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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: Balooni, Madhur × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biological studies of Cordyceps militaris (l.) link and its cultivation on various agricultural waste
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145, 2022-09) Balooni, Madhur; Sharma, Geeta
    Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link is an entomopathogenic fungus which belongs to Division Ascomycota. It is worldwide in distribution; however, its population density is quite insignificant. Major hosts belong to 12 different families of the Lepidopteran order. It has been successfully artificially cultivated in a variety of media, including brown rice, silkworm pupae and other grains. In the present study, the teleomorphic as well as anamorphic stage of fungus was observed under compound microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. It was found that stroma (ascocarp) of fungus contains broadly ovoid, semi-immersed perithecia having filamentous asci narrowly cylindrical with an apical thick cap. Ascospores were filamentous and septate which fragmented into part spores at the time of maturity. Conidia was nonseptate, smooth and velvety; subglobose to elliptical, usually single or aggregated at the apex of phialides. Phialides were solitary or in whorls of two to three. Seven different solid media were used i.e PDA, OMA, SDAY, MYA, MEA, CZYA and V-8 for best fungal growth. Among these media, CZYA and OMA showed the best growth. Growth and sporulation (spores/ml) of fungus was studied under different colour lights i.e. blue, green, red, yellow, LED and dark condition (Control) on CZYA medium and result showed that yellow light support the fungus growth and showed maximum sporulation. Seven different agricultural wastes such as paddy straw, wheat straw, poultry litter, sawdust, waste paper, coco peat and tea waste along with brown rice (Control) were used to cultivate the fruiting bodies. Only three substrates (tea waste, poultry litter and brown rice) were able to produce fruiting bodies in which maximum biological efficiency was found in brown rice (75.15%) followed by tea waste (50%) and poultry litter (14.15%). Six different agricultural insect pests (Spodoptera litura, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera frugiperda, Athalia lugens, Holotrichia serrata and Papilio demoleus) were used for fruiting body production in which both larvae and pupae of H. armigera showed a maximum infection rate (90% and 70.33%) and least in case of P. demoleus (28% and 23.66%). No stromata formation was seen in all the treatments. To test the antagonistic nature of C. militaris, dual culture was performed against five plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria solani, Macrophomina phasiolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum truncatum and Pythium aphanidermatum) in which maximum growth inhibition was recorded in Macrophomina phasiolina (70.41%) and minimum in Colletotrichum truncatum (53.75%). Methanolic extract of fungus was used to show gradual inhibition in the growth of two plant pathogenic bacteria ( Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea) using the agar well diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameter in the case of P. syringae pv. glycinea was 0.56 cm at 25 % conc., 0.83 cm at 50 % conc., 1.13 cm at 75 % conc. and l1.46 cm at 100 % concentration. Plates kept as control did not show inhibition against test bacteria. A similar trend of growth inhibition was noticed in the case of X. oryzae pv. oryzae with increasing concentration of methanolic extract of C. militaris (i.e. 0.43 cm at 25% conc., 0.66 cm at 50% conc., 1.06 cm at 75% conc., and 1.26 cm at 100% conc.).