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Open Access
Soil test crop response studies on integrated nutrient management in direct seeded rice – wheat cropping sequence
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-12) Singh, Vijay Kant; Gautam, Poonam
Field experiments were conducted as per technical programme of AICRP on STCR in B2 block of Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, (290 N latitude, 79029’ E longitude and 243.84 meters above MSL), from rabi 2016-17 to 2018-19 to work out soil test crop response based fertilizer nutrient requirement for targeted yield of direct seeded rice and wheat in sequence. Prior to test crop experiment whole experimental area was divided into three equal strips and soil fertility gradient created artificially by applying graded doses of nutrients in these strips and wheat was grown as an exhaust crop during rabi 2016-17. Test crop of direct seeded rice and wheat in sequence were grown during 2017-18 after dividing each strip in 24 plots (21 treatments and 3 controls). Crop response to selected combinations of four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1), four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1), four levels of potassium (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha-1) and three levels of FYM (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) in different fertility strips was studied. After test crop experiment, verification experiment was also conducted during 2018-19 to study the effect of nutrient management practices on yield, nutrient content, uptake, fertilizer economics, nutrient use efficiency and soil fertility in direct seeded rice-wheat cropping sequence. The value of soil organic carbon, alkaline KMnO4-N, Olsen’s-P and NH4OAc-K ranged between 0.314 to 0.971 percent, 125.44 to 200.70 kg ha-1, 14.37 to 21.74 kg ha-1 and 122.08 to 173.60 kg ha-1, respectively before the test crop experiment on direct seeded rice while, before test crop wheat, these values ranged between 0.457 to 0.886 percent, 112.90 to 238.34 kg ha-1, 13.63 to 24.32 kg ha-1 and 133.28 to 212.80 kg ha-1, respectively. Grain yield of direct seeded rice and wheat varied from 22.73 to 67.05 and 6.82 to 64.77 q ha-1, respectively. Average uptake of N, P and K by direct seeded rice was 87.64, 19.25 and 131.55 kg ha-1 while, in wheat it was 84.76, 17.24 and 84.15 kg ha-1, respectively. Nutrient requirement to produce one quintal grain yield of direct seeded rice was 2.01 kg N, 0.440 kg P and 3.06 kg K while for wheat 2.16 kg N, 0.447 kg P and 2.29 kg K. Percent contribution of N, P and K from soil was 22.05, 37.34 and 41.48 in direct seeded rice and 12.02, 14.82 and 11.00 in wheat, respectively. Whereas, from FYM it was 23.25, 28.34 and 16.80 percent in direct seeded rice, 12.83, 19.48 and 35.07 percent in wheat for N, P and K, respectively. Percent contribution of N, P and K from fertilizer was 38.08, 49.93, 252.98 in direct seeded rice and 53.54, 60.24 and 231.84 in wheat, respectively. Percent contribution from combined use of fertilizer and FYM was 44.83, 60.57 and 278.70 in direct seeded rice and 60.26, 70.66 and 275.41 in wheat for N, P and K, respectively. Fertilizer nutrient prescription equations for targeted yield of direct seeded rice and wheat were developed with and without FYM and it was found that for a particular yield target fertilizer nutrient requirement decreased with increasing soil test values, however for a particular soil test value nutrient requirement increased with increasing yield targets. Application of FYM reduced the fertilizer nutrient requirement for both the crops. Coefficient of determination was found highly significant (0.341** in direct seeded rice and 0.880** in wheat) by taking grain yield as dependent variable, while soil test values, added fertilizer nutrients and their interactions as independent variables. Post harvest prediction equations were also developed for predicting soil test value for available N, P and K after direct seeded rice, after wheat and after whole sequence. Less deviation was found between observed and predicted soil test value indicated the validity of post harvest soil test equations. Results of verification experiment clearly indicated the superiority of STCR target yield approach over other nutrient management practices to improve yield, economics and soil fertility in direct seeded rice-wheat cropping sequence. Therefore, findings of present study may be used for fertilizer nutrient prescription in similar type of soils and climate after its verification at farmer’s fields.
