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Open Access
Studies on morphological and performance traits of feathered shank local hill fowl
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Sharma, Naresh Chand; Singh, S.K.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and performance traits of feathered shank local hill fowl.” The average body weight at day old, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks of age were 30.84±0.18, 43.81±0.23, 51.83±0.29, 84.27±0.60,107.11±0.52, 185.60±0.70, 251.03±0.82, 373.56±1.62, 513.99±1.71, 585.01±2.21, 737.49±3.83, 879.35±4.81, 965.90±4.94, and 1194.17± 6.25 g. Feathered shank local hill fowl males had prominently mixed colours in their plumage with, black brown gold (43%), followed by black brown, black white, black golden and black red brown white. However, female birds had 50% single colour plumage; most frequent single colour was founded to be black followed by brown, dusty brown and almond colour. Feathered shank females also had notably mixed colour plumage (50%). It was found that feathered shank local hill fowl dominated with single type comb i.e. 99% and 98% in males and females birds, respectively. However, (2%) female birds possess pea type comb and male birds occasionally have rose comb (1%). Ear lobe was found to be mainly white red (46%) followed by yellow red (30%) and red (24%) in colour in feathered shank male hill fowl. However, red colour predominantly distributed (46%) in females followed by white red (44%) and yellow red (10%). Eyes were predominantly brown-black (45% in males and 54% in females), followed by grey-black (44% in males and 34% in females), orange-black (8% in males and 5% in females), total black (3% in males and 4% in females); and grey brown (3% in females only) in feathered shank local hill. The skin colour in feathered shank hill fowl was generally yellow. It was noted that black yellow colour shanks were the more frequently (53% in males and 61% in females) encountered in the feathered shank local hill fowl, followed by yellow shanks (28% in males and 5% females) and white yellow colour shanks (19% in males and 34% in females). The averages of heamoglobin packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocytes count (thousands /cmm), lymphocytes count, heterophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and H: L ratio were found to be 12.94±0.06 g/dl, 39.6±0.25%, 24.04±0.10X103/cmm, 68.98±0.88, 16.40±0.66, 5.03±0.34, 2.46±0.11%, and 0.24±0.01 male birds and 9.73± 0.06 g/%, 31.6± 0.65%, 23.96±0.08 x103/cmm, 68.06±0.71, 10.11±0.83, 14.05±0.61, 4.43±0.14, 2.29±0.16% and 0.21±0.61 in female birds. The averages of total protein, albumin, and globulin, cholesterol, glucose and A: G ratio were 4.62±0.03 g/dl, 1.85±0.01 g/dl, 2.77±0.03 g/dl, 114.51±2.00 mg/dl, 235.62±0.92 mg/dl and 0.67±0.01 in male and 4.14±0.02 g/dl, 1.75±0.00 g/dl, 2.39±0.03 g/dl, 113.421±0.68 mg/dl, 234.38 ±1.64 mg/dl, 0.74 ±0.01 in female, respectively. Fertility, hatchability on the basis of fertile egg set and total egg set were 71.16±1.16, 85.32±1.68 and 60.78±1.70 per cent in feathered local hill fowl, respectively. The average live weight at twenty weeks of age, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, giblet weight, skin weight, feet and shank weight, head weight, feather weight, wing weight and neck weight were 1202.00±37.98, 922.80±31.37, 750.40±28.03, 66.60±1.13, 161.00±1.63,66.4±2.41, 42.20±1.55, 84.00±3.87, 90.60±3.29 and 54.40±2.12 g in male and 1044.00±6.68, 812.00±5.01, 643.00±3.43, 61.80±0.53, 151.00±2.41, 49.8±1.06, 37.80±0.58, 81.00±2.21, 83.2±1.24,and 48.20±1.69g in female, respectively .the average egg weight, shape index, haught units, shell thickness, specific gravity, albumin index, yolk index, albumin weight, albumin volume, yolk weight and shell weight in feathered shank local hill fowl were 52.74±0.62g, 70.61±1.05, 76.22±2.82, 0.38±0.01mm, 1.08±0.03, 0.09±0.01, 0.50±0.01, 27.75±0.74g, 25.70±0.25ml, 16.93±0.37g and 5.02±0.16 g, respectively.
