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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × Author: Atul Prakash × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of temporally distributed rainfall patterns on runoff-sediment outflow from lands under sorghum and urad crops and with furrow treatment
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Atul Prakash; Akhilesh Kumar
    In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effect of temporally distributed rainfall patterns namely, Uniform rainfall distribution pattern (URDP), Advanced rainfall distribution pattern (ARDP), Delayed rainfall distribution pattern (DRDP) and Intermediate rainfall distribution pattern (IRDP) considering Sorghum and Urad crop lands and also lands treated with along the slope furrow and across the slope furrow on total runoff, average runoff rate, average sediment concentration and average sediment outflow rate under at selected land slopes. The observations were also analyzed to assess the efficacy of above soil biomass and below soil biomass of these cropping systems on runoff and sediment outflow. This study was conducted on experimental plots using artificially generated rainfall with the help of a rainfall simulation system of 3 m × 1 m size. Rainfall distribution pattern were created by using simulated rainfall and the simulator was operated for 30 minutes to provide a total rainfall of 4.4 cm depth. A comparison of observed values of runoff rate and sediment concentration for whole plant plot and below soil bio mass plot clearly revealed that the for whole plant plot, the lowest runoff rate occurred for URDP while the lowest value of sediment concentration was found in case IRDP at 4% land slope. For 8% land slope, the maximum average runoff rate and sediment concentration rate were observed in case of IRDP. This study clearly revealed that in case of below soil mass plot, the minimum value of runoff was observed in case of URDP and maximum was for ARDP at 4% land slope while at 8% land slope the minimum value of runoff was observed in case of IRDP and maximum was for URDP. Similarly, the minimum average sediment concentration in this case was observed as 1236.66 PPM in case of DRDP and the maximum value of sediment concentration was observed as 1483.33 PPM in case of URDP at 4% land slope. At 8% land slope, the minimum and maximum values of runoff were observed in case of IRDP & URDP rainfall pattern while the minimum and maximum values of sediment concentration were observed in case of DRDP and ARDP rainfall pattern respectively. The observations and analysis of the findings clearly indicated that in case of runoff, plot with below soil bio mass provided better reduction as compared to above soil bio mass plot for every rainfall distribution pattern. In case of sediment, however, the situation was not that clear as in case of IRDP and DRDP below soil bio mass plot provided better reduction in sediment concentration but n case of IRDP and ARDP, above soil bio mass plots had an edge over below soil bio mass plot in sediment outflow control. Observed values of total runoff indicated that the highest runoff rate occurred in case of land without any treatment under URDP while the lowest runoff rate occurred in case of lands treated with across the slope. It was also observed that the runoff rate got reduced by more than 50 in case of lands treated with across the slope as compared to lands without any treatment under every rainfall distribution pattern. It was also seen that the across the slope furrow treatment produced lesser runoff rate by 25.925%, 20.833%, 18.309% and 17.46% as compared to along the slope furrow treatment at 4% land slope under URDP, ARDP, DRDP and IRDP respectively.