Open Access
Effect of foliar and soil application of nutrients on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status in rice crop
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Martolia, Ankita; Pant, A.K.
The experiment entitled “EFFECT OF FOLIAR AND SOIL APPLICATION OF NUTRIENTS ON YIELD,NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND SOIL NUTRIENT STATUS IN RICE CROP ” was undertaken during kharif season of 2018 at Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (290 N latitude and 790 29’ E longitude). Ten different treatments viz. T1-Control(No fertilizer), T2-50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (60:30:20)kg N,P2O5,K2O/ha, T3-75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer(90:45:30)kg N,P2O5, K2O/ha, T4-100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer(120:60:40)kg N,P2O5,K2O/ha, T5-50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer+foliar spray @ 0.5% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage, T6-75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer+foliar spray @0.5% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage, T7-100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer+foliar spray @ 0.5%urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage, T8-50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer +foliar spray @ 1% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage, T9-75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer+foliar spray @ 1% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage, T10- 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizer+foliar spray @ 1% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage with three replications were laid out in randomized block design. Soil and crop parameters of rice were taken studied and analyzed to achieve the objectives of the experiment. In this experiment urea was used for foliar spray. The rate of urea applied was 2.3 kg/ha for 1% urea and 1.15 kg/ha for 0.5% urea at tillering, panicle initiation and heading stage. The result showed that soil and foliar application of nitrogen significantly influenced the growth and yield attributing characters viz. dry matter accumulation, no. of effective tillers per plant, no. of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield. Plant height was found highest in T7. The treatment T10 produced the highest grain yield (5.4 t /ha).The treatment T7 produced the highest straw yield (6.9 t /ha) of the crop. The lowest grain yield of (2.95 t/ha) and lowest straw yield of (4.54 t /ha) were recorded in treatment T1 (control).The N, P, K concentrations of rice grain and straw influenced significantly by soil and foliar application of urea. Soil properties i.e. pH, EC and organic carbon status after harvest were found non-significant with different treatments. Available N, P and K status were 274 kg /ha, 24.1 kg /ha and 114 kg /ha before sowing and the maximum soil available nitrogen (294.2 kg /ha), phosphorus (31.1 kg /ha) and potassium (134.9 kg /ha) status after harvest was recorded with treatment T10.The agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity was maximum in treatment T5. The overall results demonstrated that T10 treatment was better for obtaining higher grain yield, straw yield, higher NPK content of rice, soil nutrient status. Hence, soil application of recommended dose of urea can be replaced by soil application of urea coupled with three times foliar spray of urea solution for sustainable rice yield.
Open Access
Effects of long term fertilization on rice and wheat productivity, nutrients uptake, physico-chemical and biological properties of soil in relation to weather conditions
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Vineet Kumar; Shri Ram
A Study was conducted during 2016-17 to assess the soil quality and relationship between soil quality indices with crop productivity in an ongoing long term fertilizer experiment at Norman. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. To achieve the objectives of the study soil samples were collected from each plot from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm depth after harvesting of rice and wheat crops and were analyzed for soil physico-chemical and biological properties. Results showed that continuous application of 100% NPK in combination with FYM@ 15 t ha-1 gave highest grain yield of rice (51.87 q ha-1) and wheat (48.60 q ha-1) which was significantly higher than all other fertilizer treatments. The soil organic carbon declined in control up to one third (0.62 per cent) from initial organic carbon (1.48%), whereas combined use of NPK fertilizers and FYM restored its initial status. Availability of all macro and micro nutrients was decreased with the increase in soil depths. Avoiding P, K and Zn application with continuous cropping, drastically reduced their availability in soil in both surface and subsurface soil. Physical properties of soil viz. BD, WHC, SHC and MWD were also improved with integrated nutrient management system. Soil biological properties were better under 100% NPK+FYM @ 15 t ha-1 compared to alone mineral fertilizer application and control. Highest soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity (353.61 and 365.22 μg TPF 24 h-1 g-1 soil) was observed in FYM amended treatment followed by balanced application of fertilizers (312.64 and 327.02 22 μg TPF 24 h-1 g-1 soil) after rice and wheat harvest, respectively. Physical, Chemical and Biological indices and soil quality after rice and wheat harvest with balanced and imbalanced alone mineral fertilizer or with FYM was significantly correlated with each other as well as productivity of rice and wheat crops. Available Zn content showed significant regression coefficient for contribution in improving the yields of both rice and wheat. A good soil quality index values were observed under 100% NPK+FYM and balanced application of fertilizer treatments (100% NPK+Zn). Continuous increase in minimum temperature and decrease in bright sunshine hours believed to decrease rice and wheat grain yield. Similarly SOC, available NPK decreased and bacterial population in soil increased by all fertilizer treatments as compared to control. The results indicated that integrated use of chemical fertilizer along with FYM and balanced use of fertilizer nutrients for rice-wheat cropping on a Mollisols is a sustainable nutrients management practice to the farmers.
