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Subject: Veterinary Medicine × Author: Gangwar, Pritee × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of essential oils and aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants of sub Himalayan region for antibacterial properties
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Gangwar, Pritee; Mahesh Kumar
    The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial properties of essential oils and aqueous extracts of Anethum graveolens, Coriandrum sativum, Eucalyptus globulus, Lantana camara, Mentha spicata and Ocimum sanctum against Staph. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and Pr. vulgaris and to find out the active phytochemical components in these using HPTLC. Over all essential oil of Ocimum sanctum was most effective followed by Eucalyptus globulus, Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Mentha spicata and Lantana camara in decreasing order. Maximum MIC (0.97 l/ml) was of E. globulus and O. sanctum against Pr. vulgaris and E. coli while lowest (62.5 l/ml) activity was noticed against P. aeruginosa by A. graveolens and L. camara. Among aqueous extracts the order of efficacy was E. globulus > A. graveolens > O. sanctum > M. spicata > C. sativum and L. camara. Lowest (500 mg/ml) MIC was exhibited by aqueous extract of E. globulus against S. typhi and O. sanctum against P. Aeruginosa while highest (62.5 mg/ml) against Staph. aureus by E. globulus aqueous extract. Overall Staph. aureus was most sensitive and P. aeruginosa had least sensitivity for all the oils and extracts. Against E. coli, none of the aqueous extract had efficacy. All the essential oils and aqueous extracts (except L. camara) had either equal or more activity against Proteus vulgaris when compared with the ampicillin (10 g/disc). Rest of the treatments with essential oils and aqueous extracts were found less effective as compared to the standard antibiotics. Upon fractionation essential oils fractionated mainly in 4 and sometimes into more and less number of fractions with probability of carvone and dillopiole in A. graveolens and C. sativum. Even after the absence of many phytochemical groups in aqueous extracts they were well fractionated on chromatography. Aqueous extract revealed the probability of presence of known alkaloids like quinine and flavonopid like isosakuranetin (flavone) in E. globulus; anthraquinones like furnonaphoquines in L. camara; and flavonoids like flavones. Though many phytochemical groups were not detected in some cases on analysis and some fractions were present but they did not tally with the known ones. Some common phenolic fractions having similar Rf and max viz., 0.02 and 312 nm in L. camara, M. spicata and O. sanctum; 0.07 and 319 nm in L. camara and M. spicata and 0.07 and 329 nm in A. graveolens and C. sativum were noticed, which may probably be the similar components in these plants.