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20176
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Planning and designing of rainwater harvesting system in Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Mohit Kumar; Pravendra Kumar
    Water is the most precious natural resource and a universal asset. With the increasing population and global change, rainwater conservation have become worldwide focal issues, particularly in the water stressed regions. Rainwater harvesting, based on the collection and storage of rainfall, has been widely used for domestic use and agricultural production in hilly areas. It has advantages of simple operation, high adaption, low cost and maintenance. The present study was conducted at Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, keeping in view the importance of rainwater harvesting. The rainwater was harvested from roofs of the hostel, canteen and surrounding land surface area. The rainfall data of last 40 years was analyzed to determine the probability of occurrence. The optimum size of the tank is selected based on the water budgeting analysis of average monthly rainfall data. The results show that rectangular R.C.C. tank of sizes 55.62 m3 for boys hostel, 34.83 m3 for new boys and girls hostels and 122.36 m3 for happy zone are suitable on the basis of demand and availability of water. The cost of construction of tank of size 55.62 m3 for boys hostel is Rs 155035.98, of size 34.83 m3 for new boys and girls hostels is Rs 129901.13 and of size 122.36 m3 for happy zone (canteen) is Rs 295610.82 and for recharge pit is Rs 514877.6. The annual availability of water through roof-top water harvesting is 20703.23 m3, out of which 13350 m3 is used for domestic purpose and 17857.46 m3 is used for ground water recharge. The total cost of the system is Rs 4963853.93 which includes cost of guttering, conveyance, distribution of water and maintenance of the system till the end of the life of system (25 years). The B-C ratio and Pay-back period for harvesting systems of boys hostel, new boys and girls hostels, and both for hostels and canteen are found to be 0.96, 3.16 and 1.8, and 25 years, 7.88 years and 13.20 years, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Integrated approach of RUSLE and GIS for soil loss assessment in Chakferi watershed
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Pant, Uma; Kashyap, P.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Time series analysis of monthly rainfall at Pantnagar using ARIMA and ANN
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Chandra Prakash Reddy, M.; Anil Kumar
    Planning and design of the water resources projects need accurate information about different hydrological events which are not governed by known physicochemical laws. Hydrologic modelling of climatological data, as a stochastic process, is of interest for a variety of hydrological research area such as flood routing reservoir operation and agricultural planning at watershed scale. Time series analysis plays an important role at this regard. Keeping this in view, an attempt has made to develop a time series model for Pantnagar by using ARIMA and ANN. The monthly rainfall data from (1961-2014) were used for the analysis. Various tests such as Mann-Kendell’s trend test for trend analysis. Stationarity in time series was tested by Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Kwiatkowski-Philips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) were used for development of ARIMA model. Gamma test is done for input selection for ANN model. The performance of developed model is judged by using statistical indices such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), and coefficient of Efficiency (CE). Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) or Schwarz criterion, Pooled Average Relative Error (PARE). Data from 1961 to 2012 were used for development of model. By using developed model for the years 2013-2014 were forecasted. The results showed good agreement between observed and predicted. Overall ANN performance is superior to ARIMA.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Planning of rainwater harvesting structures using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Gola watershed of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Kaushal Kishor; Pravendra Kumar
    Conservation of precious natural resources like soil and water which are depleting day by day at an alarming rate is essential for prosperity and growth. Considering this fact in the mind, present study is conducted for rainfall-runoff modeling and planning of rainwater harvesting structures using RS and GIS techniques in Gola watershed, Uttarakhand, India. Gola Watershed stretches over about 590.0274 km2 area. Landsat 8 data, ASTER data and Google earth data were used for developing different thematic map layers like watershed boundary map, LULC map, soil map, HSG map, drainage map, DEM map, basin map, slope map and buffer map of built-up land and intersection of these layers was performed for rainfall-runoff modeling and planning of RWHS in GIS environment. QGIS 2.16.3 and ENVI 4.8 softwares were used. Daily rainfall and runoff data of Kathgodam gauging station during years 2006 to 2015 (monsoon season) for Gola watershed were used for runoff estimation using NRCS-CN model to justify the availability of runoff potential for proposed rainwater harvesting structures. IMSD guidelines were followed for potential suitable RWHS zones map and potential site suitability map. In this study, Check Dam, Percolation Tank and Farm Pond were decided based on thematic map layers. Predictive performance of NRCS-CN model for the estimation of surface runoff was satisfactory with r, RMSE and CE values of 0.89, 8.61 and 60.15 %, respectively. Thus, this model can be successfully applied in Gola watershed for estimation of surface runoff. Number of potential suitable sites of RWHS for Check Dam, Percolation Tank and Farm Pond were found as 44 with the area of 1.2383 km2, 8 with the area of 0.3246 km2 and 78 with the area of 4.1866 km2, respectively. Daily water balance was estimated for Gola watershed using NRCS-CN model. Average runoff volume from Gola watershed was computed as 433.6524 Mm3 with an average runoff coefficient of 32.03 % over ten years. Thus, proposed RWHS could utilize huge amount of available runoff in Gola watershed which reduces the flood, recharges the unconfined aquifer of Bhabar area and provide supplemental irrigation in downside area.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modelling reference evapotranspiration of Pantnagar using various training functions in artificial neural network
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Dumka, Basant Ballabh; Kashyap, P.S.
    Evapotranspiration is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapour in a cropfield. Evapotranspiration is one of the most significant hydrological processes that need to be quantified precisely for various purposes in agriculture and water resources. It plays an important role in proper planning, operation and management of available water resources, because a considerable amount of water is lost through evapotranspiration. The main objective of this study was to estimate climate based reference evapotranspiration on daily basis and develop the models using various training functions of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs). This chapter deals with the location and climate of study area, collection of meteorological data and methodology adopted for reference evapotranspiration estimation and modeling it using artificial neural networks for Pantnagar and criteria for evaluating performance of the models is also discussed here. The reference evapotranspiration in 5 years (2011-15) varies from 0.65 to 6.01 within 5 years. The Correlation Coefficient for testing data for LM function is 0.832, for GDM function is 0.976 and for OSS function is 0.981. One Step Secant training function produce the high value of correlation coefficient rather than Levenberg Marquardt. So it is considerd as best model. Gradient Descent with Momentum and One Step Secant training function are almost equally fitted.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stage-discharge and runoff-sediment modelling using soft computing and statistical techniques
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Anita; Pravendra Kumar