Open Access
Zinc bio-fortification and yield enhancement of urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) through nutrient mobilizing microorganisms
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Tewari, Girja Shanker; Pareek, Navneet
A field experiment comprising eleven treatments was conducted during kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) to study on zinc bio-fortification and enhancement of urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) productivity through nutrient mobilizing microorganisms. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Two Zn solubilizing fungal strains from Zn deficient soils (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.) and two bacterial strains (B. megaterium and B. subtilis) were procured and tested for their P and Zn solubilizing abilities both qualitatively and quantitatively. Changes in pH of medium were observed over a period of 15 days incubation due to secretion of organic acid by the strains. Maximum drop in pH (4.4) was observed with Aspergillus sp. Qualitative and quantitative assays revealed that Penicillium sp. was found most powerful and significant mobilizer among the four cultures in case of both P and Zn solubilization. Results revealed that root nodulation viz. number and dry weight of nodule was maximum with T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF) at all the stages of plant growth. The maximum plant height at 30, 45, 60 DAS and plant dry weight at 30 DAS was recorded in T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF) while, maximum plant dry weight at 45 and 60 DAS was noted in T10- Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 14.0 kg/ha + RDF. Maximum average and significant yield attributes viz., number of seed per pod (6.00 seed/pod) and 1000-seed weight (33.60 g) was noted from T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF) whereas, T7- Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + RDF resulted in longest pods (4.98 cm) and T10 Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 14.0 kg/ha + RDF recorded maximum number of pod per plant (51.67 pods per plant). The maximum average grain yield, straw yield and harvest index i.e. 1219.4, 1337.5 kg ha-1 and 47.7 % were found under T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF) treatment. A significant increase in N, P and Zn content and uptake by grain and straw was also recorded under T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF). Significant effect of zinc bio-fortification and combined application of nutrient mobilizers has been observed on available N, P, K, S, Zn and organic carbon in soil and maximum numerical value was recorded with the treatment T11 (Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 28.0 kg/ha + RDF). The microbial analysis of soil suggested that maximum Actinomycetes (5.49 x 105 CFU g-1 soil) and fungal (12.78 x 104 CFU g-1 soil) population was observed in T7- Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + RDF, bacterial population (17.29 x 107 CFU g-1 soil) in T8 (Zn Nm + PGPR + T3), while, highest soil dehydrogenase activity (87.84 μg TPF/ 24 hr/ g soil) was noted from T10- Rhizobium + Zn Nm + PGPR + ZnO @ 14.0 kg/ha + RDF.
Open Access
Carbon sequestration and soil quality index under different cropping systems in tarai region of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-05) Meena, Shiv Singh; Srivastava, Ajaya
A field experiment was conducted during the crop season, 2016-17 and 2017-18 at two different sites of GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, in the first site i.e. Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, four treatments were taken in an ongoing Long Term Fertilizer Experiment, and the second site was Agroforestry Research Centre, where two treatments were taken from poplar and eucalyptus based agroforestry systems and analyzed in randomized block design with four replication. Continuous application of inorganic fertilizers alone or integration with any of the organics did not influence soil pH. The highest soil organic carbon, N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg and DTPA extractable micronutrient (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) recorded under treatment T3-100 % RDF + FYM (LTFE) at surface and sub surface soil during both the year after kharif and rabi. The soil organic carbon and plant essential nutrients were decreased with increase in soil depth which may be assigned to the addition of FYM and crop residues on the soil surface. However, the highest EC was recorded under treatment T5-Poplar based agroforestry. The highest microbial count, dehydrogenase activity, was found in 100 % RDF + FYM treated plot (T3) followed by T5 and T4 whereas, the lowest value was observed in control plot. The lowest bulk density and particle density at surface and sub surface soil was recorded in 100% NPK + FYM @ 15 t ha-1 treated plot (T3), whereas, the highest value was observed in the control plot (T1). The highest mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, hydraulic conductivity and water holding capacity at surface and sub surface soil was observed in FYM along with 100% NPK fertilizer treated plot (T3). The inorganic fertilizers with organic manure maintained or improved soil quality and soil health in comparison to application of NPK fertilizers alone. A marked increase in the active and passive carbon fractions was noticed in all the treatment except NPK treated plot and unfertilized plots. Carbon sequestration was observed to be highest order in NPK+FYM treated plots followed by poplar based cropping system. Correlation studies revealed that carbon fractions of soil (active and passive fractions) helps in nutrient release, restoration and transformation. It is concluded that continuous application of inorganic fertilizers alone could not sustain the soil fertility status and productivity. Therefore, integrated nutrient management in continuous cropping system and agroforestry based cropping systems proved effective for sustainability of soil on long term basis.
Open Access
Augmenting phosphorus acquisition through PSB inoculation for improved yield and soil quality under chickpea + coriander intercropping
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-02) Upadhyay, Sandeep Prakash; Pareek, Navneet
The present investigation was carried out during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Norman E. Borlogue Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to study the effect of PSB and P - levels on the growth, yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(var. PG-186) and to find out the effect of intercropping of coriander (var. Pant Haritima-1) on chickpea yield. The experimental design used were split plot design in which the main plots represented the planting pattern and sub plots represented the P – level. The experiment comprising16 treatments in combinations of 4 planting pattern and 4 levels of phosphorous.crop were raised by following standard agronomic practices and 30 cm. row spacing was maintained. Main plot comprises four cropping pattern (Chickpea sole, Coriander sole, Chickpea + co riander (3:1) in replacement series and Chickpea + coriander (4:2) in replacement series) and sub plots (Control, 30 kg P2O5/ha alone, 30 kg P2O5/ha + PSB and 45 kg P2O5/ha) were the split plot design used to observed the effect of intercropping of coriander on chickpea yield and to find the effect of PSB for phosphorus acquisition, soil quality and improved yield of chickpea. It was observed that treatments P30+PSB and P30 were statistically at par in nodule number, nodule dry weight and plant dry weight and significantly more over P0 and P45 treatments. Similarly P30+PSB and P30 treatments were at par in grain, straw and biological yield and significantly more over P0 and P45 treatments and in cropping patterns whereas sole chickpea were significantly more than chickpea intercropping with coriander in 3:1 and 4:2 cropping pattern ratio. Both the sole crops (chickpea and coriander) gave significantly higher seed yield (2406 kg/ha in 2013-14 and 2488 kg/ha in 2014-15, respectively by chickpea) as compared to all other intercropping systems. The 4:2 cropping ratio, recorded significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield (39.07 q/ha in 2013-14 and 39.68 q/ha in 2014-15). In post harvest soil samples significant maximum available nitrogen per hectare was obtained under 3:1 ratio of chickpea+ coriander plots followed by chickpea+ coriander 4: 2 ratio and sole chickpea plots. While comparing different P levels indicated that significant maximum available nitrogen per hectare was obtained in P0 treatment followed by P30, P45 and P30+PSB treatment respectively. It was revealed that number of bacteria observed more in 3:1 cropping pattern ratio plots as compared to other cropping pattern during both the crops. Soil sample collected at harvest from the treatments P30+PSB and P30 treatments were at par in number of bacteria and significantly more as compare to other treatments. Phosphatase activity and PSB counts of chickpea intercropping with coriander in 3:1 were found significantly more than other cropping pattern ratio during both the years. The P30+PSB and P45 treatments were at par in phosphatase activity and significantly more over P0 and P30 treatments, respectively during both the years. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by grain and straw of sole chickpea were significantly more than chickpea intercropping with coriander in 3:1 and 4:2 cropping pattern ratio during both the years. The benefit cost ratio of chickpea intercropping with coriander in 4:2 were significantly more (4.94 in 2013-14 and 5.03 in 2014-15) than chickpea intercropping with coriander in 3:1 cropping pattern ratio and sole cropping during both the years. The P30+PSB and P45 treatments were at par in benefit cost ratio and significantly more (6.02 in 2013-14 and 6.13 in 2014-15) over P0 and P30 treatments, respectively during both the years.
Open Access
Effect of conjoint use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on soil properties, yield and uptake of nutrients in French bean and wheat under poplar based agroforestry system
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Rana, Susmita; Paul, Jai
The investigation was undertaken during 2017-18 to study the effect of conjoint use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient on soil properties, yield and uptake of nutreints in french bean and wheat under poplar based agroforestry system at at old site of Agroforestry Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, The experiment comprised of nine different treatments having different combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient sources which were replicated 3 times in randomized block design. The experimental soil was an Aquic Hapludoll with sandy loam texture. The soil sample were collected from surface and subsurface soil and results revealed the highest amount of organic carbon (1.52%), SOC stock (31.34 Mg ha-1), available N (340.77 kg ha-1), available P (24.93 kg ha-1), available K (239.68 kg ha-1) , DHA (384.52 μg TPF g-1 soil 24 h-1), phosphatase activity (292.59 μg PNP g-1 soil h-1) and SMBC (381.81 μg g-1 soil) was observed in treatment T7 (50% N through VC + FYM + 50% through RDF + inoculum) after harvesting of french bean. While after harvesting of the wheat crop, the highest amount of organic carbon (1.50%), SOC stock (28.94 Mg ha-1), available N (338.68 kg ha-1), available P (24.61 kg ha-1), available K (238.56 kg ha-1) , DHA (347.10 μg TPF g-1 soil 24 h-1), phosphatase activity (260.89 μg PNP g-1 soil h-1) and SMBC (365.42 μg g-1 soil) was observed in treatment T8 (100% NPK + FYM+ VC). The highest plant height (55.63cm), number of pods per plant (37.66), pod length (13.60 cm) and number of grains per pod (6.66) in french bean were observed in the T7 (50% N through VC + FYM + 50% through RDF + inoculum). While in wheat crop the highest plant height (96.77 cm), spike length (10.31 cm) and number of grain per ear (50.00) were recorded with the T8 (100% NPK + VC + FYM). The highest grain yield (25.5 q/ha), straw yield (29.53 q/ha) and biological yield (55.03 q/ha) of french bean were observed in treatment T7. On the other hand the highest grain yield (37.14 q/ha), straw yield (65.17 q/ha) and biological yield (102.31 q/ha) of wheat were recorded with the T8 (100% NPK + VC + FYM). Therefore, from this experiment it is concluded that the conjoint use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrient i.e. T7 and T8 in french bean and wheat crop, respectively significantly improved the soil physiochemical, biological properties, crop growth, yield and nutrient uptake.
Open Access
Effect of promising rhizobia and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) under water stress condition
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Lalit Kumar; Raverkar, K.P.