Open Access
Studies on morphological and performance traits of clean shank local hill fowl
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Singh, Abhay Kumar; Singh, D.V.
Present study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and performance traits in clean shank local hill fowl of Nainital region. Clean shank local hill fowls had mixed colour plumage. Most prominent was white colour, followed by black-white, black, golden with black spot, black-brown, brown-gold, black dark green spot on feathers and white with brown. Skin colour was generally yellow, followed by white, and black. Shank colour was mostly yellow, followed by black, white yellow, and white. Earlobe was found to be mainly red and white red. Eyes were predominantly greyblack, followed by black-brown, black and grey in clean shank local hill fowl. Majority of comb colour was found red with a few having pale comb and black colour comb. Mean body weight at day old, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks of age were 31.84±0.24, 47.07±0.40, 57.84±0.38, 81.23±0.74, 114.47±0.53, 176.52±0.70, 267.3±1.02, 380.95±1.12, 526.65±0.93, 628.05±0.91, 762.25±1.17, 923.9±6.0, 1025.45±1.17 and 1206.55±6.26 g, respectively. Mean values of haemoglobin, PCV, TLC, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and H:L ratio at 20 weeks of age were found to be 12.78±0.32 g%, 40.4±0.52%, 2.33±0.032 103/mm3, 67.4±0.94%, 7.5±0.40%, 20.1±0.86%, 4.2±0.35% and 0.29±0.01, respectively in male birds and 10.24±0.48 g%, 38.7±0.36%, 2.33±0.02 103/mm3, 64.4±0.88%, 7.4±0.42%, 23.4±0.83%, 4.7±0.49% and 0.35±0.01, respectively in female birds. Averages of total protein, albumin and globulin, cholesterol, glucose and A:G ratio at 20 weeks of age were 4.12±0.11 g/dl, 1.83±0.08 g/dl, 2.28±0.12 g/dl, 115.05±0.73 mg/dl, 234.04±0.88 mg/dl, 0.82±0.07 in male and 3.85±0.03 g/dl, 1.73±0.08 g/dl, 2.11±0.09 g/dl, 115.24±0.72 mg/dl, 233.25±0.85 mg/dl, 0.84±0.09 in female birds, respectively. Age at first egg laid, fertility, hatchability on the basis of fertile egg set and total egg set were 186.2±1.21 days, 82.0±1.0%, 88.4±0.82% and 74.4±0.82%, respectively in clean shank local hill fowl. Mean live weight, dressed weight, eviscerated weight, weight of giblet, skin, feet and shank, head, feather, wing and neck at 20 weeks of age were 1248±13.52, 974.0±14.42, 788.6±6.55, 61.40±0.65, 165.2±1.43, 70.6±0.96, 46.6±0.42, 87.2±0.81, 94.4±0.82 and 60.4±0.52 g in male and 1277±16.56, 945±21.79, 782±9.65, 60±1.20, 164.8±0.95, 56.2±1.23, 45.6±0.36, 84.0±1.0, 93.4±30.98 and 59.4±0.76 g in female birds, respectively. Average egg weight, shape index, haugh unit, shell thickness, specific gravity, albumin index, yolk index, albumin weight, albumin volume, yolk weight and shell weight in clean shank local hill fowl were 51.41±0.56 g, 72.86±0.12, 78.56±0.45, 0367±0.016 mm, 1.08±0.004, 0.083±0.004, 0.498±0.008, 30.40±0.46 g, 29.5±0.34 ml, 16.80±0.19 g and 6.25±0.18 g, respectively.
