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ThesisItem Open Access Disposition kinetics and tissue residue study of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and amprolium in broiler poultry(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-07) Bisht, Preeti; Ahmad, A. H.The present study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue residue study of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim ,when given intramuscular (i.m) in a combination (20mg.kg-1 sulphadiazine and 4mg.kg-1 trimethoprim) @ 24.0mg.kg-1 and amprolium given orally @ 30.0mg.kg-1 in poultry following single and multiple (5) dose administration. In the present study Biotrim®, a combination of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim in the ratio of 5:1 (sulphadiazine 400mg and trimethoprim 80mg) was given @24.0mg.kg-1 b.w i.m as a single dose to nine birds and as a multiple dose to nine birds for 5 consecutive days. Amprolium 20% was used and given @30.0mg.kg-1 b.w orally as a single dose to nine birds and as a multiple dose to nine birds for 5 consecutive days. The concentration of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and amprolium in plasma and tissue of these animals was analysed by HPLC. The initial peak plasma concentration of 24.06 and 1.27μg.ml-1 for sulphadiazine and trimethoprim was detected in poultry following single dose i.m. administration and 0.94μg.ml-1 for amprolium following single dose oral admiministration, respectively. The volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve (AUC) and elimination half- life calculated was 0.85L.kg-1, 0.12L.h-1.kg-1, 171.12h.μg.mL-1 and 4.73h and 2.64 L.kg-1,0.43 L.h-1.kg-1, 9.71 h.μg.mL-1and 4.53h for sulphadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) respectively, following single dose i.m administration of SDZ/TMP combination. For amprolium, the volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve (AUC) and elimination half- life following single dose oral administration calculated was 21.941 L.kg-1,14.446 L.h-1.kg-1,2.172 h.μg.mL-1 and 1.027h, respectively. In multiple dose study, volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated for sulphadiazine was 0.81 L.kg-1, 0.11 L.h-1.kg-1,176.41 h.μg.ml-1 and 4.93h after first dose and 0.80 L.kg-1, 0.12L.kg-1, 176.32 h.μg.ml-1 and 4.87 h after last dose, respectively. For TMP volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated as 2.75L.kg-1, 0.49L.h- 1.kg-1,8.72h.μg.ml-1 and 4.22h, respectively, after first dose and 2.81L.kg-1,0.35L.h-1.kg-1,11.70h.μg.ml-1 and 5.73h, respectively after last. For amprolium volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated was 16.731L.kg-1, 14.145L.h-1.kg-1, 2.202h.μg.ml-1 and 0.833±0.061h, respectively after first dose, 0.893L.kg-1,12.647L.h-1.kg-1,2.540h.μg.ml-1and 16.361h, respectively after last dose. According to the results obtained in the pharmacokinetic study an individualized dosage regimen were calculated. An i.m. dosage regimen of sulphadiazine with a priming dose of 43.32 mg.kg-1 and a maintenance dose of 35.25 mg.kg-1 for every 12 hr were estimated to maintain the therapeutic concentration. An i.m. dosage regimen of trimethoprim with a priming dose of 10.0mg.kg-1 followed by a maintenance dose of 8.7 mg.kg-1 at 12 h interval is recommended. For amprolium an oral dosage regimen with a priming dose of 28.4mg.kg-1 followed by a maintenance dose of 28.3 mg.kg-1 recommended. Following single dose i.m administration highest residual concentration of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were observed in kidney (0.28 μg.g-1 for SDZ and 0.69μg.g-1 for TMP) followed by liver at 24hrs post administration of SDZ/TMP combination. No drug residue was found after 72h of post administration of SDZ/TMP combination. In case of multiple dose i.m administration of SDZ/TMP combination, residue of SDZ and TMP were present in kidney, liver and muscle upto 96hr post administration with highest concentration in kidney (0.78μg.g-1 for sdz and1.19 μg.g-1 for tmp). For amprolium following single dose oral administration residue were found in liver, kidney, muscles with highest concentration found in liver (0.53 μg.g-1) at 24hr post administration. In case of multiple dose oral administration of amprolium, highest concentration found in liver (0.62μg.g-1) at 48hr post administration. Tissue residue were found in liver, kidney and muscles upto 96 hr post administration of amprolium.ThesisItem