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2020 - 20222
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Author: Bhatt, Pallavi × Start date: 2020 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Climate resilience response of soybean and wheat varieties with genetic fidelity testing under agroforestry system
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-04) Bhatt, Pallavi; Tewari, Salil K.
    The present investigation was carried out with the objective to evaluate the varieties of soybean and wheat with respect to descriptors for genetic and biochemical parameter studies under Agroforestry system along with molecular marker analysis using RAPD and ISSR primers. For the field experiment, eight varieties each of soybean and wheat, known to produce high yields under the climatic conditions of Pantnagar were evaluated for three treatments viz. shading intensity, varieties and plant population densities under the poplar based Agroforestry system. The experiment was laid out in split split plot design during two successive seasons (2017 & 2018) at Agroforestry Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. Pooled analysis of variance of soybean for both years (2017 and 2018) revealed highly significant interactions between all three treatments for no. of pods per plant, leaf area, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. Pooled analysis of variance of wheat for both years (2017 and 2018) revealed highly significant interactions for all traits except the number of productive tillers, flag leaf area and biological yield. The significant interactions suggest that the magnitude of differences between the levels of one treatment depends on the other two treatments. The mean performance of soybean varieties revealed PS 1241 to outperform the rest of the varieties in both full sun and partially shaded conditions. The mean performance of wheat varieties revealed UP 2628 to be the best yielder among all the wheat varieties while, PBW 660, UP 2785 along with UP 2628 were the best performers in partially shaded conditions. The predominance of additive gene action for trait selection under the Agroforestry system was revealed by leaf area in soybean while, grain weight per spike, grain yield and harvest index registered high estimates of genetic parameters in wheat. Estimates of correlations and path coefficients for direct and indirect effects of various traits on seed yield in soybean revealed that harvest index, 100 seed weight, plant height and biological yield were important traits for direct selection while, the number of seeds per pod, number of nodes per plant and number of pods per plant were important traits for indirect selection. In wheat, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike and harvest index were important traits for direct selection while, grain weight per spike, biological yield and number of productive tillers per plant play an important role in indirect selection. Analysis of variance for biochemical parameters reflected significant main plot differences for chlorophyll b and total glomalin content in soybean whereas, main plot differences were observed to be significant for only total glomalin content in wheat. Highly significant varietal differences were observed for all the biochemical parameters in soybean whereas varietal differences were found to be significant for only total glomalin content in wheat. The interactions were found to be significant in only soybean for chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and total glomalin content. The significant interactions suggested that the magnitude of differences between the varieties depended on the main plots, and vice-versa. For biochemical traits, the treatment interactions of PS 24 in partially shaded environments registered higher observation for chlorophyll a, PS 1241 for total chlorophyll and PS 1042 for total glomalin content. In wheat, UP 2526 and UP 2785 registered significantly higher glomalin content. The molecular marker analysis to evaluate the genetic fidelity/stability of soybean plants under allelopathic stress of poplar tree litter revealed the average percentage of polymorphism as 83.38% with the PIC values of ISSR primers ranging from 0.10 (UBC-812) to 0.46 (UBC-828) and that of RAPD primers ranging from 0.13 (OPA-18) to 0.34 (OPA-16).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Soil test crop response studies for efficient nutrient management on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) grown in a mollisol of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-09) Bhatt, Pallavi; Singh, Sobaran
    Field experiments were conducted during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 in a Aquic Hapludoll at D7 block of Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 79029’ E longitude), as per the technical programme of the All India Coordinated Research Project on Soil Test Crop Response Correlation. The experiments were conducted in three phases. In the first phase soil fertility gradient was created by dividing experimental field into three strips and applying graded doses of fertilizers (Strip I (no fertilizer), Strip II (100,100 and 100 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha) and Strip III (200, 200 and 200 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1) and growing of exhaust crop fodder Oats (Pant 612). In the second phase i.e. next season test crop Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) was grown in spring and kharif season by dividing each strip in 24 plots having 21 treatments and 3 controlled plots. Response of brinjal var Pant samrat was studied to selected combinations of three levels of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t/ha), four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of potassium (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg K2O ha-1) at different fertility levels. In third phase, a verification trial was conducted during 2019 to validate the fertilizer adjustment equations generated by ten treatments and three replications, with combinations of inorganic, organic and growth regulator. The values of the organic carbon, Alkaline KMnO4 extractable N, Olsen’s P and neutral normal Ammonium Acetate extractable K in the experimental field ranged between 0.34 to 1.57 per cent, 100.35 to 200.70 kg ha-1 and 15.06 to 19.85 kg ha-1, 110.88 to 208.32 kg ha-1, respectively. The fruit yield of brinjal ranged from 70.83 to 300.82 q ha-1for spring brinjal and 110.25 to 302.01 q ha-1, for kharif brinjal. The total uptake of N, P and K ranged from 17.57 to 127.26, 2.02 to 37.77 and 9.55 to 63.00 kg ha-1, respectively by spring brinjal. However, for kharif brinjal the total uptake of N, P and K ranged from 15.06 to 159.76, 6.66 to 55.91 and 16.25 to 89.69 kg ha-1, respectively. Suitability of soil test methods was also evaluated by R2 value of multiple regression equation and concluded that Alkaline KMnO4-N, Olsen’s-P and NH4OAc-K methods are suitable for the determination of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively in Tarai region of Uttarakhand for brinjal crop. However, other methods were also found at par and may be recommended for use in soil testing laboratories. Basic data were generated with the help of soil test values, fertilizer doses, yield and nutrient values separately for both the seasons and then taking average for pooled basic data. The nutrient requirement for production of one quintal of brinjal was found to be 0.50 kg Nitrogen, 0.14 kg Phosphorus and 0.25 kg Potassium. Percent contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 31.63, 29.61 and 13.82, respectively from soil, whereas it was 59.58, 94.60 and 81.10 percent respectively from FYM. Percent contribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium without FYM was 39.86, 35.52 and 44.98 and with conjoint use of chemical fertilizer with FYM 50.41, 47.43 and 65.12 percent, respectively. Fertilizer adjustment equations developed for conjoint use of fertilizers with the help of pooled basic data are: FN= 1.00T- 0.63 SN-0.59 ON, F P2O5= 0.68T- 1.43SP- 3.17OP, F K2O = 0.47T- 0.26SK- 0.75OK. Maximum response to spring brinjal was obtained at 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O ha-1. While for kharif brinjal, maximum response was obtained at 180 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 90 kg K2O ha-1. The fruit yield of spring brinjal was significantly correlated with total uptake of nitrogen (0.636**), total uptake of phosphorus (0.696**) and total uptake of potassium (0.720**). However, for kharif brinjal fruit yield of brinjal significantly correlated total uptake of nitrogen (0.598**), total uptake of phosphorus (0.674**) and total uptake of potassium (0.659**). For the post harvest soil test values prediction equations were developed for available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium. Verification trial was conducted to test the validity of fertilizer adjustment equations. Fertilizer application based on targeted yield approach was found to be significantly superior over general recommended dose (GRD). Findings from present investigation can be successfully utilized for Tarai region of Uttarakhand aseffective guide for efficient and balanced fertilizer recommendation for brinjal.