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2005 - 200912010 - 20152
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Author: Joshi, Meenakshi × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study of thermoelastic properties of olivine and forsterite minerals at high temperatures
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2005) Joshi, Meenakshi; Gupta, B.R.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on heterosis, transgressive segregation, selection index and determination of parental molecular diversity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-02) Joshi, Meenakshi; Singh, Kamendra
    The present investigation was taken up to make single crosses with the objectives to study heterosis, transgressive segregation, construction of selection index, character association and their direct and indirect effects on yield and molecular marker diversity analysis using twenty different SSR primers for effective selection and improvement of crop plant. For field experiment 43 genotypes of soybean comprising of 23 crosses, 19 parents and 1 check were evaluated in F1 and F2 generation using completely randomized block design with two replications during kharif, 2013 and 2014 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The Analysis of variance was found highly significant for all the characters undertaken. The nature and magnitude of heterosis revealed that high heterosis for seed yield was mostly accompanied by heterosis for major yield contributing traits. The range of heterosis for yield per plant varied from -42.63 (PS 1421 X NRC 90) to 89.61 per cent (PS 1092 X PP 6), -46.7 (PS 1421 X NRC 90) to 51.01 per cent (PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F) and 38.15 (PS 1347 X DS 9814) to 87.63 per cent (PS 1092 X PP 6) over mid, better and standard parents, respectively. Four crosses viz., PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F, PS 1042 X PP6, PS 1092 X PP 6 and PS 1421 X JS 93-05 showed significant and positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parents in F1. In F2, the range of residual heterosis for yield per plant varied from -44.75 (JS 335 X UPSM 534) to 85.13 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee), -54.95 (JS 335 X UPSM 534) to 80.0 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee) and 38.4 (MACS 330 X VLS 59) to 77.9 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee) over mid, better and standard parents, respectively. Four crosses viz.,PS 1042 X Hardee, PS 1042 X JS 335, PS 1092 X PP 6 and PS 1347 X TGX 1681- 3F showed significant and positive residual heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard parent for yield per plant in F2. Cross PS 1092 X PP 6 showed significant and positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parents in both the generations for yield per plant. All the crosses showed positive transgressive segregants for yield per plant. Maximum frequency of positive transgressive segregants for yield per plant was recorded in cross PS 1042 X DS 9814 (96.7%) followed by PS 1347 X DS 9814 (90%), JS 335 X UPSM 534 (90%), PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F (80%), PS 1347 X PS 1241 (76.7%), PS 1421 X JS 335 (76.7%), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (70%), PS 1042 X Hardee (70%), PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (66.7%), PS 1092 X PP 6 (60%), PS 1042 X PP 6 (60%), PS 1347 X PS 1225 (60%). Occurrence of transgressive segregants in segregating generation is helpful for the development of homozygous lines by continued selfing in crops like soybean. Use of index selection seemed to be an effective method and provides the means for making use of correlated characters for higher efficiency in selection for yield per plant. Highest expected genetic advance (EGA) and relative efficiency of selection (RES) was observed for the four character combination of yield per plant with plant height, number of pods per plant and dry matter weight per plant. Highest index score was recorded in cross DT 21 X PS 1042 (121.98) followed by PS 1042 X Hardee (118.39), PS 1042 X JS 335 (115.20), PS 1421 X JS 335 (102.92), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (102.42) and PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (101.21). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of pods and dry matter weight per plant in F1 and F2 both generations. Present study revealed that in F1 and F2, dry matter weight per plant, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, days to maturity and 100- seed weight exhibited significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. Harvest index was the most positive direct contributor towards yield per plant followed by dry matter weight per plant and number of pods per plant. These characters also exhibited significant and positive correlation with yield per plant Highest index score was recorded in cross DT 21 X PS 1042 (121.98) followed by PS 1042 X Hardee (118.39), PS 1042 X JS 335 (115.20), PS 1421 X JS 335 (102.92), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (102.42) and PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (101.21)estimates between pair of different genotypes varied from 0.42 [between TGX 168 -3F and VLS 59, EC 389148 and DOKO, EC 389148 and PP 6] to 0.84 [between PS 1347 and JS 9305, JS 335and PS 1225, PS 1042 and Hardee, DT 21 and JS 335, PS 1092 and JS 335, PS 1092 and UPSM 534].The average number of alleles per primer was 1.9, while percentage of all bands showed that polymorphism was 100%. Three rare alleles, one of 200 bp with primer Satt197 in DOKO and second of 100bp with EC 389148 with primer Satt577 and third of 250 bp with primer Satt586 in TGX16813F were also identified, which can be used for identification and characterization of the genotypes. The UPGMA unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of SSR marker data divided twenty soybean genotypes into two main groups namely group A and group B and seven clusters. On the basis of dendrogram, genotypes TGX 1681-3F and DS 9814 was found to be most distant.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on heterosis, transgressive segregation, selection index, and determination of parental molecular diversity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-02) Joshi, Meenakshi; Singh, Kamendra
