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20171
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Subject: Livestock Production and Management × Author: Khadda, Balbir Singh × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on various goat production systems in tarai region with special reference to Pantja goats
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Khadda, Balbir Singh; Singh, Brijesh
    The present study was conducted in two parts, in first part relevant observations pertaining to goat husbandry practices followed by 645 goat keepers of district Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital were collected by using interview schedule, interview guide and direct observation methods whereas, second part comprised of a study on various performance traits of Pantja goats recorded on the basis of progeny data. The data of both the parts, generated under ICAR sponsored AICRP on goats (Pantja field Unit) located in the department of livestock production management, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand). Results of the study showed that majority (90.39 %) of goat rearers belonged to Hindu religion, 55.97% of respondents lived in nuclear family with 53.64 % having a family size of more than 5 members. Overall literacy rate was 64.96 per cent. Majority of the farmers rearing Pantja goats were from Scheduled castes (43.88%) and 82.95% belonged to the middle age group. Majority of the goat keepers (47.91%) followed animal husbandry as a primary profession and 73.80% were landless peasants and 71.97% households earned a total income of more than Rs.50, 000 per annum. Women’s play role in parturition (73.95%), followed by cleaning of animal shed (61.40%), care of sick animal (56.43%), stall feeding after grazing (54.11%), care of young stock (52.40 %), spraying/ dusting (54.26%) and grazing of animals (47.44%). Majority of goat keepers (59.69%) maintained the flock within a shed near to own residences (79.84%) at night with incomplete boundary wall (43.88%) and 62.79% had kachcha floor in goat sheds and (84.65%) used temporary type of roof. Most of the goat rearers (78.29 %) did not have manger and 65.43% had poor sanitation in the sheds. Majority of goat keepers (65.58%) adopted semi stall feeding system. Grazing was done mostly on community land (95.97%) . The maximum proportion of goat rearers fed 100-200g concentrate/goat/ day. Majority of goat keepers (89.15%) did not provide mineral mixture. Majority of goat keepers (94.42%) practised heat detection. Pregnancy diagnosis was followed by 90.70% of the goat keepers by own judgment (92.825). Majority of goat rearers practiced deworming (70.39%), vaccination (55.81%) and control of ecto-parasites (61.24%). Majority of goat keepers (67.91%) were not aware of the care of navel cord of new born kids and 52.25% were not following the practice of castration of the male kids. Most of the goat rearers (92.71%) sold the female goats at own home through middle men (68.22%) based on physical appearance (46.82%) round the year for cash needs (68.84%). The study revealed that 87.59% investment was made on cost of goats and the overall variable cost contributed 77.89% to the gross cost. The net income over gross cost per household was observed to be Rs. 7267.89, 18133.40, 31243.90 and 56028.00 in small, medium, semi-large and large flocks, respectively. The overall least-squares mean for body weight at birth and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were found to be 1.89±0.02, 9.49±0.20, 13.09±0.18, 16.38±0.19 and 18.84±0.22 kg, respectively. The overall least squares means were measured at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months age for the morphometric traits viz. body height (28.55±0.11, 47.26±0.26, 52.23±0.32, 57.33±0.38 and 60.21±0.27 cm.), body length (26.90±0.13, 44.08±0.25, 48.05±0.15, 51.66±0.25 and 54.70±0.25 cm.), chest girth (29.11±0.15, 49.02±0.23, 53.45±0.32, 57.76±0.26 and 61.06±0.19 cm.), paunch girth (30.55±0.15, 51.83±0.29, 56.34±0.25, 60.81±0.33 and 62.98±0.25 cm.), ear length (9.55±0.09, 15.16±0.06, 16.28±0.06, 16.88±0.27 and 17.66±0.07 cm.) and ear width (4.57±0.06, 6.09±0.10, 6.72±0.08, 7.18±0.08 and 7.83±0.07 cm.). The overall least squares mean for horn length at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 2.12±0.07, 4.32±0.15, 5.93±0.18 and 6.46±0.18 cm, respectively. The overall least squares means for absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, instantaneous relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio were found to be 84.21±2.07, 39.93±0.77, 35.77±0.77 and 28.16±1.56g/ day; 3.98±0.08, 0.37±0.02, 0.24±0.01 and 0.16±0.01 kg/ kg; 1.75±0.02, 0.35±0.01, 0.24±0.01 and 0.17±0.01 per cent/ day and 15.29±0.16, 5.50±0.15, 4.24±0.09 and 3.53±0.37g between 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months of age respectively. Based on results of present study it was concluded that the goat keepers of the region were not fully aware about improved goat husbandry practices. Pantja breed of goat has an immense production potential. The maximum potential has not been realized due to subsistence type of production system adopted by the goat keepers. It can be achieved by following improved husbandry practices, which will not only improve the productive and reproductive performance of the goats but also improve the socio-economic conditions of the goat rearers.