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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological and clinicopathological studies on poultry coccidiosis with special reference to economic impact assessment in commercial poultry flocks
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Pant, Sachin; Bhatt, Prakash
    The present study aimed at epidemiological, clinico-pathological and economic loss assessment due to coccidiosis in commercial poultry flocks of Uttarakhand and adjoining states. A total of 16 commercial poultry farms were screened and 9 were found positive for coccidiosis. Out of coccidiosis positive farms, six were broiler farms (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6) and three were layer farms (L1, L2 and L3). The overall prevalence was 56.25% with 60% in broiler and 50% in layer flocks. The maximum prevalence was recorded during Aug-Sep (50%) followed by June-July (33.3%) and Dec-Jan (16.6%) in broilers, while there was equal prevalence during June-July (33.3%), Aug-Sep (33.3%) and Oct-Nov (33.3%) in layer farms. The management system mainly consisted of deep litter (87.50%) followed by cage system (12.50%). The identification of coccidian parasite was confirmed by gross lesion site, oocyst morphology and coccimorph software. The most prevalent coccidian parasite identified was E. tenella (66.6%) in both type of farms followed by E. maxima (50%) and E. necatrix (33.3%) in broiler, while in layers E. maxima (33.3%) and E. acervulina (33.3%) with mortality rates of 3.1% and 4.4% in broiler and layers, respectively. Clinical signs included bloody droppings, ruffled feathers, anaemia, production losses and increased FCR. Post-mortem revealed pale, anaemic carcass, swelled intestine and haemorrhages. Microscopic lesions were destruction of intestinal epithelium, Eimeria oocysts in intestine, haemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. Economic loss was assessed with help of various parameters viz., chemoprophylactic cost, chemotherapeutic cost, mortality loss, reduced body weight gain, increased FCR etc. in broilers while vaccination cost, chemoprophylactic cost, mortality loss, decreased egg production etc. in layers. The assessment of economic losses indicated that broiler flocks were the major sufferer with maximum loss due to reduced body weight gain followed by increased FCR, mortality, chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis except in farms B1, B2 and B6. No subclinical form was observed in L1 and L2 farms whereas in L3, maximum loss was due to chemotherapeutic cost followed by loss in egg production and mortality.