Open Access Disposition kinetics and tissue residue study of Sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and amprolium in broiler poultry(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-07) Bisht, Preeti; Ahmad, A.H.The present study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue residue study of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim ,when given intramuscular (i.m) in a combination (20mg.kg-1 sulphadiazine and 4mg.kg-1 trimethoprim) @ 24.0mg.kg-1 and amprolium given orally @ 30.0mg.kg-1 in poultry following single and multiple (5) dose administration. In the present study Biotrim®, a combination of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim in the ratio of 5:1 (sulphadiazine 400mg and trimethoprim 80mg) was given @24.0mg.kg-1 b.w i.m as a single dose to nine birds and as a multiple dose to nine birds for 5 consecutive days. Amprolium 20% was used and given @30.0mg.kg-1 b.w orally as a single dose to nine birds and as a multiple dose to nine birds for 5 consecutive days. The concentration of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim and amprolium in plasma and tissue of these animals was analysed by HPLC. The initial peak plasma concentration of 24.06 and 1.27μg.ml-1 for sulphadiazine and trimethoprim was detected in poultry following single dose i.m. administration and 0.94μg.ml-1 for amprolium following single dose oral admiministration, respectively. The volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve (AUC) and elimination half- life calculated was 0.85L.kg-1, 0.12L.h-1.kg-1, 171.12h.μg.mL-1 and 4.73h and 2.64 L.kg-1,0.43 L.h-1.kg-1, 9.71 h.μg.mL-1and 4.53h for sulphadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) respectively, following single dose i.m administration of SDZ/TMP combination. For amprolium, the volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve (AUC) and elimination half- life following single dose oral administration calculated was 21.941 L.kg-1,14.446 L.h-1.kg-1,2.172 h.μg.mL-1 and 1.027h, respectively. In multiple dose study, volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated for sulphadiazine was 0.81 L.kg-1, 0.11 L.h-1.kg-1,176.41 h.μg.ml-1 and 4.93h after first dose and 0.80 L.kg-1, 0.12L.kg-1, 176.32 h.μg.ml-1 and 4.87 h after last dose, respectively. For TMP volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated as 2.75L.kg-1, 0.49L.h- 1.kg-1,8.72h.μg.ml-1 and 4.22h, respectively, after first dose and 2.81L.kg-1,0.35L.h-1.kg-1,11.70h.μg.ml-1 and 5.73h, respectively after last. For amprolium volume of distribution, clearance, mean area under curve and elimination half-life calculated was 16.731L.kg-1, 14.145L.h-1.kg-1, 2.202h.μg.ml-1 and 0.833±0.061h, respectively after first dose, 0.893L.kg-1,12.647L.h-1.kg-1,2.540h.μg.ml-1and 16.361h, respectively after last dose. According to the results obtained in the pharmacokinetic study an individualized dosage regimen were calculated. An i.m. dosage regimen of sulphadiazine with a priming dose of 43.32 mg.kg-1 and a maintenance dose of 35.25 mg.kg-1 for every 12 hr were estimated to maintain the therapeutic concentration. An i.m. dosage regimen of trimethoprim with a priming dose of 10.0mg.kg-1 followed by a maintenance dose of 8.7 mg.kg-1 at 12 h interval is recommended. For amprolium an oral dosage regimen with a priming dose of 28.4mg.kg-1 followed by a maintenance dose of 28.3 mg.kg-1 at 12 h interval is recommended. Following single dose i.m administration highest residual concentration of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim were observed in kidney (0.28 μg.g-1 for SDZ and 0.69μg.g-1 for TMP) followed by liver at 24hrs post administration of SDZ/TMP combination. No drug residue was found after 72h of post administration of SDZ/TMP combination. In case of multiple dose i.m administration of SDZ/TMP combination, residue of SDZ and TMP were present in kidney, liver and muscle upto 96hr post administration with highest concentration in kidney (0.78μg.g-1 for sdz and1.19 μg.g-1 for tmp). For amprolium following single dose oral administration residue were found in liver, kidney, muscles with highest concentration found in liver (0.53 μg.g-1) at 24hr post administration. In case of multiple dose oral administration of amprolium, highest concentration found in liver (0.62μg.g-1) at 48hr post administration. Tissue residue were found in liver, kidney and muscles upto 96 hr post administration of amprolium.
