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Subject: Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics × Author: Mahajan, Mohit × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on pre-pubertal indices in cattle through nutritional interventions under field conditions
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-08) Mahajan, Mohit; Shiv Prasad
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bypass protein, bypass fats, rumen protected niacin, rumen protected choline and probiotics on the prepubertal heifers, repeat breeders, anestrus and advance pregnant cattle. The study was conducted under field conditions covering animals from the Tarai region of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India and under controlled conditions at Instructional Dairy Farm (IDF), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. Prepubertal heifers were divided into T1 (3 months feeding, field), T2 (5 months feeding, field), T3 (3 months feeding, farm) and T0 control groups. Repeat breeders, anestrus and advance pregnant cattle groups were fed experimental diet for 1 month. Heifers were subjected to monthly analysis of physical parameters i.e., body condition score, body weight, age at first heat, ovarian status, age at first conception, number of services per conception, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters and hormonal profile, estrogen, progesterone and leptin. The incidence of metabolic and reproductive diseases and milk yield were done in advance pregnant animals. It was recorded that with supplementation of experimental diet in heifers under field and controlled condition, a significant increase in the body condition score and body weight was recorded. Estrus induction rate was recorded to be 85%, 90% and 70% in T1, T2 and T3 groups respectively significantly more than control group i.e., 35%. Similarly, a higher conception rate of 76.47 %, 83.33 % and 71.42 % for T1, T2 & T3 groups, respectively, significantly higher than T0 with 14.42 %. Hematological examination recorded no significant change. Biochemical examination recorded a nonsignificant decrease in BUN and non-significant increase in blood glucose during the experiment. Simultaneously a significant increase in the blood total protein was recorded. Experimentally fed pre pubertal heifers reported a significant higher estrogen level from the 1st (93.09 ± 2.02 pg/ml), 2nd (89.91 ± 1.71 pg/ml) and 3rd (87.11 ± 2.25 pg/ml) months compared to the control group. Estrogen concentration was higher in all experimentally fed heifers. A non-significantly higher progesterone concentration was recorded for all heifers fed experimental diet compared to the control group. This is relative to the high estrus induction rate and high conception in heifers fed experimental diet. Leptin concentration was recorded to be non-significantly higher in the heifers fed experimental diet at all stages in experiment for both those in estrus as well as those conceived. Anestrus animals recorded 70% estrus expression with a 40% conception rate in contrast to 40% estrus expression and 10% conception in the control group. Repeat breeder cattle recorded conception rate of 55% in contrast to the control group with 30 %. Experimentally fed pregnant cattle recorded a remarkable reduction in the incidence of metabolic and reproductive diseases from 17 to 4 cases as compared to 10 to 5 cases in the control group. The milk production post-treatment (14.85 ± 0.44 liters/day/cow) was significantly high compared to the control (11.20 ± 0.88 liters/day/cow) group.