Loading...
Theses
Browse
18 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Influence of silicon solubilizers on physiological and biochemical attributes in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-12) Joshi, Neeraj; Shankhdhar, S.C.Rice is a global grain for more than 60% of the world’s population. As the population continues to expand, the demand for food crops also continues to increase. Susceptibility to pest and disease infestation along with environmental stress leads to yield loss. Silicon being, second most abundant element in the earth provides resistance to disease, pest infestation and also alleviates water stress thereby improving resistance of plants against lodging. To study the influence of silicon solubilizers on physiological and biochemical attributes in rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted in Norman E. Bourlog Crop Research Center, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during kharif season 2016 with different rice genotypes namely, PA-6129, PA-6201, PA 6444, PHB-71, US-312 and BPT-5204. The field experiment was carried out in three separate blocks i.e. control, soil (imidazole) and foliar (silixol) application with randomized block design. All genotypes were transplanted in these blocks with three replications each. The plots were separated from each other with proper spacing (20×10 cm) and the experimental field was bordered by proper bunds. Soil and foliar application of silicon solubilizers was done at tillering, panicle initiation and flowering. Both the form of silicon solubilizer applications showed increase in morphological, agronomical and biochemical parameters except amylose content. Pest and diseases infestation was reduced significantly more in foliar than soil application. Maximum increase in plant height at flowering was recorded for PA-6444 (11.87%) by foliar application. Maximum increase in total dry matter was observed in PA-6444 (49.59%) by foliar application. Foliar application showed maximum increase (19.40%) in panicle weight (g m-2) at flowering. Harvest index showed maximum increase by foliar application 12.39% in PHB-71 compared to control. In foliar application, PHB-71 (94.04%) showed maximum increase in protein content. The maximum decrease in dead heart infestation was observed in foliar application 82.35% as compared to control. From the experiment performed, it was found that PHB-71 and PA-6444 were most efficient in utilizing both the forms of silicon solubilizers as they showed maximum harvest index and reduced disease and pest infestation. BPT-5204 and US-312 were found to be more susceptible as the grain yield was found minimum and maximum disease and pest infestation as compared to other varieties, under soil and foliar application of silicon solubilizers.ThesisItem Open Access Biology and management of Argemone mexicana, Solanum nigrum and Polygonum plebeium(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Ganghariya, Priyanka; Guru, S.K.ThesisItem Open Access Elucidation of seed germination in different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under multiple abiotic stresses(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Bushra; Shankhdhar, DeeptiThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under different nitrogen doses(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Chandra, Tanvi; Shankhdhar, DeeptiRice is the oldest domesticated grain and serves as a staple food for almost 50% of the world’s population. As the population increases day by day, the demand for food crops also increase. Nitrogen is the key nutrient element limiting the yield of rice. Use of nitrogenous fertilizers by the farmers to enhance yield is the major concern of today because of the excessive use of these fertilizers has led to bad impact on the crops as well as the environment. Nitrogen deficiency in soil is also be problematri. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen doses (N0, N50 and N100) on physiological and biochemical parameters of 12 genotypes of rice namely RNUE 1 (Vardhan × BPT 5204/6), RNUE 2 (Vardhan × BPT 5204/10), RNUE 3 (Sampada × Jaya/2), RNUE 4 (Sampada × Jaya/3), RNUE 5 (Vardhan ×MTU 1010/2), RNUE 6 (Rasi × Jaya/2), RNUE 7 (Vardhan), RNUE 8 (BPT-5204), RNUE 9 (Sampada), RNUE 10 (Jaya), RNUE 11 (MTU 1010) and RNUE 12 (Rasi) which was conducted during the Kharief season of 2016. On increasing the nitrogen dose, physiological parameters such as, plant height, tiller numbers, LAI, flag leaf length & width, spikelet number & grain number, panicle weight & number, shoot weight, TDM, 1000 grain weight, economic and biological yield were enhanced with increasing nitrogen doses when compared with control. The biochemical parameter such as chlorophyll content, NR activity (in leaves) protein (in seeds) of different genotypes were also found to be increased with increasing concentration of nitrogen. Among all the genotypes maximum economic yield was observed in RNUE 10 (Jaya) under N50 and RNUE 4 (Sampada × Jaya/3) under N100 dose However, RNUE 10 (Jaya) was found to be the most nitrogen use efficient genotype.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological and biochemical parameters for tolerance to high temperature in some rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Ansari, Sadaf; Bains, GurdeepRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major staple foods which feed half the world’s population. Asia accounts for over 90% of the world’s production of rice. As the world’s population is increasing, more rice production will be required so there is a challenge to increase yield of rice. The rise of global temperature is affecting the growth and productivity of rice crop. Flowering and seed development stages of rice crop are sensitive to high temperature stress and produce sterile spikelets, unfilled and chalky grains which decrease the quantity and quality of rice seeds. To evaluate physiological and biochemical response of different rice genotype under high temperature stress, the field experiment was conducted in Norman E., Bourlog Crop Research Centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar during Kharif season 2016 with 32 rice genotypes namely IET 24053, IET 24705, IET 24796, IET24040, Gontra Bidhan-3(NC), IET 24798, IET 24708, US 314 (HC), Sahbhagidhan, IET 24797, IET 23356, IET 23947, NH-210, NH-219, NH-363, 142(S), 175-2 (K), S-458, 377-24, DRR Dhan-43, NDR-97, Luit, PR-124, Somali, GQ-25, IR-82635-B-B-47-1, MRC-603-383, IR-55178, SG-26120, IR-82310-B-B67-2, IET 23354 and IET 23996.These genotypes were transplanted into 2 blocks, one for control and another for imposing high temperature stress by a poly sheet tunnel supported