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Author: Agarwal, Priyanka × Start date: 2004 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A sustainable methodology to ameliorate stabilization of fine-grained soils
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-01) Agarwal, Priyanka; Ajit Kumar
    In the past few decades there have been a tremendous increase in Civil Engineering activities like construction of buildings, roads, highway and airfields. But, there is inadequacy of appropriate land for such activities because, frequently the soil available at these sites may be clayey, loamy or black cotton soil which have posed complexities to the Geotechnical engineers. As, such soils reflect different types of volumetric changes when acted as supported material below foundations. So, many researchers try to find solution to overcome this issue. And one such economic solution is soil stabilization i.e. to enhance the soil properties by introducing different additives in it. Initially, introduction of sand to soils followed by compaction was one of the common practices adopted by engineers for stabilization of such weak soil deposits. But, competent substitute for sand becomes necessary with time, as the application of sand is not only limited to geotechnical applications but also in construction industry (Chetia.M. et al. 2018). So, many researchers after doing their critical evaluation and comparison suggest stone dust to be a competent substitute for sand. Stone dust possesses both pozolanic as well as coarser particles in it. These characteristics of stone dust make it an appropriate admixture in fine grained soils in order to achieve desirable strength. Stone dust is a solid waste that is produced every year to a generous extent of 200 million tonnes per annum. It is a waste that cannot be treated before it is dumped which therefore creates environmental problems. Therefore, utilization of these wastes becomes obligatory. With the advancement in technology, researchers utilize these wastes to ameliorate the geotechnical properties of soil to make it suitable for construction activities. Over the past several decades, many investigators have devoted considerable efforts to study the suitability of stone dust as additive to modify the geotechnical properties of weak soil deposits. Extensive investigations and testing programmes have been conducted by them to study the strength and compaction characteristics, index properties, consistency when stone dust is used as an additive in weak soils. However, the review of literature has revealed that only a limited study has been done on shear strength properties and permeability. In view of the above, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of stone dust (introducing in varying percentages) on shear strength and permeability characteristics of clayey soil. In addition, laboratory experiments like consistency limit tests, compaction test, unconfined compression test and CBR tests are also performed with an objective to reach for better results and conclusions. In order to fulfil our objective, a comprehensive investigation of using stone dust as additive has been planned. Firstly, stone dust was procured from Pal stone industries Limited located at Lalkuan, Uttarakhand. Soil was acquired from the campus of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). The overall testing programme was conducted in three phases. In the first phase experimental investigation of soil was carried out. In the second phase laboratory examinations was done on stone dust. In the third and last phase soil was mixed with different percentages of stone dust (i.e. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). By analyzing the results obtained from various laboratory experiments, it was concluded that utilization of stone dust as additive is satisfactory when mixed with clayey soil. Plasticity index was observed to decrease from 12.81% to 2.11% with increment in percentage of stone dust from 0 to 40% and beyond this a non plastic behaviour of soil was observed. Proctor results reflect that optimum dry density was decreased from 16.75% to 13.25% while maximum dry density increases from 1.74g/cm3 to 1.89g/cm3 on increasing the stone dust percentage from 0 to 50%. The stress at failure and CBR increased up to 30% addition of stone dust and afterwards they show a decreasing trend. The value of cohesion decreases while angle of internal friction increases. The permeability of samples was increased when stone dust was mixed up to 50%. These results were compared with the previous study’s results done by many researchers which reveal a fairly good agreement between the observations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Strategic mix to facilitate effective turnaround of UAS & TDC Pantnagar
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-05) Agarwal, Priyanka; Arora, V.P.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessing the impact of Kisan Credit Card scheme on profitability of crops in district Udham singh nagar, Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-07) Agarwal, Priyanka; Singh, H.N.
    Kisan credit card scheme is a landmark in the credit distribution system. The scheme was introduced in year 1998-99 with an aim to provide adequate, timely, hassle free loan amount at low cost. Present study was conducted in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, with the objectives to study socio-economic characteristics of the sample farmers, to examine the utilization pattern of loan taken through KCC scheme, to evaluate the impact of KCC scheme on profitability of major crops, to compute the cost of credit obtained through KCC scheme and to rank the constraints faced by beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries in accessing loan through KCC. The present study utilizes both secondary and primary data; secondary data were collected from various govt. offices. For primary data, random sampling technique was followed to select 64 farmers, 32 beneficiaries (farmers taking loan through KCC) and 32 non-beneficiaries. Simple statistical tools were used to study the socio-economic characteristics, loan utilization pattern and cost of obtaining credit through KCC, Garret ranking technique was used to rank the constraints faced by the beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries in assessing loan through KCC. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine impact of KCC on profitability of crops. Socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries show that beneficiaries were relatively resource rich as, 63 per cent and 54 per cent of beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries owned livestock, respectively and about 75 per cent of beneficiaries and 65 per cent of non- beneficiaries owned more than seven implements. Most of the beneficiaries had farming as their primary occupation as 81 per cent of beneficiaries and 62 per cent of the non-beneficiaries had farming as their primary occupation. The cropping intensity 259.41 per cent for non-beneficiary was slightly lower the beneficiaries farms (250.70%). Beneficiaries derived 74.03 per cent and 10.39 per cent income to the total income from crop and livestock respectively. While the corresponding figures were 73.19 per cent and 7.64 per cent for the non-beneficiaries. 88 percent of beneficiaries taken loan more than Rs 2 lakhs. The loan utilization pattern shows that overall 89.24% to total loan amount was productively used while 10.76% was diverted towards unproductive use. Diverted loan amount was higher for the small farmers accounting for 28% of their average loan amount. Same figure was 20.81%, 5.60% and 1.87% for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. Paddy (Kharif) occupied 33.01 and 31.02% per cent area to the gross cropped area followed by wheat (rabi) occupying 32.86 percent and 28.74 percent area to the gross cropped area on the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries farms, respectively. It was found that average costs and net returns of beneficiaries were 10.3 per cent and 16.6 per cent higher than the non-beneficiaries for paddy crop and 6.2 per cent and 7.5 percent for wheat crop. KCC increased the net profit from wheat and paddy by Rs. 2299.85 and Rs. 2663.95 per hectare respectively. The total cost of borrowing was found to be Rs 9.19 per Rs 100/- for borrowing loan limit up to Rs. 3 lakhs and Rs. 10.59 per Rs 100/- for limit more than Rs. 3 lakhs. According to the rank given by the beneficiaries, the main constraint was getting no dues certificate and lengthy paper work, which were ranked first and second. Rank given by the non-beneficiaries shows that because of easy access they preferred to take loan from non-institutional sources. Time consuming formalities of the bank, fear of being defaulter and insistence of collateral were ranked second, third and fourth.