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2011 - 201912020 - 20211
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Subject: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology × Author: Raj Kumari × End date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on applicability of titanium mesh cage for osteosynthesis of induced long bone segmental defects in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus )
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Raj Kumari; Das, Arup Kumar
    The present study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase suitable anaesthetic protocol, for the development of orthopaedic model in rabbits, was explored. It was conducted in twenty (20) clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits (~1.5-2.0 years old), of either sex, weighing 1.5 to 2.0 kg and were arbitrarily allocated for anaesthetic protocol-1 and anaesthetic protocol-2 containing 10 rabbits in each protocol. The common features included in these two anaesthetic protocols that premedication and induction agents along with dose rate were kept similar and an interval of five minutes was kept between each of these injections. Afterwards anaesthesia was maintained by sevoflurane in rabbits of protocol-1 and with isoflurane in rabbits of protocol-2. On the basis of evaluation of anaesthesia related parameters - sevoflurane was found relatively a better maintenance anaesthetic agent. Thereafter sevoflorane was used during the model development and surgical repair of left tibial midshaft segmental defects (LBSDs). In the second phase of study sixteen (16) adult New Zealand white rabbits (~1.5-2.0 years old) of either sex, weighing 1.5 to 2.5 kg were selected and were divided randomly into two groups (A and B) with eight animals in each group. In these rabbits LBSDs were created and cylindrical Ti-mesh cages and full length intramedullary Ti K-wire were used as implants for osteosynthesis. In rabbits of Group-B Ti-mesh cages were filled with HA ladened Mg-gelatin-collagen-spacer. On the basis of evaluation of parameters, better wound healing was observed in rabbits of Group-B compared to Group-A rabbits. Evaluation of biochemical parameters also showed greater intensity in healing of LBSDs of Group-B. The radiological parameters showed faster rate of new bone formation, reduction in gap (1.00 cm) and remodeling of segmental defect in rabbits of Group- B. On gross observations of segmental defect at the test limb it was found that a clear visible new bone bridging the entire defect and was closely integrated with the proximal and distal host bone-cage junction was observed in Group-B rabbits. However a slightly visible gap was observed in Group -A animals of this study. Although in both the groups the implant materials remained completely stable and in correct alignment that might have adequately aided in process fracture healing. The findings of histopathological and tetracycline labeling were also corroborating the findings of clinical and radiological parameters. Conclusively a better fracture healing and bridging of critical size defect was observed in rabbits of Group B as compared to Group -A rabbits and it can be stated that spacer used in this group might have aided for it and possessing attributes of osteogenicity, biodegradibity and biocompatability. In summated form it can be stated that the outcome of surgical management of large segmental defects of the tibia using cylindrical titanium mesh cages has advantages of comparative simplicity and versatility. So it has the scope to be used for the treatment of long segmental bone defects in clinical veterinary practice. However, further clinical studies are required in order to evaluate of its efficacy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic studies on propofol anaesthesia in sheep
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-06) Raj Kumari; Das, Arup Kumar
    In this study electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic changes during surgical interventions {viz., placement of central venous catheters (Group-B), docking/ tail amputation (Group-C), bilateral orchiectomy (Group-D) and no surgical stimuli as control (Group-A)} with propofol anaesthesia were assessed in twenty-four (n=24) apparently healthy male sheep. For surgical operations each sheep of this study was premedicated with glycopyrrolate (@ 0.02 mg/kg body weight, IM) and, five minutes after, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (@ 4.00 mg/kg body weight, IV). The parameters in this study included clinical, cardiopulmonary, haematobiochemical and electrocardiographic parameters. Similarly, qualitative electroencephalographic evaluation was done through spectral analysis to generate total power, SEF-90, MF and PPF over 0-30 frequency band width while relative power of different bandwidths viz., , , and was assessed. Rectal temperature and respiration rate has not shown any significant variability in any of the groups during the entire course of experiment. Haemoglobin concentration reduced and this extent was higher in control group than central venous catheterization, docking and castration groups. PCV reduced in all the groups. TEC depicted reduction in control group; however, this fall was not apparent in other groups. Blood glucose decreased initially followed by an increase in three groups after propofol induction while the castration group exhibited a non-significant increase from very beginning. Total serum protein declined in all the groups. A sudden increase in serum triglyceride (TG) was observed at one minute post-propofol induction in all the groups, which later on declined. Propofol has not been able to induce any significant changes in P-wave, QRS wave and T-wave amplitude as exhibited in control group. However, P-wave amplitude increased significantly in animals performed with central venous catheterization. The T-wave amplitude increased nonsignificantly in CVC group while decrease in docking and castration groups. P-wave and T-wave duration has not exhibited any significant difference throughout the course of experiment. However, QRS wave duration decreased in control group and no significant changes were observed in surgical groups. PR segment length reduced in castration group only and none of the other groups exhibited any significant changes. ST segment length exhibited significant increase in control group, non-significant increase in CVC while exhibiting significant fall in castration and docking groups. RR interval exhibited reduction in all the four groups, non-significantly in control while significantly in the three surgical groups. Heart Rate increased in all the four groups. EEG analysis showed an increase in total power, median frequency, theta frequency, peak power in all group, and after a transient increase reduction in spectral edge frequency and alpha frequency. However delta frequency showed an increase after a transient decrease and a marked decrease in beta frequency after propofol injection. It was concluded that propofol to some extent possess analgesic effect and may be useful in husbandry practices/ day case surgery. However, evaluation of analgesic effects of propofol needs further investigation.