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2019 - 20202
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Author: Ankit Kumar × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills for morphological descriptors and drought tolerance
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-01) Ankit Kumar; Chawla, H.S.
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm collected from Uttarakhand hills for morphological descriptors and drought tolerance” was conducted on 92 finger millet accessions and consisted of two parts viz., i) morphological characterization of finger millet germplasm; and ii) screening of finger millet germplasm for drought tolerance in in-vitro and greenhouse conditions. Morphological evaluation was done as per augmented block design-II for 34 characters (16 qualitative and 18 quantitative). All the genotypes have exhibited wide range for studied quantitative traits and for grain yield per plot genotypes GP-2016-609, GP-2017-502, GP-2017-381, GP-2017-733 and GP-2016-188 were the top performing. Estimates of genetic parameters indicates high PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance over mean for fodder yield per plot, biological yield per plot, harvest index, total tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, finger number per ear, finger length, spike length and spikelet density per cm, which indicates predominance of additive gene action in expression of these traits. Correlation and path analysis revealed that improvement of grain yield in finger millet is possible through simultaneous manipulation of spikelet density per cm, finger number per ear, productive tillers per plant and harvest index. Mahalanobis D2 analysis grouped all the studied genotypes into nine clusters, among which genotypes of clusters V, III and IV could be used as potent donors for superior desired traits. High contribution towards diversity was shown by harvest index, grain yield per plot and fodder yield per plot. In-vitro drought screening has revealed that minimum reduction under water stress condition over control for germination percent, root length, shoot length, seedling length, root to shoot ratio and vigour index were shown by genotypes GP-2017-687, GP-2016-189, GP-2016-131, GP-2017-276, GP-2017-689 and GP-2017-687 respectively. Greenhouse drought screening based on eleven morphological traits has revealed that low reduction in grain yield per plant under water stress condition over control was shown by genotypes GP-2017-479, GP-2016-124, GP-2016-138, GP-2016-144 and GP-2016-142. Greenhouse drought screening based on five physiological traits revealed that maximum increment under water stress condition over control for leaf thickness was shown by genotype GP-2016-142, while minimum reduction for RWC, CTD, membrane stability and photosynthesis efficiency was shown by genotypes GP-2017-479, GP-2016-124, GP-2017-479 and GP-2016-193 respectively. Greenhouse drought screening based on five biochemical traits revealed that maximum increment under water stress condition over control for proline, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were shown by genotypes GP-2017-502, GP-2016-193, GP-2016-124, GP-2016-193 and GP-2017-687 respectively. On the basis of combined overall drought ranking, genotypes viz., GP-2016-124, GP-2016-144, GP-2017-579, GP-2017-275 and GP-2017-479 were identified as most drought tolerant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on fruit development and determination of maturity indices in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars under Tarai region
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Ankit Kumar; Singh, Omveer
    The present investigation “Studies on fruit development and determination of maturity indices in ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars under Tarai region” was conducted on existing 40 years old ber orchard at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during the cropping season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Eight ber cultivars viz., Chhuhara, Chinese, Kalagola, Nazuk, Sanaur-2, Sanaur-4, Umran and ZG-2 were selected for the study. Three trees per cultivar were selected, each of which was considered as a replication. The experiment was laid out in two factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Sampling dates and cultivars were considered as the treatments. There were 11 sampling dates commences at 28 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 168 DAFB and observations were taken at biweekly interval for determining the changes in growth pattern and quality attributes in ber cultivars. During the last two months of maturity the fruit samples were picked at a narrow interval of 7 (weekly) days from 112 DAFB so as to fix up the appropriate maturity indices under tarai conditions in terms of their biochemical and functional attributes while sensory attributes were judged from 126 DAFB. Twenty fruits at every sampling date from each tree were plucked randomly from all directions of the tree collected in a polyethylene bags and carried to the postharvest laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and analyzed for physical, biochemical and functional characteristics on the day of harvesting. Significant differences in terms of physical, computational, bio-chemical, functional and sensory quality attributes were observed among the ber cultivars during the span of study. Finding of the study showed a characteristic double sigmoid growth pattern in terms of fruit size, weight, volume, flesh: stone ratio and TSS in most of the cultivars. On the basis of various physico-chemical, functional and sensory quality attributes, most of the cultivars attained their physiological/horticultural harvest maturity at 154 to 168 days after full bloom except Nazuk and ZG-2 which got their harvest maturity at 140 DAFB. DAFB, TSS, TSS: acid ratio, specific gravity, firmness and total carotenoid content were found to be the reliable maturity indices of maturity in ber cultivars. Therefore, the present study will be useful to have multiple indices to fulfill the needs of growers, distributors, consumers and also for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industry.