Open Access
Studies on viability of sustainable crossbred chicken for backyard farming
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Shukla, Sanjeev Kumar; Ashok Kumar
Backyard poultry farming has been a traditional economic activity in rural areas and rural farmers are accustomed to rear nondescript poultry birds. Keeping the importance of backyard poultry farming (BYPF) for upliftment of rural people, crossing of indigenous and exotic breeds is must to exploit the economic traits of both types of breeds. Current study was conducted on various aspects of BYPF for crosses involving Aseel (A) × Rhode Island Red (RIR), Aseel (A) × Brown Cornish (BC), Kadaknath (K) × Brown Cornish (BC), Kadaknath (K) × Rhode Island Red (RIR) at nineteen villages of Udham singh nagar. Comparative evaluation for production traits as body weight gain and egg production was done among four cross-breds K x BC, A x BC, K x RIR and A x RIR under BYPF. The average body weight at 20 week of age were estimated as 1312.01,1745.27,1161.86 and 1502.36 g, and average annual egg production as 157.44, 140.45, 173.78 and 168.45 for crosses K x BC, A x BC, K x RIR and A x RIR respectively. On the basis of comparative evaluation A x BC was judged best for body weight gain, K x RIR was the best layer and A x RIR was evaluated as best dual purpose crossbred for back-yard poultry farming.
Open Access
Studies on effect of different light source on growth and heat shock protein 70 expression in commercial broiler
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Hajra, Dilip Kumar; Shive Kumar
The experiment was conducted for a period of 6 weeks to evaluate the effects of fluorescent and incandescent light on growth performance, stress response and cost effectiveness. Two hundred commercial broiler chicks were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group I was provided fluorescent light and group II was under incandescent light. Except for first 3 days an 18L:6D regimen with 15 to 20 lux light intensity was maintained throughout the experimental period. Body weight, feed intake were measured and feed conversion ratio, performance index were calculated at weekly intervals up to 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected on 21st and 42nd day of experiment for estimation of cortisol and expression of HSP70. Electrical energy expenditure by the light sources was calculated and profit/loss statement was made after the end of experiment. The results of the experiment indicated that there was significant (P<0.05) improvement in FCR and performance index of broilers under fluorescent light source as compared to incandescent light source from 2nd week onward up to 6th week of age. Significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight was observed under fluorescent light during 5th (1351.20±13.39 g) and 6th (1885.60±15.63 g) week of age. Weekly weight gain was unaffected by fluorescent and incandescent light source but overall weight gain (1840.56±15.76 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fluorescent light. Average daily feed consumption was statistically similar in both experimental groups. In relation to stress response both light source had no appreciable difference in plasma cortisol level and HSP70 expression. As energy expenditure and FCR values were significantly lower in fluorescent light, profit per bird from this group was (Rs. 4.88) more than the bird under incandescent light. It can be concluded from the present investigation that the fluorescent light substantially improves the final weight, FCR and performance index as compared to incandescent light.
Open Access
Comparative studies on growth, carcass and egg quality traits of crossbred chickens in backyard poultry rearing
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-05) Gupta, Chandra Sen; Ashok Kumar
Backyard poultry rearing is one of the most effective methods to assure the availability of poultry eggs and meat in rural areas. The present studies were conducted on various aspects of the backyard poultry rearing for crosses involving indigenous breeds Kadaknath and Aseel as male line and exotic Brown Cornish and Rhode Island Red breeds as female line. Investigations were carried out at six villages of Dineshpur block of Udham Singh Nagar District. Comparative studies on growth, carcass and egg quality traits were evaluated among four crossbreds as Kadaknath × Brown Cornish, Kadaknath × Rhode Island Red, Aseel× Brown Cornish and Aseel × Rhode Island Red. Among the four crossbreds evaluated under backyard poultry rearing, Kadaknath × Brown Cornish was found to be performing well as far as the body weight is concerned. The average body weight at 20 weeks age for crosses Kadaknath × Brown Cornish, Aseel × Brown Cornish, Kadaknath × Rhode Island Red and Aseel × Rhode Island Red were estimated as 1927.70 20.34, 1541.2017.43, 1204.0015.68 and 1279.7020.34 gm, respectively which differed significantly with each other (P<0.05). The average dressing, eviscerated, edible and giblet weight percentage at 20 weeks age for crosses K × BC, A × BC, K × RIR and A × RIR were observed as 75.950.64, 58.361.40, 64.581.77 and 6.210.28; 73.002.13, 57.262.27, 63.772.42 and 5.880.23; 69.982.27, 55.931.82, 62.122.03 and 6.210.97 and 68.643.40, 57.811.92, 64.612.21 and 6.810.53 per cent, respectively. The proximate analysis of deboned meat of crossbred chickens under backyard poultry rearing were estimated to have more crude protein and less ether extract per cent than the earlier report for intensive poultry rearing. On basis of comparative evaluation of egg quality traits, A ×RIR was judged to be the best suitable for egg quality traits among four crossbred chickens. Results revealed that there exists a vast scope of backyard poultry rearing in the Tarai area of Uttaranchal.
