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Theses

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2017 - 201932020 - 20221
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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on pre-pubertal indices in cattle through nutritional interventions under field conditions
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-08) Mahajan, Mohit; Shiv Prasad
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bypass protein, bypass fats, rumen protected niacin, rumen protected choline and probiotics on the prepubertal heifers, repeat breeders, anestrus and advance pregnant cattle. The study was conducted under field conditions covering animals from the Tarai region of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India and under controlled conditions at Instructional Dairy Farm (IDF), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Prepubertal heifers were divided into T1 (3 months feeding, field), T2 (5 months feeding, field), T3 (3 months feeding, farm) and T0 control groups. Repeat breeders, anestrus and advance pregnant cattle groups were fed experimental diet for 1 month. Heifers were subjected to monthly analysis of physical parameters i.e., body condition score, body weight, age at first heat, ovarian status, age at first conception, number of services per conception, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters and hormonal profile, estrogen, progesterone and leptin. The incidence of metabolic and reproductive diseases and milk yield were done in advance pregnant animals. It was recorded that with supplementation of experimental diet in heifers under field and controlled condition, a significant increase in the body condition score and body weight was recorded. Estrus induction rate was recorded to be 85%, 90% and 70% in T1, T2 and T3 groups respectively significantly more than control group i.e., 35%. Similarly, a higher conception rate of 76.47 %, 83.33 % and 71.42 % for T1, T2 & T3 groups, respectively, significantly higher than T0 with 14.42 %. Hematological examination recorded no significant change. Biochemical examination recorded a nonsignificant decrease in BUN and non-significant increase in blood glucose during the experiment. Simultaneously a significant increase in the blood total protein was recorded. Experimentally fed pre pubertal heifers reported a significant higher estrogen level from the 1st (93.09 ± 2.02 pg/ml), 2nd (89.91 ± 1.71 pg/ml) and 3rd (87.11 ± 2.25 pg/ml) months compared to the control group. Estrogen concentration was higher in all experimentally fed heifers. A non-significantly higher progesterone concentration was recorded for all heifers fed experimental diet compared to the control group. This is relative to the high estrus induction rate and high conception in heifers fed experimental diet. Leptin concentration was recorded to be non-significantly higher in the heifers fed experimental diet at all stages in experiment for both those in estrus as well as those conceived. Anestrus animals recorded 70% estrus expression with a 40% conception rate in contrast to 40% estrus expression and 10% conception in the control group. Repeat breeder cattle recorded conception rate of 55% in contrast to the control group with 30 %. Experimentally fed pregnant cattle recorded a remarkable reduction in the incidence of metabolic and reproductive diseases from 17 to 4 cases as compared to 10 to 5 cases in the control group. The milk production post-treatment (14.85 ± 0.44 liters/day/cow) was significantly high compared to the control (11.20 ± 0.88 liters/day/cow) group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) as an alternative therapy for retention of placenta in bovines.
