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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × Author: Aswathy, P.U. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. in rats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-06) Aswathy, P.U.; Ahmed, A.H.
    The present study was carried out to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. in combating cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of plant extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, reducing sugars and proteins. The quantitative phytochemical analysis of plant extract revealed a total phenolic content of 84.33±4.70 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of extract and the total flavonoid content was found to be 31.60±2.90 mg rutin equivalent per g of extract.The experimental design comprised of eight groups with each group having six rats. Group I served as control, group II rats were administered cyclophosphamide @100 mg/kg b. wt. p.o on 9th and 16th day of treatment, in group III levamisole was administered @ 50 mg/kg b wt. sc, in group IV both cyclophosphamide and levamisole, group V was administered hydroethanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum (TPHE)@ 200 mg/kg b.wt, group VI was administered TPHE @ 200 mg/kg b.wt along with cyclophosphamide @ 100 mg/kg b. wt (on 9th and 16th day @ 100 mg/kg body weight p.o, group VII was administered with TPHE @ 400 mg/kg body weight p.o and group VIII was administered with TPHE @ 400 mg/kg body weight along with cyclophosphamide for 28 days. Cyclophosphamide produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weight and organ weights which were restored to normal by treatment with TPHE in groups VI and VIII. Cyclophosphamide administration caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in Hb, TEC, TLC, Platelet, DLC and PCV as compared to other groups. A significant (p<0.05) decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin and A: G was observed in group II as compared to control. TPHE treated groups V, VI, VII and VIII showed significant (p<0.05) amelioration in the cyclophosphamide induced reduction of total proteins as compared to group II. Cyclophosphamide showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, AST, ALT and ALP compared to other groups which were restored by TPHE towards normal. Cyclophosphamide produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in HA titre, DTH reaction, neutrophil adhesion, phagocytic index, total Ig level, and immunoglobulin (IgM and IgG) estimation but treatment with TPHE restored these parameters towards normal values in a dose dependent manner indicating its immunostimulatory activity. Histopathological changes in spleen were characterized by loss of white pulp mainly in the peripheral region, degenerative changes both in red pulp and white pulp making its differentiation difficult and accumulation of macrophages and haemosiderin deposits. In liver, necrotized hepatocytes , karyolysis and vacuolation of cytoplasm, lack of proper lobulation pattern, bile duct hyperplasia and accumulation of neutrophils and lymphocytes. Lung of cyclophosphamide treated rats showed emphysema, interstitial pneumonia with infiltration of lymphocytes and thickening of interalveolar septa which were ameliorated by treatment with TPHE in a dose dependent manner after 28 days of treatment in rats. Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that hydroethanolic extracts of Trianthema portulacastrum has immunostimulatory activity against cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression.