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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparative study of irregular RC building with shear wall and steel bracing under seismic loading
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Ankit Kumar; Ankit Kumar; Vaneeta Devi; Vaneeta Devi
    The requirement of a multi-storey buildings is increasing day by day, but these buildings are highly affected by lateral loads. These lateral loads can be resisted by improving the lateral load resisting capacity of the building by the use of shear wall and steel bracing in the building at suitable locations. In the present study, the analysis of G+10 irregular RC building with shear wall and steel bracing at different locations in the building has been performed. The seismic forces are considered as per IS: 1893 (Part1) - 2016 and dead load, live load and other finishing loads are considered as per IS: 875 Part 1 and 2 in the analysis of various models considered in the present study. The building is considered in seismic zone V with damping ratio of 5%. Seismic analysis has been done using Response Spectrum method of dynamic analysis. 3D models of building with shear wall and steel bracing at different locations have been modelled and analyzed using “ETABS” software. The response parameters namely base shear, storey drift and torsion are critically analyzed to quantify the effects of shear wall and steel bracing at different locations in building. It has observed that base shear and torsion increases with the use of shear wall and steel bracing in irregular building as the stiffness of the building increases. The storey drift in the building decreases due to the increased stiffness. Since torsion is the most critical factor leading to major damage or complete collapse of buildings therefore, it is very essential that irregular buildings should be carefully analysed and designed for torsion. The performance of considered irregular building for stipulated sizes with shear wall is found better than steel bracing systems. Shear walls are definitely good mechanism for lateral loads itigation but the position of shear walls in the building should be made judiciously. In the present study, the Shear walls at exterior corners (Model 5) has found perform better than other modal cases being considered in the analysis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills for morphological descriptors and drought tolerance
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-01) Ankit Kumar; Chawla, H.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills for morphological descriptors and drought tolerance” was conducted on 92 finger millet accessions and consisted of two parts viz., i) morphological characterization of finger millet germplasm; and ii) screening of finger millet germplasm for drought tolerance in in-vitro and greenhouse conditions. Morphological evaluation was done as per augmented block design-II for 34 characters (16 qualitative and 18 quantitative). All the genotypes have exhibited wide range for studied quantitative traits and for grain yield per plot genotypes GP-2016-609, GP-2017-502, GP-2017-381, GP-2017-733 and GP-2016-188 were the top performing. Estimates of genetic parameters indicates high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance over mean for fodder yield per plot, biological yield per plot, harvest index, total tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, finger number per ear, finger length, spike length and spikelet density per cm, which indicates predominance of additive gene action in expression of these traits. Correlation and path analysis revealed that improvement of grain yield in finger millet is possible through simultaneous manipulation of spikelet density per cm, finger number per ear, productive tillers per plant and harvest index. Mahalanobis D2 analysis grouped all the studied genotypes into nine clusters, among which genotypes of clusters V, III and IV could be used as potent donors for superior desired traits. High contribution towards diversity was shown by harvest index, grain yield per plot and fodder yield per plot. In-vitro drought screening has revealed that minimum reduction under water stress condition over control for germination percent, root length, shoot length, seedling length, root to shoot ratio and vigour index were shown by genotypes GP-2017-687, GP-2016-189, GP-2016-131, GP-2017-276, GP-2017-689 and GP-2017-687 respectively. Greenhouse drought screening based on eleven morphological traits has revealed that low reduction in grain yield per plant under water stress condition over control was shown by genotypes GP-2017-479, GP-2016-124, GP-2016-138, GP-2016-144 and GP-2016-142. Greenhouse drought screening based on five physiological traits revealed that maximum increment under water stress condition over control for leaf thickness was shown by genotype GP-2016-142, while minimum reduction for RWC, CTD, membrane stability and photosynthesis efficiency was shown by genotypes GP-2017-479, GP-2016-124, GP-2017-479 and GP-2016-193 respectively. Greenhouse drought screening based on five biochemical traits revealed that maximum increment under water stress condition over control for proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were shown by genotypes GP-2017-502, GP-2016-193, GP-2016-124, GP-2016-193 and GP-2017-687 respectively. On the basis of combined overall drought ranking, genotypes viz., GP-2016-124, GP-2016-144, GP-2017-579, GP-2017-275 and GP-2017-479 were identified as most drought tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on fruit development and determination of maturity indices in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars under Tarai region