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-01) Wani, Maleeha Anis; Shiv Prasad
    The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Bamboo as possible therapeutic usages in bovine reproductive disorders and effective treatment for the retention of fetal membranes. Bamboos’ belonging to family Poaceae is considered as one of the most versatile multi-utility forest tree grasses, also known in Indians as "Green Gold." Qualitative phytochemical analyses of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extract of different parts of Bamboo (Bambusa Balcooa) revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and phytosterols in leaves, saponins, resins, phytosterols and phenols in stem and flavonoids, resins, phytosterols, tannins and phenols in a shoot. The content of total phenols and flavonoids in the various parts of bamboo were higher in alcoholic extract than aqueous extract. But various extract in the concentration of 1mg/ml on uterine strip placed in isolated organ bath failed to produce any contractile effect. Sixty (60) animals postpartum were given various parts of Bambusa balcooa as preventive medication during parturition revealed the time required for expulsion of fetal membrane ranged from 4.63±0.3 to 6.46±0.33 hours. The time required for the disappearance of lochial discharge ranged from 12.00±0.63 days to 15.75±0.83 days. The first heat postpartum ranged from 38.42±4.78 days to 69.50±10.43 days. The involution rate ranged from 31.25±1.09 to 35.83±1.77 days. The average number of services per conception ranged from 1.92±0.26 to 3.58±0.62. The conception rate ranged from 66.66% to 83.33%. Biochemical values of total glucose, total protein, cholesterol and urea differ significantly from 0 days to 24th day of parturition. Total progesterone level differs significantly from 0 days to 16th day of parturition. A total of sixteen (16) animals with retained fetal membranes given various combinations of different parts of Bamboo showed the time required for expulsion of fetal membranes ranged from 52.13±7.32 to 75.81±4.02 hours. The disappearance of lochial discharge ranged from 14.88±1.23 to 16.00±1.34 days. The first postpartum heat ranged from 51.25±5.51 to 64.88 ±13.88 days and involution rate observed ranged from 34.13±0.72 to 41.38±0.96 days. The average number of services per conception ranged from 2.13±0.35 to 4.25±0.45. The overall conception rate was 37.50 to 75.00%. The biochemical values of total glucose, total protein, calcium and phosphorus varied significantly from 0 days to 16th day of parturition. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that Bamboo is the rich source of phytochemicals can be used for the effective and alternative medicine for treatment of retention of placenta due to its cost-effectiveness and lesser side-effects.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on therapeutic efficacy of various immunomodulators on endometritis in repeat breeding crossbred cows
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Singh, Bhoopendra; Gupta, H.P.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Follicular development, superovulation and embryo recovery following insulin and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) treatment during mid Luteal phase of Estrous cycle in embryo donor and hormonal profile in recipient cattle
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-02) Sheetal, Shailendra Kishore; Prasad, Shiv
    The present study was designed to study the effect of insulin and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration during mid luteal phase of estrous cylce on follicular development, superovulation, embryo recovery and alteration in hormonal and biochemical profiles in embryo donor cows. Sahiwal cows (n=18) were selected and divided into 3 groups; control, T-I (Insulin @ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 5, 6, 7 and 8 days of estous cycle ) and T-II (IGF-I @ 10 μg total dose per day S/C on 5, 6, 7 and 8 days of estous cycle). Blood samples were collected on day 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21st or day of embryo recovery (DER). Further, crossbred embryo recipient cows (n=30) were selected and divided into 3 groups; control, T-I (Insulin @ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 0, 1, 2 and 3 days of EC) and T-II (Insulin (@ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 4, 5, 6 and 7 days of EC). Blood samples were collected on 5, 7, 14, 21st days of estrous cycle. The serum was separated and stored at -20°c in refrigerator till analysis of hormonal and biochemical profiles. The mean diameters (mm) of largest follicles and second largest follicles in control, T-I and T-II groups differed non-significantly (P>0.05) between groups on 9, 11 and 13th day of superovulatory treatments, respectively. The ovulation rate, total number of embryos/ova recovered, transferable embryos, degenerated embryos, unfertilized ova did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the groups. However, the higher embryo recovery rate of 38.46% was recorded in T-I group, than in T-II (35.71%) and lowest in control (31.76%) group. The overall embryo recovery rate of all groups was 35.38%. The mean concentration of progesterone on day 7, 11, insulin on day 7, 9, IGF-I on day 5, 7, 9, 11, 15 and creatinine on day 5, 7, 9, were significantly higher in T-I group as compared to untreated control. However, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and urea did not differ. In recipients, the progesterone level increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 7 and 14 in T-II group, while glucose and urea decreased. The serum insulin, IGF-I, total protein, cholesterol and creatinine differed non-significantly. On the basis of above findings, it may be concluded that administration of insulin during mid luteal phase of estrous cycle may yield better follicular development, superovulatory response, and embryonic development and might be helpful for conception in embryo recipients as compared to untreated control.