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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on bamboo (Bambusa balcooa) as an alternative therapy for retention of placenta in bovines.(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-01) Wani, Maleeha Anis; Shiv PrasadThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Bamboo as possible therapeutic usages in bovine reproductive disorders and effective treatment for the retention of fetal membranes. Bamboos’ belonging to family Poaceae is considered as one of the most versatile multi-utility forest tree grasses, also known in Indians as "Green Gold." Qualitative phytochemical analyses of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extract of different parts of Bamboo (Bambusa Balcooa) revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and phytosterols in leaves, saponins, resins, phytosterols and phenols in stem and flavonoids, resins, phytosterols, tannins and phenols in a shoot. The content of total phenols and flavonoids in the various parts of bamboo were higher in alcoholic extract than aqueous extract. But various extract in the concentration of 1mg/ml on uterine strip placed in isolated organ bath failed to produce any contractile effect. Sixty (60) animals postpartum were given various parts of Bambusa balcooa as preventive medication during parturition revealed the time required for expulsion of fetal membrane ranged from 4.63±0.3 to 6.46±0.33 hours. The time required for the disappearance of lochial discharge ranged from 12.00±0.63 days to 15.75±0.83 days. The first heat postpartum ranged from 38.42±4.78 days to 69.50±10.43 days. The involution rate ranged from 31.25±1.09 to 35.83±1.77 days. The average number of services per conception ranged from 1.92±0.26 to 3.58±0.62. The conception rate ranged from 66.66% to 83.33%. Biochemical values of total glucose, total protein, cholesterol and urea differ significantly from 0 days to 24th day of parturition. Total progesterone level differs significantly from 0 days to 16th day of parturition. A total of sixteen (16) animals with retained fetal membranes given various combinations of different parts of Bamboo showed the time required for expulsion of fetal membranes ranged from 52.13±7.32 to 75.81±4.02 hours. The disappearance of lochial discharge ranged from 14.88±1.23 to 16.00±1.34 days. The first postpartum heat ranged from 51.25±5.51 to 64.88 ±13.88 days and involution rate observed ranged from 34.13±0.72 to 41.38±0.96 days. The average number of services per conception ranged from 2.13±0.35 to 4.25±0.45. The overall conception rate was 37.50 to 75.00%. The biochemical values of total glucose, total protein, calcium and phosphorus varied significantly from 0 days to 16th day of parturition. On the basis of above findings, it can be concluded that Bamboo is the rich source of phytochemicals can be used for the effective and alternative medicine for treatment of retention of placenta due to its cost-effectiveness and lesser side-effects.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on therapeutic efficacy of various immunomodulators on endometritis in repeat breeding crossbred cows(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Singh, Bhoopendra; Gupta, H.P.ThesisItem Open Access Follicular development, superovulation and embryo recovery following insulin and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) treatment during mid Luteal phase of Estrous cycle in embryo donor and hormonal profile in recipient cattle(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-02) Sheetal, Shailendra Kishore; Prasad, ShivThe present study was designed to study the effect of insulin and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration during mid luteal phase of estrous cylce on follicular development, superovulation, embryo recovery and alteration in hormonal and biochemical profiles in embryo donor cows. Sahiwal cows (n=18) were selected and divided into 3 groups; control, T-I (Insulin @ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 5, 6, 7 and 8 days of estous cycle ) and T-II (IGF-I @ 10 μg total dose per day S/C on 5, 6, 7 and 8 days of estous cycle). Blood samples were collected on day 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21st or day of embryo recovery (DER). Further, crossbred embryo recipient cows (n=30) were selected and divided into 3 groups; control, T-I (Insulin @ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 0, 1, 2 and 3 days of EC) and T-II (Insulin (@ 0.25 IU/kg b. wt. S/C on 4, 5, 6 and 7 days of EC). Blood samples were collected on 5, 7, 14, 21st days of estrous cycle. The serum was separated and stored at -20°c in refrigerator till analysis of hormonal and biochemical profiles. The mean diameters (mm) of largest follicles and second largest follicles in control, T-I and T-II groups differed non-significantly (P>0.05) between groups on 9, 11 and 13th day of superovulatory treatments, respectively. The ovulation rate, total number of embryos/ova recovered, transferable embryos, degenerated embryos, unfertilized ova did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the groups. However, the higher embryo recovery rate of 38.46% was recorded in T-I group, than in T-II (35.71%) and lowest in control (31.76%) group. The overall embryo recovery rate of all groups was 35.38%. The mean concentration of progesterone on day 7, 11, insulin on day 7, 9, IGF-I on day 5, 7, 9, 11, 15 and creatinine on day 5, 7, 9, were significantly higher in T-I group as compared to untreated control. However, glucose, cholesterol, total protein and urea did not differ. In recipients, the progesterone level increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 7 and 14 in T-II group, while glucose and urea decreased. The serum insulin, IGF-I, total protein, cholesterol and creatinine differed non-significantly. On the basis of above findings, it may be concluded that administration of insulin during mid luteal phase of estrous cycle may yield better follicular development, superovulatory response, and embryonic development and might be helpful for conception in embryo recipients as compared to untreated control.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of immunomodulators on endometritis in crossbred cows(Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology;Pantnagar, 2006) Prasad, Jai Kishan; Saxena, M. SThesisItem Open Access Effect of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 1, 2 - propanediol (PROH) on cryopreservation of early buffalo embryo(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2000) Suresh Kumar; Maurya, S.M.