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Ankit Kumar; Singh, Omveer
    The present investigation “Studies on fruit development and determination of maturity indices in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars under Tarai region” was conducted on existing 40 years old ber orchard at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during the cropping season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Eight ber cultivars viz., Chhuhara, Chinese, Kalagola, Nazuk, Sanaur-2, Sanaur-4, Umran and ZG-2 were selected for the study. Three trees per cultivar were selected, each of which was considered as a replication. The experiment was laid out in two factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Sampling dates and cultivars were considered as the treatments. There were 11 sampling dates commences at 28 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 168 DAFB and observations were taken at biweekly interval for determining the changes in growth pattern and quality attributes in ber cultivars. During the last two months of maturity the fruit samples were picked at a narrow interval of 7 (weekly) days from 112 DAFB so as to fix up the appropriate maturity indices under tarai conditions in terms of their biochemical and functional attributes while sensory attributes were judged from 126 DAFB. Twenty fruits at every sampling date from each tree were plucked randomly from all directions of the tree collected in a polyethylene bags and carried to the postharvest laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and analyzed for physical, biochemical and functional characteristics on the day of harvesting. Significant differences in terms of physical, computational, bio-chemical, functional and sensory quality attributes were observed among the ber cultivars during the span of study. Finding of the study showed a characteristic double sigmoid growth pattern in terms of fruit size, weight, volume, flesh: stone ratio and TSS in most of the cultivars. On the basis of various physico-chemical, functional and sensory quality attributes, most of the cultivars attained their physiological/horticultural harvest maturity at 154 to 168 days after full bloom except Nazuk and ZG-2 which got their harvest maturity at 140 DAFB. DAFB, TSS, TSS: acid ratio, specific gravity, firmness and total carotenoid content were found to be the reliable maturity indices of maturity in ber cultivars. Therefore, the present study will be useful to have multiple indices to fulfill the needs of growers, distributors, consumers and also for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Srength development of soil using Waste Paper Sludge (WPS)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Ankit Kumar; Gupta, S.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Efficacy of edible coatings on postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Ankit Kumar; Singh, Omveer
    The present investigation “Efficacy of edible coatings on postharvest quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat” was conducted in the postharvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The main aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different edible coating treatments like Aloe vera gel, calcium chloride, chitosan and sodium alginate at varying concentrations on physico-chemical characteristics and shelf life of guava fruits. The experiment was conducted in two factorial completely randomized design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The two factors consisted of treatments and storage period. The trial was carried out at ambient temperature 27-29° C at 75% R.H in November, 2015. The changes in fruit length and breadth, fruit weight and volume, specific gravity, physiological loss in weight, decay, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugars, TSS : acid ratio, sugar : acid ratio, superoxide dismutase activity, total flavonoids content, phenolic content, antioxidants and sensory characters like fruit appearance, colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability were recorded under each treatment over a storage period of 12 days, after harvesting, starting from harvest day till 12th day during the winter season. Chitosan (1.5%) and Aloe vera 1:1 gel coating was most effective in reducing weight loss, decay and maintaining organoleptic qualities than other treatments. Higher total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total sugars, superoxide dismutase activity, phenolic content were recorded with chitosan coating 1.5% dip treatment. Hence, it was concluded that dip treatment of 1.5% chitosan can be used for enhancing the shelf life and reducing postharvest losses in guava fruits. However, Aloe vera 1:1 gel coating due to its low price and easy availability may be considered better than chitosan.