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20211
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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: Sawan Kumar × End date: 2024 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on prevalence of canine cardiac ailments and clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endocarditis in dogs
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Sawan Kumar; Singh, J.L.
    The present research work “Studies on prevalence of canine cardiac ailments, clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endocarditis in dogs” was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, C.V. A. Sc, GBPUAT, Pantnagar from July 2020 to June 2021. In addition, a prevalence study of Canine Cardiac ailments was carried out by conducting the Retrospective study and Routine Heart Health screening at different Veterinary polyclinics, of Dehradun, Haldwani and Rudrapur of Uttarakhand & nearby Veterinary Institutions (NDVSU, Jabalpur and DUVASU, Mathura). The prevalence study comprised 51655 cases of the total canine population. 3056 (5.91%) of canine population had clinical evidence of cardiac problems and 57 (0.11%) cases of cardiac diseases were determined to be positive for Endocarditis. Out of 3056 cases studied for different cardiac diseases, the highest prevalence was of cardiac arrhythmias (1352, 44.14%) followed by Dilated Cardiomyopathy (728, 23.82%), Mitral valve insufficiency (413,13.51%), Pericardial effusion (275, 8.99%), Heart worm infection (156, 5.10%), Coronary artery disease (75, 2.45%) and, Endocarditis (57, 1.86%). Maximum prevalence of endocarditis was found in Mathura (0.137%) followed by Rudrapur (0.126%), Dehradun (0.121%), Pantnagar (0.102%), Haldwani (0.094%) and, Jabalpur (0.070%). Out of 57 cases of Endocarditis of different regions, the males were more affected as compare to the females. The prevalence of Endocarditis was uppermost in the 7-9 Year age group (33.33%) followed by > 9 year age group (24.56%), 4-7 year age group (19.29%), 2-4 year age group (15.78%). The breed wise prevalence of Endocarditis of breeds like Labrador, German sepherd, Pomeranian, Non Discript, Doberman, Beagle, and Dalmantian was 29.82%, 22.80%, 14.03%, 12.28%, 10.52%, 7.01% and, 3.50%, respectively. Most of the clinical cases were presented with a history of fever, Exercise intolerance, Anorexia or Inappetance, Ascites, Pedal edema, Dyspnoea at rest, Hepato-jugular pulsation, lameness or arthritis. An extracardiac murmur was heard during the auscultation of dogs is considered to be the differential point of diagnosis from other cardiac disorders. Respiration rate, heart rate and rectal temperature were increased in dogs affected with canine endocarditis and shows significant variation as compare to the healthy control group. There was significant decreases observed in levels of haemoglobin, PCV, TEC. while significant increase in Neutrophils and TLC throughout the entire study. The Overall results of the present study shows that the dogs of therapeutic groups were having hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, increased ALT, AST, BUN, Total cholesterol, LDH, and serum CKMB levels as compared to the healthy control group of dogs. Arrhythmias were found in 60 % to 70 % of affected dogs, with ventricular arrhythmias, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation and Premature ventricular complexes being the foremost common. Radiographic findings of endocarditis in present study were cardiomegaly, accumulation of fluid in the abdominal area, cardiac chamber enlargement, lesions of cardiopulmonary involvement, pneumonitis, severe cardiomegaly with right side enlargement, Pulmonary congestion with pleural fluid. M- mode echocardiography was used and findings were vegetative lesions on the valves, increased internal diameter of cardiac chambers and erosive lesions on the valve. From the comparative treatment of canine endocarditis, it was established that the combination of Cefotaxime and Amikacin is best followed by Amoxicillin+Clavulanate, Marbofloxacin, and Doxycycline, with percent recovery of 66.66%, 50%, 33.33%, and 16%, respectively. Ancillary and supportive treatment was provided to the dogs according to the clinical signs observed. Dogs suffering from pedal edema and ascites were treated with furosemide, dogs showing dyspnoea were provided Theophylline+Etophylline to combat the condition, and atenolol, enalapril, antipyretics, and multivitamins were also the part of treatment.