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Author: Ashish Kumar × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of rose varieties for yield and quality of cut flowers under open condition
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Ashish Kumar; Rao, V.K.
    The present investigation was carried out to evaluate rose varieties for yield and quality of cut flowers under open condition of tarai region at Model Floriculture Centre, G.B. Pant University Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand during October, 2017- April 2018 with fifteen varieties in randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded for different vegetative and floral characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the varieties in respect of parameters studied. Among the varieties minimum days taken to vegetative bud sprouting was recorded with the varieties Bordeaux (14.78 days), Avalanche (18.45 days) and First Red (18.78 days). Highest stem length of the shoots after one month of sprouting was observed with Pusa Shatabdi (8.96 cm) followed by Grand Gala (8.29 cm) and First Red (7.60 cm) which were at par with each other. Maximum plant height and plant spread was observed in Pusa Gaurav (68.44 and 51.77 cm), Nehru Centenary (67.44 and 46.83 cm) and Pusa Shatabdi (64.11 and 41.68 cm), respectively, while varieties Nehru Centenary (306.89), Confetti (226.44) and Naranga (213.20) recorded maximum number of leaves per plant. Highest leaf area was found in the Christian Dior (22.07 cm2), Bordeaux (16.33 cm2) and Naranga (14.37 cm2). The varieties Christian Dior (4.33) and Raktima (4.00) having the maximum number primary branches per plant whereas, number of secondary branches per plant was found maximum in varieties Nehru Centenary (10.66), Pusa Gaurav (9.89) and Raktima (9.11). Thorn density per 10 cm was recorded significantly less in number with the varieties Grand Gala (2.78) followed by Avalanche (6.22) and Tajmahal (7.00) which is desirable character for cut flower. Raktima showed minimum days taken for first flower bud appearance and appearance of flower bud to harvest i.e. 23.89 and 9.89, respectively whereas, number of cut flower per plant and per plot was found highest in the Nehru Centenary (46.78 and 221.67) followed by Pusa Shatabdi (38.77 and 174.67), Pusa Gaurav (35.00 and 155.00) and Confetti (31.67 and 138.67), respectively. Longer stem length of the cut flower was registered in varieties Avalanche (42.11 cm) followed by Pusa Shatabdi (37.78 cm), Raktima (29.77 cm) and Nehru Centenary (27.44 cm). Stem girth of cut flower was highest in the Nehru Centenary (3.42 cm), Pusa Shatabdi (3.26 cm), Raktima (3.08 cm) and First Red (2.93 cm) which were at par with each other. The varieties First Red (4.06 cm and 29.00), Raktagandha (3.65 cm and 29.22), Raktima (3.62 cm and 29.55), Nehru Centenary (3.6 cm and 29.77) and Confetti (3.41 cm and 31.66) having the maximum flower bud length and optimum number of petals per flower, respectively. Flower diameter was found maximum in the varieties Raktima (9.14 cm) followed by Naranga (8.00 cm) which were at par with each other. Longest vase life of cut flower was noticed in the varieties Confetti (11 days), followed by Raktima (9.67 days), First Red (9.00 days), Raktagandha (9.00 days), Grand Gala (8.67 days) and Naranga (8.00 days). On the basis of the findings of present investigation, this may be concluded that out of 15 varieties viz. Raktima, Confetti, First Red, Grand Gala, Pusa Shatabdi, Nehru Centenary and Raktagandha were found to be best varieties for commercial cultivation based on their superiority for the major parameters studied. These varieties are highly suitable for commercial cultivation under open condition of tarai region of Uttarakhand.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos using fungal isolates of industrial waste
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-06) Ashish Kumar; Sharma, Anita
    Chlorpyrifos degrading fungal isolates were recovered from the industrial waste of a refrigeration industry, Silvassa, Dadar Nagar Haveli. The fungal isolates were enriched to grow in Czepak-Dox medium in the presence of chlorpyrifos (10ppm). Two fungal isolates (C1 and C3) were selected for the study on the basis of their ability to degrade and utilize chlorpyrifos as a source of Carbon and phosphorus. Both the isolates were able to tolerate 600ppm of chlorpyrifos. Fungal isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. Isolate C1 was characterized as Byssochlamys spectabilis with 86% homology and C3 showed 89% homology with Aspergillus fumigates. Chlorpyrifos (20ppm) was degraded using the consortium C1+C3 and isolate C1, C3 in Czepak-Dox medium. After 30 days, the pattern of chlorpyrifos degradation was 98.02% > 96.7% and 93.45% by C1, C3 and their consortium respectively. Presence of laccase enzyme was reported in both the isolates and the level was 7.776 and 5.929 Um-1 in C1 and C3 respectively. Degradation of chlorpyrifos (50ppm) using immobilized enzyme of the fungal isolates in sodium alginate was 61.55% > 58.25% and 53.85% by mixture of C1+C3 and C1, C3 respectively after 5 days. Pot experiment conducted on onion using sterilized and unsterilized soil spiked with chlorpyrifos (50mg/ Kg) showed best performance in consortium treatment. Minimum residual amount of chlorpyrifos present in unsterile soil was 2.637μg per 500gm of soil. GC-MS analysis of intermediates of chlorpyrifos with fungal isolates did not show the presence of toxic metabolites after 30 days in Czepak-dox medium. Fungal isolates degraded chlorpyrifos into N,N-dimethyl-1- pentadecanamine, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Phthalic acid, butyl hept-3-yl ester, Hexadecadienoic acid, Methyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester.