals, the difference between the melting point of both metals impact the joint quality. As per researches, much work has been cited on the optimization of process parameters using Aluminium and Ferritic metals but no work was found on the parametric optimization of Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) process with different mild steel metals. Therefore, in this study process parameters optimization of SAW process using IS2062 and MS10748 metals of mild steel is done. Welding current, welding speed and wire feed rate are taken as input parameters while tensile strength and hardness were selected as responses. Experiments were performed according to Box Behnken Design and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to determine the effects of each factor on weld quality. The welding current was found to affect the quality of weld joint the most. Microstructure analysis was done with the Optical Microscope with Interfaced Computer and it was found that coarse structure is formed in fusion zone.