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  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Clinico-pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic studies of cystitis in canines
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-06) Satyendra Kumar; Singh, J.L.
    The present study was aimed for identifying the prevalence of cystitis among the canines in some parts of India. Based on retrospective study of hospital record, cystitis was more prevalent in Pantnagar during 2004-2005. However, cystitis based on clinical screening was more prevalent in Mathura. Cystitis was seen mainly in female dogs of above six years age. Dysuria, haematuria, frequent painful micturition, pollakiuria, squatting posture and incontinence were the important clinical signs suggestive of cystitis. Routine clinical parameters namely rectal temperature and heart, pulse and respiration rates were increased in cystitis significantly. Haematological study revealed significant increase in TLC and neutrophil counts, while significant decreases were found in haemoglobin levels and lymphocyte numbers. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were increased significantly, while serum glucose level was decreased significantly. Serum albumin and albumin/globulin ratio were decreased significantly. However, serum globulin was increased significantly. Serum sodium and calcium level were significantly low in value. Whereas analytical value of serum inorganic phosphorus was high in cystitis. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) level were increased significantly in cystitis. In present study, urine pH and specific gravity were increased significantly. Protein, urea nitrogen and creatinine in urine were increased significantly in cystitis. The ratio of urinary protein/cretinine was observed significantly high in cystitis affected dogs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) level in urine were increased significantly in cystitis. The bacteria commonly identified in this work were E.coli., Staph.Spp., Strept. Spp., Klebsiella spp.,Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Contrast cystographic study of urinary bladder demonstrated distended irregular shaped sac with a smooth mucosal surface. In USG study, the lumen of urinary bladder in all cases found to be anechoic in appearance surrounded by hyperechoic bladder wall. Echogenic accumulations (thickened bladder wall) in the dependent region of the urinary bladder were found as another prominent sonographic lesions of cystitis. Therapeutic management point of view, Doxycycline was found as antibiotic of primary choice followed by Cefotaxime, Amikacin and Oflaxacin as secondary, tertiary and quarternary choice, respectively.
  • ThesisItemOpen Access
    Epidemiological, clinico-pathological and therapeutic studies of goitre in goats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2010-08) Satyendra Kumar; Shukla, S.K.