Open Access
Studies on production and reproduction traits of different crossbred chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-05) Mondal, Avijit; Patel, M.
A study was conducted to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of 800 crossbred chickens of 6 genetic groups viz., Kadaknath x Rhode Island Red (KxRIR), Aseel x Rhode Island Red (AxRIR), Aseel x Brown Cornish (AxBC), Kadaknath x Brown Cornish (KxBC), Rhode Island Red x Aseel (RIRxA) and Brown Cornish x Kadaknath (BCxK) which were obtained in three hatches at I.P.F., Pantnagar. Weekly body weight was recorded from day old to 10th week for accessing the growth trend. To study the carcass quality traits six birds from each genetic group were slaughtered at 10th week of age. Eggs collected during 2nd week of laying were used for egg quality analysis. Similarly eggs collected from crossing of two genetic groups were used for calculating reproductive performance. Among the six genetic groups, KxBC showed maximum body weight gain (1023 g) marginally followed by AxBC and miminum in KxRIR (762 g) at 10th week of age. In the conformation traits, keel bone length ranged from 7.12 to 7.29 cm, shank length from 6.06 to 6.57 cm, and breast angle from 58.11 to 61.16° respectively. In Kadaknath crosses, day old body weight exhibited positive correlation with all the growth traits except at 10th week of age. All the conformation traits were found to be positively correlated among themselves and were significant. In carcass traits, AxBC and BCxK were superior in live weight attained closely followed by KxBC and minimum in KxRIR which differed significantly. Dressing (%) ranged from 77 to 81 with maximum recording in AxBC followed by RIRxA and KxRIR. In all the six genetic groups similar trend with respect to live, bled and dressed weight was maintained except in AxRIR and RIRxA. In all the three Kadaknath crosses KxRIR, KxBC, and BCxK the weight of the different cut up parts was in the sequence of breast, thigh, back, drumstick, wing and neck in the decreasing order. Genetic group with maximum and minimum giblet weight recorded maximum and minimum in liver and gizzard weight. Mean egg weight ranged from 41.90 to 46.362 g in the six genetic groups with maximum in RIRxA closely followed by BCxK. Maximum albumen index (0.173) was recorded in the eggs laid by KxBC and minimum (0.087) in AxBC. Mean shape index ranged from 0.34 to 0.365 which did not differ significantly between the genetic groups. RIRxA had the heaviest shell weight closely followed by AxRIR and KxBC. Albumen weight was highest in AxRIR closely followed by BCxK and was least for AxBC. Yolk index ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 except in AxBC where it was 0.35. Haugh Unit ranged from 75 to 77 except in BCxK where it was 80.5. The percent hatchability on TES basis ranged from 36.67 to 54.80 and similarly in FES basis from 72.46 to 88.00. Mortality (%) ranged from 2.94 to 4.73. Aseel crosses had marginally lower mortality than Kadaknath crosses.