by bamboo sticks and both the ends of the poly sheet tunnel were open for ventilation. High temperature stress treatment was given at the time of flowering. A thermometer was fixed to record the daily maximum and minimum temperature inside the poly sheet tunnel. Under high temperature stress condition, different physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded from vegetative to harvesting stages. At flowering, plant height was increased whereas tiller numbers decreased, while at flowering and maturity stage total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’, leaf weight, stem weight, leaf area index, shoot weight, total dry matter, panicle weight, panicle number / m2, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, harvest index (%), grain number / panicle, spikelet number / panicle, grain number / m2 and spikelet number / m2 was decreased in most of the rice genotypes among all 32 genotypes. Protein content, carbohydrate content, amylose content decreased but phenol content increased in response to high temperature stress in different 10 rice genotypes. Under control as well as high temperature stress condition, the genotype IR-82310-B-B67-2 was concluded as more tolerant towards the high temperature stress in compared to other genotypes because it showed significant enhancement in grain yield, 1000 grain weight, HI (%), amylose content, carbohydrate content, protein content and phenol content. So this temperature tolerant rice genotype can be further explored for the molecular mechanism, responsible for heat tolerance and for better yield production of rice crop. However, genotype NH-219 was very sensitive towards the high temperature stress in compared to control and other rice genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Physiological and biochemical characterization of rice genotypes for low light stress tolerance(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Rawat, Pratibha; Bains, GurdeepRice is a global food for more than 60% of the world’s population. It is very sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, light, drought etc. during critical stages of growth, such as flowering and seed development. Low light stress is an important constraint for rice productivity in Southeast Asia. For physiological and biochemical characterization of rice genotypes for low light stress tolerance, a field experiment was conducted in Norman E. Bourlog crop research center, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during kharif season 2016 with different rice genotypes, namely, IET 24195, IET 24183, IET 24189, IET 24188, Vivekdhan 86, IET 24197, IET 24192, IET 25149, IET 25157, Shalimar Rice 3, IET 25144, IET 25154, IET 27P63, US-314, Tulasi and Swarnaprabha, respectively. These genotypes were transplanted in two blocks, one for control and another block for imposing low light stress by covering the block with 50 % shade net supported by bamboo sticks. Both the entry ends were open for sufficient ventilation. A number of parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf area, chlorophyll, protein, carbohydrate, amylose, phenol and Zinc content, grain yield, thousand grain weight and spikelet fertility, total dry matter, root length, root weight, stem weight, panicle number were recorded in different rice genotypes and it was found that except plant height and chlorophyll content, all the parameters reduced significantly under low light stress. The genotypic variations in these characteristics were also found. Some genotypes showed tolerance for low light stress and some were found to be susceptible. Finally the grain yield, harvest index, number of filled spikelet and percent spikelet fertility indicated that low light stress adversely affected these parameters. The low light stress tolerant genotypes performed better in terms of filled grain numbers and percent spikelet fertility per panicle, harvest index as compared to susceptible genotypes. In present study, US-314, IET 27P63, and Swarnaprabha were found to be tolerant. Low light stress effect on soil microbial community was also studied by molecular methods like RT PCR and DGGE and it was found that low light stress significantly reduced the soil microbial community as compared to control conditions.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different doses of nitrogen on yield and grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa l.) genotypes(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Das, Sudeshna; Shankhdhar, S.C.Rice is one of the most important agricultural crops which serve as a staple food crop for almost 50% of the people existing in the world. As the population continues to expand, the demand for food crops also continues to increase. Injudicious use of nitrogenous fertilizers by the farmers in order to increase the yield has led to a detrimental impact on the crop as well as the environment. A field experiment was conducted during the kharief season of 2015 to evaluate the responses of different nitrogen doses (N0, N50 and N100) on the various morphological characteristics (plant height, harvest index, yield, chlorophyll and nitrogen content), yield attributes and grain quality in six genotypes namely NBTPP-1 (Varadhan X BPT5204/6), NBTPP-4 (Sampada X Jaya/3), NBTPP-6 (Rasi X Jaya/2), NBTPL-1 (Varadhan), NBTPL-3 (Sampada) and NBTPL-5 (MTU-1001) were observed. Maximum plant height at tillering was recorded for NBTPL-5 (55.56 cm) at N100 level and minimum height was observed for NBTPL-3 (38.22 cm) at N0 level. Maximum height at flowering was observed for NBTPL-5 (139.11 cm) at N100 level and minimum height was observed for NBTPP-6 (85.22 cm) at N0 level. Maximum harvest index was observed for NBTPL-1 (45.35 %) at N50 level and minimum harvest index was observed for NBTPL-5 (30.99 %) at N0 level. Yield and chlorophyll content was found to be highest at N100 and lowest for N0. Nitrogen content was highest for NBTPP-1 (1.53 %) at N100 level and minimum for NBTPP-6 (1.30 %) at N0 level. Silicon and amylose content was found to have a decreasing trend with increasing level of nitrogen. NBTPL-5 was found to perform better in N50 level of nitrogen dose. NBTPP-4 had the maximum grain yield and thus can be suggested for the N100 level.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters of rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) under high temperature stress(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Rukaiya; Shankhadhar, DeeptiThesisItem Open Access Influence of silicon solubilizer on physiological attributes, pest and disease infestation in rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-06) Sarma, Rakesh Sil; Shankhdhar, Deepti