    The present investigation was taken up to make single crosses with the objectives to study heterosis, transgressive segregation, construction of selection index, character association and their direct and indirect effects on yield and molecular marker diversity analysis using twenty different SSR primers for effective selection and improvement of crop plant. For field experiment 43 genotypes of soybean comprising of 23 crosses, 19 parents and 1 check were evaluated in F1 and F2 generation using completely randomized block design with two replications during kharif, 2013 and 2014 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The Analysis of variance was found highly significant for all the characters undertaken. The nature and magnitude of heterosis revealed that high heterosis for seed yield was mostly accompanied by heterosis for major yield contributing traits. The range of heterosis for yield per plant varied from -42.63 (PS 1421 X NRC 90) to 89.61 per cent (PS 1092 X PP 6), -46.7 (PS 1421 X NRC 90) to 51.01 per cent (PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F) and 38.15 (PS 1347 X DS 9814) to 87.63 per cent (PS 1092 X PP 6) over mid, better and standard parents, respectively. Four crosses viz., PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F, PS 1042 X PP6, PS 1092 X PP 6 and PS 1421 X JS 93-05 showed significant and positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parents in F1. In F2, the range of residual heterosis for yield per plant varied from -44.75 (JS 335 X UPSM 534) to 85.13 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee), -54.95 (JS 335 X UPSM 534) to 80.0 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee) and 38.4 (MACS 330 X VLS 59) to 77.9 per cent (PS 1042 X Hardee) over mid, better and standard parents, respectively. Four crosses viz.,PS 1042 X Hardee, PS 1042 X JS 335, PS 1092 X PP 6 and PS 1347 X TGX 1681- 3F showed significant and positive residual heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard parent for yield per plant in F2. Cross PS 1092 X PP 6 showed significant and positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parents in both the generations for yield per plant. All the crosses showed positive transgressive segregants for yield per plant. Maximum frequency of positive transgressive segregants for yield per plant was recorded in cross PS 1042 X DS 9814 (96.7%) followed by PS 1347 X DS 9814 (90%), JS 335 X UPSM 534 (90%), PS 1042 X TGX 1681-3F (80%), PS 1347 X PS 1241 (76.7%), PS 1421 X JS 335 (76.7%), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (70%), PS 1042 X Hardee (70%), PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (66.7%), PS 1092 X PP 6 (60%), PS 1042 X PP 6 (60%), PS 1347 X PS 1225 (60%). Occurrence of transgressive segregants in segregating generation is helpful for the development of homozygous lines by continued selfing in crops like soybean. Use of index selection seemed to be an effective method and provides the means for making use of correlated characters for higher efficiency in selection for yield per plant. Highest expected genetic advance (EGA) and relative efficiency of selection (RES) was observed for the four character combination of yield per plant with plant height, number of pods per plant and dry matter weight per plant. Highest index score was recorded in cross DT 21 X PS 1042 (121.98) followed by PS 1042 X Hardee (118.39), PS 1042 X JS 335 (115.20), PS 1421 X JS 335 (102.92), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (102.42) and PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (101.21). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of pods and dry matter weight per plant in F1 and F2 both generations. Present study revealed that in F1 and F2, dry matter weight per plant, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster, days to maturity and 100- seed weight exhibited significant and positive correlation with yield per plant. Harvest index was the most positive direct contributor towards yield per plant followed by dry matter weight per plant and number of pods per plant. These characters also exhibited significant and positive correlation with yield per plant Highest index score was recorded in cross DT 21 X PS 1042 (121.98) followed by PS 1042 X Hardee (118.39), PS 1042 X JS 335 (115.20), PS 1421 X JS 335 (102.92), PS 1421 X PS 1042 (102.42) and PS 1347 X TGX 1681-3F (101.21)estimates between pair of different genotypes varied from 0.42 [between TGX 168 -3F and VLS 59, EC 389148 and DOKO, EC 389148 and PP 6] to 0.84 [between PS 1347 and JS 9305, JS 335and PS 1225, PS 1042 and Hardee, DT 21 and JS 335, PS 1092 and JS 335, PS 1092 and UPSM 534].The average number of alleles per primer was 1.9, while percentage of all bands showed that polymorphism was 100%. Three rare alleles, one of 200 bp with primer Satt197 in DOKO and second of 100bp with EC 389148 with primer Satt577 and third of 250 bp with primer Satt586 in TGX16813F were also identified, which can be used for identification and characterization of the genotypes. The UPGMA unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram constructed using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient of SSR marker data divided twenty soybean genotypes into two main groups namely group A and group B and seven clusters. On the basis of dendrogram, genotypes TGX 1681-3F and DS 9814 was found to be most distant.