Open Access
Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal liver stimulant on the performance of commercial broilers
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-06) Bisht, Kavita; Singh, S.K.
Open Access
Effect of Thermal Humidity Index (THI) on growth performances and immunocompetence in turkey and guinea fowl
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Elizabeth Yhome, K.; Atheya, U.K.
Turkey and Guinea fowl, apart from being an important germplasm resume for America and African country respectively, is being looked as a potential protein for developing and under developing countries and India is having a great scope in this context. In the present study experiments were undertaken with five groups each of Turkeys and Guinea fowl comprising of 5 and 20 birds respectively were taken to assess the effect of hot-humid and hot-dry seasons on their growth rate, fertility, hatchability, mortality, haematological parameter, immunity and endocrine function. Temperature and relative humidity of the environment outside and inside the bird houses were recorded separately in both seasons and THI was calculated. Environmental THI during hot dry ranged between 60-79 and during hot humid ranged between 74-84 and THI inside the bird‘s houses ranged between 59-93. There was no significant effect on growth rate when THI was in the range of 61-71, the Turkey and Guinea fowl were quite comfortable, but when THI went above 83, it show signs of stress and bird‘s begin to pant out. Fertility and hatchability show significant (P<0.05) variation probably due to seasonal breeding pattern, age of bird, photoperiod etc. There were slight changes in haematological parameters in both seasons; changes observed may be due to age, sex and nutritional status. Antibody titre was significantly higher (P<0.05) in both Turkey and Guinea fowl except during May and June. Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) estimation were performed in hot-dry season in Turkey and Guinea fowl and no significant differences was observed except that morning T3 and T4 were significantly higher then afternoon T3 and T4. From the above study as conclusion it can be inferred that rearing Turkey and Guinea fowl would be economical at farmers level, but more, studies need to be conducted during the hot humid season especially May – June and various measures of amelioration of heat stress need to be practiced during the hotter climates of Tarai and Tarai like regions.
Open Access
Prophylaxis against salmonellosis through Salmonella toxoid vaccine and competitive exclusion
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-08) Gammi, Taking; Ashok Kumar
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the immunoprophylaxis efficacy of Salmonella toxoid vaccine by the various routes of administration- subcutaneously and orally to individual chick and orally through drinking water to chicks ageing 21 days by dividing into four groups. The blood sera were assessed upto 90th DPV by ELISA test, also challenge test were conducted by dividing the four groups into eight subgroups and challenged with S. Weltevreden and S.Gallinarum @ 4 x 109 c.f.u. The clinical symptoms with mortality pattern were studied upto 30th DPC and the liver, caeca and spleen samples were collected from the birds died of challenge infection and the sacrificed survivor for bacteriological examination. The maximum humoral antibody titres were obtained from the subcutaneously vaccinated birds and the 90-100% protection were afforded by the vaccine. The mortality pattern of vaccinated and control birds were also studied and compared. The passive transfer of maternal antibodies were assessed by detecting the saline extraction of antibodies in the egg yolk which obtained a high antibody titres. Also protective efficacy of maternal antibodies were evaluated by the challenge test which obtained a 90-100% protection. The cross-protection against E.coli was evaluated by challenging the four groups of birds by the commonly occurring E.coli serovars 0-78 @ 4 x 109 c.f.u intraperitoneally on 21st DPC, which obtained a 83.33% protection. The protective efficacy of one year old vaccine were evaluated by ELISA test, AGPT and challenge test. The equal antibody titres of freshly prepared vaccine were obtained from the sera collected on 21st DPV and precipitation line was obtained in between the serum of vaccinated birds and antigen, also 90-100% protection were afforded by the vaccine. The prophylaxis against salmonellosis by the competitive exclusion (probiotic) was studied and obtained a improvement of growth rate, gained in body weight by the probiotic feed chicks of day old upto a Av. Wt. gain of 5gm/chick. Also, gave cross-immunity and powerful degree of competitive exclusion between two or more serovar were obtained.

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