The investigation was carried during 2018-2019 to study the effect of promising rhizobia and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) under water stress condition. Pot experiment was conducted during kharif season of the year 2018 at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment comprised sixteen treatment combinations having different rhizobial and plant growth promoting rhizobacterial isolates, with and without water stress at R5 stage which were replicated three times in completely randomized block design. The experiment soil was silty clay loam. Inoculation with PGPR isolate Pant 6, across the moisture regimes, supported the highest shoot length (122.67 cm) at R5 stage. Whereas under moisture stress condition dual inoculation with B. lianigense + Pant 6 produced the higher shoot length. Dual inoculation of B. dequigense + Pant 6 resulted in highest root length (79.00 cm) at R5 stage under moisture stress condition. Inoculation with B. lianigense supported the highest number of nodules (124 plant-1) under moisture stress condition. Overall dual inoculation with B. lianigense + Pant 6 (PGPR) resulted highest root volume (54.67 cm3 plant-1) at R5 stage similar result were obtained under moisture stress condition. Inoculation with B. lianigense +Pant 6 (PGPR) supported highest number of trifoliate leaves (40.22 plant -1) under moisture stress condition. Highest shoot dry weight was recorded with B. lianigense under moisture stress condition at R5 stage as well as at harvest. B. lianigense supported the highest dry root biomass under normal as well as moisture stress condition. B. dequigense + Pant 6 supported highest leaf chlorophyll ‘a’ in leaves (16.43 mg g-1) whereas under moisture stress Pant 2 + Pant 6 supported highest chlorophyll ‘b’ in leaves. Under normal as well as moisture stress conditions highest leaf relative water content was recorded with dual inoculation of Pant 2 + Pant 6. Under moisture stress Pant 6 (PGPR) recorded the highest leaf proline content(0.54%).Under moisture stress condition highest grain yield (10.40 g plant-1) was recorded with inoculation of B. dequigense + Pant 6 followed by with B.lianigense. It can be deduced from the study that inoculation with Bradyrhizobium lianigense, B. dequigense and Pant 6 (PGPR) under both the water regimes enhanced RWC in leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry biomass production and nutrient concentration and their uptake and yield. Under moisture stress microbial inoculants increased the proline content in leaves over uninoculated control. The results of the study indicate the potential of the promising rhizobial isolates alone or together with PGPR to mitigate the temporary moisture stress of 8-10 days in soybean.
Open Access
Characterization and screening of rhizobacterial isolates for their biocontrol activity against web blight and wilt diseases in mungbean
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Lohani, Abha; Pareek, Navneet
The beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms have great potential to promote plant growth directly through their plant growth promoting traits and indirectly by suppressing the pathogens. These rhizobacteria employ various mechanisms to control pathogens. In this study the rhizobacterial isolates procured from Soil Microbilogy Laboratorty, Department of Soil Science, Central Analytical Laboratory and were tested for their biocontrol potential. They were undertaken various PGP and biochemical tests to study their antagonism against Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia solani causing wilt and web blight in mungbean. Further they were screened for antagonisms using dual culture plate method and later evaluated for growth promoting parameters using rolled paper towel method on 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Antagonistic activity on plates revealed that suppression of mycelia growth for both the pathogen ranged from 4 % to 69 % for Fusarium moniliforme and 21% to 80% for Rhizoctonia solani. Based on the results on plates 4 rhizobacterial isolates KB 133 (Stenotrophomonas rhizophilia), LG(2)RS1NA, BM (Bacillus megaterium) and 17 LA were selected. Seed treatment of mungbean with the selected isolates for evaluation of seedling growth parameters showed maximum significant increase in root length (116%, 117% for Fusarium moniliforme) and (119%, 128% for Rhizoctonia solani), shoot length (135%, 170% for Fusarium moniliforme) and (124%, 180% for Rhizoctonia solani) with maximum reduction in percentage of dead seeds, infected seedlings and seedling mortality (upto 0.0% for both pathogens) on 7th and 14th day, respectively in comparison to alone inoculation of the pathogens on seeds. Germination percentage was also higher for treatments having inoculation of the rhizobacterial isolates ranging from 94% to 100%. The properties of the isolates like production of IAA, siderophores, HCN, catalase and induction of defense responses helped in pathogen suppression. Thus suppression of pathogen and plant growth promoting abilities of the isolates showed increase in growth parameters. Based on their effect against both the pathogen isolate BM (Bacillus megaterium) was found to be most effective as biocontrol agent followed by LG(2)RS1NA, 17 LA and KB 133 (Stenotrophomonas rhizophilia). The present study revealed the potential role of these bioagents in biocontrol of web blight and wilt diseases in mungbean.

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